Bioavailability Of Anticancer Drugs Research Articles

A SYSTEMATIC REVIEW ON SUPERSATURABLE SELF-NANO EMULSIFYING DRUG DELIVERY SYSTEM: A POTENTIAL STRATEGY FOR DRUGS WITH POOR ORAL BIOAVAILABILITY

The most fundamental important extensive constitutive of drug molecules to be available for systemic absorption is aqueous solubility; subsequently, that is the nature of GIT fluid. When the drug molecules become solubilized, it has to reach the systemic circulation via the biological membrane. The solubility problem of many effective pharmaceutical molecules is still one of the major challenges in the formulation of this molecule. Drug molecules that belong to class II have a problem in bioavailability mainly due to low aqueous solubility and the rate-limiting step is the dissolution process and so electing of suitable drug delivery and proper additives are decisive to overcome this major obstruction and promote the fraction that will reach the systemic circulation. Among the different lipid-based systems, the su-SNEDDSs have gained attention because the inclusion of precipitation inhibitors within su-SNEDDSs helps maintain drug supersaturation after dispersion and digestion in the gastrointestinal tract. This enhances the bioavailability of drugs and minimizes the variability of exposure. Nowadays, supersaturable self-nano emulsifying and nano lipid-based drug delivery systems have constrained a substantial concern from pharmaceutical scientists for managing the oral delivery of poorly water-soluble compounds. By following oral administration, self-nano emulsifying drug delivery systems show complex aqueous dispersion and digestion in the GIT and enduring intestinal lymphatic transport, exorbitant pre-absorptive metabolism by gut membrane-bound cytochrome enzymes and preventing P-gp mediated drug efflux. Mostly these processes result in drug supersaturation, which leads to increased absorption or the high drug concentrations may cause precipitation with capricious and variable oral bioavailability. This procession review briefly summarized drug supersaturation obtained from self-nano emulsifying and other lipid-based formulations and this review also delineate the effects of numerous physiological factors and the probable interactions between PIs and lipid, lipase or lipid digested products on the in vivo performance of su-SNEDDS and focuses on reviewing the application of su-SNEDDS in enhancing the solubility and bioavailability of anti-cancer drugs in cancer therapy.

A COMPREHENSIVE REVIEW ON SUPERSATURABLE SELF-NANOEMULSIFYING DRUG DELIVERY SYSTEM

Lipid-based drug delivery systems are extensively reported in the literature for enhancing drug solubility, permeability, and bioavailability. Self-nanoemulsifying drug delivery systems (SNEDDS) are a superior strategy for enhancing solubility and bioavailability of poorly water-soluble compounds and the most prevailing and commercially viable oil-based approach for drugs that exhibit low dissolution rate and inadequate absorption. However, these formulations have few limitations that include in vivo drug precipitation, inferior in vitro in vivo correlation owing to unavailability of in vitro tests, handling issues of liquid formulation, and physicochemical instability of drugs. These limitations are overcome by potential systems such as supersaturable SNEDDS (S-SNEDDS) which are prepared by addition of precipitation inhibitors into formulated SNEDDS to maintain drug supersaturation post dispersion in gastrointestinal tract. These systems improve drug bioavailability and reduce the inconsistency of exposure. In addition, these formulations also help to overcome the drawbacks of liquid and capsule dosage forms. The S-SNEDDS provides an effective approach for improving the dissolution and bioavailability of anti-cancer agents. In this article, an attempt was made to present an overview of SNEDDS, S-SNEDDS, their mechanism, formulation excipients, recent advancements, advantages, and disadvantages of SNEDDS formulations. The article also focuses on reviewing the application of S-SNEDDS in enhancing the solubility and bioavailability of anti-cancer drugs in cancer therapy.

Nanomedicine and Immunotherapy for Cancers

Nanomedicine contributes to cancer therapeutics in several ways, harnessing some of the remarkable properties of nanomaterials to target tumor cells with increasing specificity. Nano-scale therapeutic strategies enable the simultaneous transport of hydrophilic and hydrophobic drugs across physical and physiological barriers like the blood-brain barrier. Alternative routes of drug administration, such as the intranasal route, have become viable, with more promising therapies for highly lethal tumors like glioblastomas. Cancer nanomedicine allows increased solubility and bioavailability of anti-cancer drugs, reducing their toxicity.
 Multi-drug delivery systems such as dendrimers, noble metal nanoparticle drug delivery systems, nanoparticle-based theranostics, and nano-biomarkers may well bring about a sea change in cancer therapeutics. This review presents an overview of the scope of cancer nanomedicine, including immunotherapy for cancer.