Abstract
Controlled release formulations (CRFs) are considered an effective way to solve the low bioavailability of traditional pesticides. However, CRFs prepared by coating or encapsulation has the disadvantage of explosive release of the ingredients. Sustained-release pesticides prepared by coupling with a carrier can overcome this shortcoming. In the present study, an emamectin–lignin sulfonic acid conjugate (EB–SL), in which emamectin was connected via sulfonamide bonds with lignin, was prepared using sodium lignosulfonate as the carrier. The structure of the conjugate was characterized by IR, 1HNMR, and elemental analysis. The sustained-release results showed that EB–SL maintained its original structure when released in pure water and soil columns, and the sulfamide bond did not break. The photolysis test displayed that the photolysis half-life T0.5 of EB–SL was increased by 1.5 times compared with the emamectin suspending concentrate (EB-SC). Bioactivity tests in the greenhouse showed that EB–SL not only had similar insecticidal toxicity to emamectin emulsion concentrate (EB-EC) against Ostrinia nubilalis but also displayed a longer duration. The lethality of EB–SL on O. nubilalis was maintained at more than 70% across 19 days, whereas EB-EC as the control was less than 50% after 11 days of application.
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