Bioactive Phytochemical Compounds Research Articles

Assessment of Proximate, Mineral, Phytochemical and Antimicrobial Properties of Brassica oleraceae L. Leaf Concentrates

Food insecurity, ill health due to microbial infection and malnutrition have led to the search for alternative and affordable measures to address food shortage problems and associated health issues worldwide. This provides an opportunity to investigate the use of plants as a remedy. A fresh sample of Brassica oleracea was selected for the study; the sample was obtained and identified at the Botany Department of the University of Ibadan, washed before being processed into the leaf concentrate and assessed for proximate, mineral, phytochemical and antimicrobial potentials using the standard methods. The results of proximate analysis in g/100g showed; moisture; 8.80±0.16, Ash; 1.38±0.10, crude fat; 4.66±0.12, crude protein; 35.52±0.3, crude fibre; 3.16±0.06 and NFE; 46.45±0.23. The mineral analysis in mg/100g showed Na; 35.81±0.23, K; 3.37±0.01, Ca; 24.71±0.02, Mg; 0.24±0.00, P; 0.91±0.00, Fe; 0.90±0.01, Zn; 0.50±0.00, Cr; 0.10±0.00, Ni; 0.00, and Cu; 0.02±0.01. The sample contains some bioactive phytochemical compounds like steroids, anthraquinones terpenes, and coumarin. The sample extracts also showed antimicrobial potential against the ten selected microbes. The study conducted so far on the selected sample revealed that the sample will be viable ingredients in food formulation, pharmaceutical raw materials and alternative sources of protein.

Grewia flava twig extracts: phytochemical, antioxidant, and antimicrobial evaluations

BackgroundGrewia flava infusions are consumed to assist with kidney problems and stomach ailments. However, there are no scientific data on the phytochemical profile or biological properties to validate its folklore use. Thus, the study aimed to assess the phytochemical profile, antioxidant, and antimicrobial activities of Grewia flava twig extracts.MethodologyThe antioxidant activities of the extracts were assayed using 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl radical scavenging, reducing power, metal chelation, and total phenolic and flavonoid content assays. The agar well diffusion and microdilution methods were used for crude extracts and fractions (from 80% methanol extract) for antimicrobial screening against P. aeruginosa, S. aureus, E. coli, B. subtilis, A. niger, and R. oryzae.ResultsThe 80% methanol twig extract (250.00 ± 2 GAE/g) exhibited a high concentration of phenolic content, followed by the distilled water extract (192.00 ± 2 mg GAE/g) and the hexane extract (43.10 ± 0.2 mg GAE/g). Fraction 14 of the methanol twig extract exhibited MIC values of 0.21–0.31 mg/mL against all test microorganisms. The root and twig extracts exhibited significant antioxidant and antimicrobial activities, which were attributed to the extracts of bioactive phytochemical compounds such as alkaloids, flavonoids, saponins, steroids, glycosides, anthraquinones, and tannins that were detected in the extracts. Also, the root and twig non-polar extracts were subjected to gas chromatography–mass spectrometry analysis, which identified several bioactive compounds like betulin, β-amyrin, palmitic acid, lupenone, and phytol, highlighting the potential of the plant species as a botanical drug.ConclusionsThe study supports the traditional use of plant roots and twigs for treating various ailments, indicating their medicinal value. The twigs can be used in place of the roots to guarantee Grewia flava harvesting that is sustainable. However, a comparison of the quantities of the active compound in the twigs and roots using LC–MS is crucial.

Investigation of bioactive phytochemical compounds of the Ethiopian medicinal plant using GC-MS and FTIR

Medicinal plants Highly aromatic crude materials are utilized for treating warts as an alternative medicine to surgical treatment because they can be permanently removed from the body. Thus, this investigation aimed to extract plant material from Calotropis procera leaves, describe the phytochemical screening, analyze anti-microbial activities, determine the functional groups in FTIR, and identify the chemical compounds in GC-MS. The PH, specific gravity, and viscosity of the crude extracts of Calotropis procera were determined at 4.5, 0.79, and 0.49, respectively. Analyze the solubility of crude extracts; ethanol can dissolve while water does not. Flavonoids, alkaloids, phenols, tannins, and saponins were also present in the phytochemical screening tests of the Calotropis procera extracts, triterpenoids, terpenoids, and steroids were not present in the crude extract. Flavonoids, alkaloids, phenols, tannins, and saponins are the primary phytochemical components found in therapeutic plant material. The Calotropis procera crude extracts analyzed for functional groups by FT-IR contained a hydroxyl group, alkane, carbonyl, aldehyde, ketone, phenols, ester, alcohol, and methylene. The chemical compounds analyzed by GC-MS of Calotropis procera crude material were found to have 22 main compounds. Of 22 compounds, 5 compounds are active ingredients for the applications of medical purposes. The bioactive compounds found in the Calotropis procera plant extract are neophytadiene, hexahydrofarnesyl, lanosterol, 2,4-dimethylbenzo [H]quinolone, and squalene. Those bioactive compounds have anti-bacterial, analgesic, antipyretic, anti-inflammatory, antimicrobial, antioxidant, antiviral, and anti-cancer properties. In an in vitro antimicrobial activity test, the crude extract effectively inhibited more gram-positive bacteria than gram-negative bacteria. This collective reason is why the traditional therapist uses this Calotropis procera plant for the treatment of warts.

Effect of cold arid high-altitude environment on bioactive phytochemical compounds of organically grown Brassicaceae vegetables for nutri-health security in mountainous regions

High-altitude (HA) environment presents immense physiological adversities for humans that have been overcome by supplementing bio-active phytochemicals from functional foods that support and accelerate acclimatization under these extreme environmental conditions. Several agricultural interventions have been investigated to enhance the phytochemical content in vegetables however; these studies have been limited to low-altitude (LA) regions only. In view of an existing knowledge gap, current work is designed to compare the phytochemical compositions of HA and LA-grown Brassicaceae vegetables (cabbage, cauliflower, knol-khol, and radish) using organic treatments via farm yard manure (FYM) and Azotobacter. The open field study was conducted as a two-factorial randomized block design. The first factor was treatment (T1-FYM, T2-Azotobacter, T3-FYM + Azotobacter, and T4-control) while the second was locations (HA and LA). Among all these treatments, the application of treatment T3 in HA-grown cabbage showed the highest total phenolic content (TPC; 9.56 μg/mg), total flavonoids content (TFC; 14.48 μg/mg), and antioxidant potential using 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH; 85.97%) and ferric reducing antioxidant power (FRAP; 30.77 μg/mg) compared to LA grown samples. Reverse Phase high performance liquid chromatography (RP-HPLC) analysis showed that treatment T3 at HA led to significantly high kaempferol (0.92 μg/mg) and sulforaphane (8.94 μg/mg) contents in cabbage whereas, indole-3-carbinol (1.31 μg/mg) was higher in HA grown cauliflower. The present study provides scientific evidence for the enrichment of health-promoting phytochemical compounds in Brassicaceae vegetables grown with T3 treatment specifically at HA.

The silibinin-loaded Zein-β cyclodextrin nano-carriers (SZBC-NCs) as a novel selective cancer cell drug delivery system in HT-29 cell line

Entrapping phytochemical bioactive compounds into nano-structured biocompatible polymers has been successfully utilized for improving cancer treatment efficiency. Silibinin is a potent compound that shows promising anticancer properties. In the present study, the Zein-β-cyclodextrin complex was used to encapsulate silibinin and evaluate the induced cell death type and cytotoxic impacts on human cancer cells. The silibinin-loaded Zein-β cyclodextrin nano-carriers (SZBC-NCs) were synthesized utilizing a gradual ultrasound-mediated homogenization technique and characterized by Zeta potential, DLS, FESEM, and FTIR analysis. The SZBC-NCs’ antioxidant activity was studied by conducting ABTS and DPPH radical scavenging assays. Finally, the SZBC-NCs selective toxicity and cellular death induction mechanism were studied on the HT-29 and AGS cancer cells by measuring the cell survival and apoptotic gene (Caspase 3, 9), respectively, which were verified by conducting the DAPI staining analysis. The negatively charged (− 27.47 mV) nanoparticles (286.55 nm) showed significant ABTS and DPPH radical scavenging activity. Moreover, the remarkable decrease in the IC50 concentrations of the SZBC-NCs among the HT-29 and AGS cancer cell lines exhibited their selective cytotoxic potential. Also, the overexpressed apoptotic (Caspases 3 and 9) and down-regulated necrotic (NFKB) gene expressions following the SZBC-NCs treatment doses indicated the apoptotic activity of SZBC-NCs, which were verified by the increased apoptotic morphology of the DAPI-stained HT-29 cancer cells. The antioxidant and colon cancer cell-related apoptotic activity of the SZBC-NCs make it an appropriate anti-colon cancer nano delivery system. Therefore, they can potentially be used as a safe efficient colon cancer treatment strategy. However, further in vivo experiments including animal cancer models have to be studied.

Phytochemical Compounds and the Antifungal Activity of Centaurium pulchellum Ethanol Extracts in Iraq

The current study included a variety of phytochemical substances that were extracted from Centaurium pulchellum and showed a wide range of medicinal properties from the plant's reproductive and vegetative parts against the pathogenic fungus Aspergillus flavus. The vegetative and reproductive components of Centaurium pulchellum were subjected to (GC-MS) analysis for phytochemical study. The data indicated that fungal activity was the highest. Four extract concentrations of 5, 10, 15, and 20 mg/ml were utilized in the investigation, and the diameter of the colonies measured at each concentration was 90.00, 36.00, 28.00, 18.00, and 0.00 mm, respectively. Nine bioactive phytochemical compounds were found in Centaurium pulchellum's vegetative and reproductive portions, according to GC-MS analysis of the chemicals. Another study reported phytochemical substances that: 1-H-Imidazole-2-carboxaldehyde, 1-methyl-;Acetaminophen; n-Hexadecanoic acid; Mercaptoacetic acid, 2TMS derivative; 1.2,3-Dimethyl-5-(trifluoromethyl)-1,4-benzenediol #; Mercaptoethanol, 2TMS derivative-; Bis-(3,5,5-trimethylhexyl) phthalate Tetrakis(trimethylsilyl) orthosilicate #;- 1.1-Isopropoxy-3,3,3-trimethyl-1-[(trimethylsilyl)oxy]disiloxanyl tris(trimethylsilyl) orthosilicate #.

Recent Advances in Phytochemical-Based Topical Applications for the Management of Eczema: A Review

Eczema (atopic dermatitis, AD) is a skin disease characterized by skin barrier dysfunction due to various factors, including genetics, immune system abnormalities, and environmental triggers. Application of emollients and topical drugs such as corticosteroids and calcineurin inhibitors form the mainstay of treatments for this challenging condition. This review aims to summarize the recent advances made in phytochemical-based topical applications to treat AD and the different carriers that are being used. In this review, the clinical efficacy of several plant extracts and bioactive phytochemical compounds in treating AD are discussed. The anti-atopic effects of the herbs are evident through improvements in the Scoring Atopic Dermatitis (SCORAD) index, reduced epidermal thickness, decreased transepidermal water loss, and alleviated itching and dryness in individuals affected by AD as well as in AD mouse models. Histopathological studies and serum analyses conducted in AD mouse models demonstrated a reduction in key inflammatory factors, including thymic stromal lymphopoietin (TSLP), serum immunoglobulin E (IgE), and interleukins (IL). Additionally, there was an observed upregulation of the filaggrin (FLG) gene, which regulates the proteins constituting the stratum corneum, the outermost layer of the epidermis. Carriers play a crucial role in topical drug applications, influencing dose delivery, retention, and bioavailability. This discussion delves into the efficacy of various nanocarriers, including liposomes, ethosomes, nanoemulsions, micelles, nanocrystals, solid-lipid nanoparticles, and polymeric nanoparticles. Consequently, the potential long-term side effects such as atrophy, eruptions, lymphoma, pain, and allergic reactions that are associated with current topical treatments, including emollients, topical corticosteroids, topical calcineurin inhibitors, and crisaborole, can potentially be mitigated through the use of phytochemical-based natural topical treatments.

The Antibacterial Activity of Angelica glauca in form of Silver Nanoparticles

Angelica glauca have been used traditionally as an over the counter herbal preparation, nowadays nanotechnology formulate metal nanoparticles from Angelica glauca in green synthesis method which increase Angelica glauca pharmacology and pharmaceutical application. The aims of present work were to synthesis Angelica glauca silver nanoparticles from its methanolic extract, phytochemicals detection, investigation the morphology and chemical compound characteristic present in Angelica glauca AgNPs by spectroscopic method of FT-IR, and scan electron microscope, and finally in vitro evaluation the antibacterial activity of Angelica glauca in forms of methanolic extract and silver nanoparticles. Extraction by soxhlet was the method used in preparation Angelica glauca methanolic extract, to be use in preparation Angelica glauca silver nanoparticles, 5 phytochemicals were detected, in addition to detection Angelica glauca AgNPs characteristic of active chemical compound and nanoparticles morphology by FT-IR and SEM, in vitro assessment antibacterial activity against Four types of control bacteria. Methanolic extract weight yielded from 250 g of Angelica glauca was 13.3g, in addition to phytochemical detection test was positive for alkaloids, flavonoids, tannins, steroids and coumarins. However, detection of terpenoids, carbohydrate, saponine, quinine, and proteins showed negative result, FT-IR spectroscopy, which showed a sharp band with different wave length, indicating the presence of multi- functional group as aliphatic –CH3, olefinic –C=C-, and carbonyl C=O, particle size detected by SEM )mean ±SD) was 70.9nm±13.60. The antibacterial activity of Angelica glauca AgNPs was higher than methanolic extract. The two formula of Angelica glauca exhibit a varying degree of antibacterial activity, Angelica glauca contain many bioactive phytochemical compounds when reduced to nanoparticles which can be used in curing health related problems and in many pharmaceutical application across the globe.

Phytochemical investigations of Pomegranate (Punica granatum) rind extracts and their antibacterial activity

Pomegranate (Punica granatum L.) is an ancient fruit rich in phytochemical bioactive compounds. Punica granatum L belonging to the family Punicaceae is described as an ingredient in remedies and is a widely used plant having medicinal properties. Having served as a symbolic fruit since ancient times, pomegranate (Punica granatum L) gained considerable recognition as a functional food in the modern era. Present study reports the phytochemical analysis which has been carried out on the peel (rind) extract. Rind of pomegranate (Punica granatum) was extracted using Methanol as solvents. Phytochemical investigations included qualitative detection of phytochemicals .This phytochemical investigation results shows the presence of phenols , tannins, flavonoids, coumarins, quinones, steroids, triterpenoids, and alkaloids in Methanol extracts.The antibacterial activity of extracts were also evaluated by agar diffusion method against Staph aureus, E.coli and Pseudomonas aeruginosa.Methanolic extracts of pomegranate rind was most effective in inhibiting the growth of Staph.aureus showing 22 mm of diameter of zone of inhibition followed by Ethanolic extract against Staph.aureus with 19 mm diameter of zone of inhibition followed by E.coli with 21 mm diameter of zone of inhibition by methanol extract and 17 mm of diameter of zone of inhibition by ethanol extract. Work is under progress on new emerging AI technologies for detailed analysis of phyto-chemicals in Punica granatum rind. AI provides new approaches for screening the main components and pathways of single herb or prescriptions, and predicting the mechanism of action.

Enhancing Phytochemical Compounds, Functional Properties, and Volatile Flavor Profiles of Pomelo (Citrus grandis (L.) Osbeck) Juices from Different Cultivars through Fermentation with Lacticaseibacillus paracasei.

The current study aimed to explore the effects of fermenting five different pomelo cultivars using Lacticaseibacillus paracasei on various physicochemical, phytochemical, and organoleptic attributes. Fermentation led to an increase in viable lactic acid bacteria count (8.80-9.28 log cfu/mL), organic acids, total polyphenols, and flavonoids, resulting in improved antioxidant activity, bile acid binding, cholesterol micellization disruption, and inhibition of pancreatic lipase activity. Additionally, some cultivars displayed higher levels of naringin, naringenin, and hesperetin after fermentation. The levels of volatile compounds were elevated after fermentation. The bitterness and overall acceptability scores were improved in the fermented samples of the Kao Numpueng cultivar. The principal component analysis (PCA) revealed that the Tubtim Siam cultivar demonstrated the highest functionality and health-related benefits among all fermented pomelos. Overall, the study suggests that pomelo exhibits potential as a valuable resource for creating a dairy-free probiotic drink enriched with bioactive phytochemical compounds and beneficial functional attributes.

Nutritional Composition, Simulated Digestion and Biological Activities of Campomanesia xanthocarpa Fruit.

Gabirobeira fruits are known for their rich nutrient content and bioactive phytochemical compounds that contribute to significant biological activities. Despite these attributes, the antioxidant potential and stability of phenolic compounds in gabiroba by-products after digestion have yet to be studied. The objective of this work was to evaluate the physical-chemical composition, antibacterial activity, α-amylase, and α-glucosidase inhibitory effects, as well as the in vitro digestibility of total phenolic compounds, total flavonoids, and antioxidant activity of powder and extract from gabiroba to valorize these byproducts. The gabiroba powder had low moisture, high carbohydrate and fiber content. The extraction using 80% ethanol demonstrated higher antioxidant, antibacterial, α-amylase, and α-glucosidase inhibition activities compared to the 12% ethanol and water extracts. Catechin and ferulic acid were the major phenolic compounds identified by HPLC-DAD. After digestion, both the powder and the gabiroba extract exhibited a bioaccessibility of more than 30% for total phenolic compounds and antioxidant activity during the gastric phase. However, the dry ethanol extract displayed higher total phenolic compounds after both the gastric and intestinal phases compared to the flour. Processing gabiroba into powder and extract is a promising approach to fully utilize this seasonal fruit, minimize waste, concentrate health-beneficial compounds, and valorize a by-product for use as a functional ingredient and raw material within the food and pharmaceutical industries.

Pressurized Hot Water Extraction of Mangosteen Pericarp and Its Associated Molecular Signatures in Endothelial Cells.

The mangosteen (Garcinia mangostana L.) pericarp is known to be rich in potent bioactive phytochemical compounds such as xanthones, which possess pharmacologically important antioxidant activity and beneficial cardiometabolic properties. Mangosteen pericarp is typically classified as unavoidable food waste and discarded, despite being rich in bioactive phytochemical compounds that therefore present an exciting opportunity for valorization. Thus, this study aims to extract phytochemical compounds from mangosteen pericarp using pressurized hot water extraction (PHWE) and determine its biological effects in endothelial cells using RNA sequencing. Liquid chromatography with MS/MS (LC/MSMS) and UV detection (LC/UV) was subsequently used to identify three key phytochemical compounds extracted from the mangosteen pericarp: α-Mangostin, γ-Mangostin, and Gartanin. Within the tested range of extraction temperatures by PHWE, our results demonstrated that an extraction temperature of 120 °C yielded the highest concentrations of α-Mangostin, γ-Mangostin, and Gartanin with a concomitant improvement in antioxidant capacity compared to other extraction temperatures. Using global transcriptomic profiling and bioinformatic analysis, the treatment of endothelial cells with mangosteen pericarp extracts (120 °C PHWE) for 48 h caused 408 genes to be differentially expressed. Furthermore, our results demonstrated that key biological processes related to "steroid biosynthesis and metabolism", likely involving the activation of the AMPK signaling pathway, were upregulated by mangosteen pericarp extract treatment. In conclusion, our study suggests a green extraction method to valorize phytochemical compounds from mangosteen pericarp as a natural product with potential beneficial effects on cardiometabolic health.

In vitro anti-inflammatory and comparative cytotoxicity studies on methanolic extract of Enicostemma hyssopifolium

Enicostemma hyssopifolium is a perineal herb widely used as an antidiabetic agent in folklore medicine. The present work was focused on the assessment of its anti-inflammatory and cytotoxic properties. Its methanolic extract was evaluated for anti-inflammatory activity using murine monocytic macrophage RAW 264.7 cells, and screened for its cytotoxic property in different cancer cell lines. The methanolic extract was able to potentially inhibit the bacterial lipopolysaccharides-induced inflammatory response in RAW 264.7 cells. Results of the cytotoxicity studies revealed that the methanolic extract effectively induced the cytotoxicity at considerably lower concentration in MCF-7, A-549, and COLO-205 cell lines, while the viability of HeLa, CasKi, and HT-29 cells were inhibited at comparatively higher concentrations. Results thus indicated that E. hyssopifolium possessed potent anti-inflammatory and cytotoxic properties. This necessitates further exploration of bioactive phytochemical compounds responsible for these properties for therapeutic applications.

Ethno-botanical Verification and Phytochemical Profile of Ethanolic leaves Extract of Two Medicinal Plants (Phragmenthera capitata and Lantana camara) used in Nigeria using GC- MS Technique

Background: The present experiment was designed to determine the bioactive constituents from extracts of leaves of Phragmenthera capitata and Latana camara. The medicinal value of a plant species is dependent upon its various phytochemical constituents. Methodology:The chemical compositions of the ethanolic extract of the leaves of P. capitata and L. camara were investigated using theGas Chromatography-Mass spectrometry model GCMS-QP2010 PLUS SHIMADZU. The column used was aPerkin Elmer Elite – 5 capillary columns measuring 30m × 0.25mm with a film thickness of 0.25mm composed of 95% Dimethylpolysiloxane. The carrier gas used was Helium at a flow rate of 0.5ml / min. Results:Fifteen (15) bioactive phytochemical compounds were identified for P. capitata and twenty (20) bioactive phytochemical compounds were identified for L. camara. The prevailing compounds in P. capitata were, 3-H-pyrazol-3-1, Decanoic acid, n-Hexadecanoic acid, Pentanoic acid, Methyloctanoic acid, 4-octanoicacid, 15 -tetraosenoic acid, oleic acid, Octadecanoic acid, Pentafluoropropronic acid, (E)-13-docosenoic acid, Vitamin E, Lupeol and Chilosyphone. Also, in L. camara the following compounds were identified, 3-n-hexythiolane, Docosanoic acid, 1- nonanol, 1-hexacosanol, Divalonic acid, Decanoic acid, Octanoic acid, Eicosanoic acid, Hexadecanoic acid, Nonadecanoic acid, 9-12 octadecanoic acid, 11 -octadecadienoic acid, Pentadecanoic acid, Oleic acid, Methyl -Beta-D-arabinopyranoside, Acetic acid, Pentanoic acid, Heneicosanoic acid, methyl ester and 2H-pyran,2-(7-heptadecynloxytetrahydro. Conclusion: Based on the results of findings, it could be concluded that extract from P. capitata and L. camara may have antioxidant, antimicrobial, anti-cancer, anti-diabetic, anti-fungal and anti-convulsant activities due to the presence of secondary metabolites in the ethanolic extract

Nutritional and Bioactive Constituents of Antioxidant and Antimicrobial Properties in Spinacia oleracea: A Review

In recent years, overwhelming studies have recognized the excellent functional and nutritional properties of green leafy vegetables that can be gained through a proper human diet. Among the vegetables studied, Spinacia oleraceaLinn. or commonly known as spinach is widely being acknowledged for having a diverse range of nutritional composition and bioactive phytochemical compounds. Spinach, which is grouped under the Amaranthaceae family, contains various beneficial effects owing to their nutritional compositions, such as carbohydrates, proteins, fats, fibre, minerals, vitamins, and bioactive constituents that are directly linked to various bio-functional properties. The valuable bio-constituent of polyphenols that exist in spinach contributes to its effective antioxidant and antimicrobial properties. Therefore, the antioxidant from spinach extract is a promising source of natural antioxidants to replace the harmful effect of synthetic antioxidants. Moreover, it can inhibit cellular oxidative damage, increase storage stability, and restrict the growth of a wide range of pathogenic bacteria, which offers a huge prospect for potential food application. Therefore, the main attention of this review was to highlight the effective antioxidant and antimicrobial properties of phytochemical compounds in spinach extract. Additionally, this review provided a comprehensive description of the wide range of food applications with regards to the use of spinach extract.

Justicia adhatoda L. vasicin and vasicinone as bioactive phytochemical compounds: Isolation, characterization, and computational studies

Justicia adhatoda L. has wide applications in traditional and modern medicine. Its major potency is due to the presence of two alkaloids viz. Vasicine and Vasicinone. In industry, the demand for both marker compounds as well as quality Justicia adhatoda L. material is very high. The isolation of bioactive phytochemical compounds for the development of an in-house phytochemical reference standard library to verify quality control is of prime demand for an analytical chemist. For these reasons, the objective of the present study was to isolate two members of the alkaloids Vasicine and Vasicinone marker compounds from Justicia adhatoda L. Extraction was carried out by using a cold percolation method in a successive manner by increasing the order of polarity of the solvents from petroleum-ether to ethanol. Isolation was achieved for the above said two maker compounds by using separation, purification though column chromatography on silica-gel using mobile phase chloroform, and ethanol. Characterization of the isolated compounds was carried out by UV–VIS, IR, 1H NMR, 13C NMR and mass spectroscopy techniques. The isolated and purified solid compounds were confirmed as Vasicine and Vasicinone by comparison and co-relating with observed spectroscopy data and literature data. The compounds had a good to high amount of yield (0.4 % to 0.63 %) with high purity (98–100 %) through HPL. Lastly, frontier molecular orbital analysis (HOMO and LUMO), and global descriptive parameters (such as chemical potential, electronegativity, hardness, softness, etc.) were analyzed using computational approaches. Results revealed a good correlation with experimental data except for a few alternations in 1H NMR data.

Antioxidant and immunological evaluation of Ceratonia siliqua on Methotrexate induced Albino mice male

Carob (Ceratonia siliqua) plant was frequently used to cure a variety of health issues. This study aimed to evaluate the total flavonoid, phytochemical compounds, antioxidant activity In vitro, as well as immunological potential of Ceratonia siliqua methanolic extract in vivo through determination of total and absolute count of white blood cell on albino male mice. The result showed that Ceratonia siliqua contain (224.5±37.86) of flavonoid compound, in addition of many bioactive phytochemical compounds like (tannin, glycoside, alkaloid, polyphenol, and glycoside). Antioxidant activity indicated that the ability of methanolic extract of Ceratonia siliqua plant to scavenging free radical In vitro in all concentration uses (0.04, 0.08, 0.16, 0.32 and 0.64 mg/ml) when compared with trolox (vit E). Immunological parameters indicated the ability of plant to enhance the immunity by increase WBCs count (7166 cell/cu.mm.blood) in comparison with positive (methotrexate) and negative control, as well as increase in lymphocytes (3700 cell/cu.mm.blood) , neutrophil (2985 cell/cu.mm.blood) and monocyte (481 cell/cu.mm.blood) All of these effect attributed to active phytochemical constituents in plant extract.

Antioxidant and Wound Healing Bioactive Potential of Extracts Obtained from Bark and Needles of Softwood Species.

Interest in the extraction of phytochemical bioactive compounds, especially polyphenols from biomass, has recently increased due to their valuable biological potential as natural sources of antioxidants, which could be used in a wide range of applications, from foods and pharmaceuticals to green polymers and bio-based materials. The present research study aimed to provide a comprehensive chemical characterization of the phytochemical composition of forest biomass (bark and needles) of softwood species (Picea abies L., H. Karst., and Abies alba Mill.) and to investigate their in vitro antioxidant and antimicrobial activities to assess their potential in treating and healing infected chronic wounds. The DPPH radical-scavenging method and P-LD were used for a mechanistic explanation of the biomolecular effects of the investigated bioactive compounds. (+)-Catechin, epicatechin, rutin, myricetin, 4 hydroxybenzoic and p-cumaric acids, kaempherol, and apigenin were the main quantified polyphenols in coniferous biomass (in quantities around 100 µg/g). Also, numerous phenolic acids, flavonoids, stilbenes, terpenes, lignans, secoiridoids, and indanes with antioxidant, antimicrobial, anti-inflammatory, antihemolytic, and anti-carcinogenic potential were identified. The Abies alba needle extract was more toxic to microbial strains than the eukaryotic cells that provide its active wound healing principles. In this context, developing industrial upscaling strategies is imperative for the long-term success of biorefineries and incorporating them as part of a circular bio-economy.

Bioactive compounds in cruciferous sprouts and microgreens and the effects of sulfur nutrition.

Cruciferous sprouts and microgreens are a good source of bioactive compounds for human health since they are rich in glucosinolates, polyphenols, carotenoids, vitamins, etc. Sulfur-containing bioactive phytochemicals called glucosinolates are attractive to humans owing to its cancer chemoprevention. They mainly exist in cruciferous vegetables. Sulfur is one of the essential elements for plant and is also an indispensable component of glucosinolates. In this paper, the nutritional value of cruciferous spouts and microgreens is summarized, along with the effects of sulfur nutrition on bioactive phytochemical compounds of cruciferous sprouts and microgreens, especially glucosinolates. The review aims to provide nutritious information so that people may consume cruciferous sprouts and microgreens wisely, and to offer helpful cues for the research on cruciferous sprouts and microgreens products. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.

SHREDDED TUNA FORTIFIED WITH BANANA BLOSSOMS AS AN ANTI-DIABETIC FOOD CANDIDATE: AN INVESTIGATIONAL IN SILICO STUDY

Fish shredded is nutritious and has a soft texture, less stringy than shredded beef. The compounds in tuna shredded fortified with banana blossoms and their potential as antidiabetic are not yet known. The purpose of this study was to identify phytochemical bioactive compounds in tuna shredded fortified with banana blossoms and to study its potential as an antidiabetic functional food in silico. The 70% fortified tuna shreds were extracted using hexane, followed by ethyl acetate and finally using methanol. The methanol filtrate was evaporated to obtain methanol extract of shredded fish and analyzed using LC-HRMS. Phytochemical compounds were analyzed for antidiabetic potential in silico using Open Babel GUI software version 2.4.1, PyRx 0.8 (The scrips Research Institute), PyMOL™ 1.7.4.5, and Discovery Studio Visualizer (2021). The methanol extract of banana heart fortified tuna fish contained 32 compounds. The results of docking the compounds against the α-glucosidase receptor showed that the compound that had a lower or the same binding affinity with acarbose (-8.00 Kcal/mol) and native ligand (-6.00 Kcal/mol) was flurandrelonide (-9.40 kcal/mol), Quercetin-3β-D-glucoside (-9.30 kcal/mol), sakuranetin (-8.80 kcal/mol), curcumin (-7.70 kcal/mol), ar-turmerone (-7.20 kcal/mol), nootkatone (-7.20 kcal/mol), and ferulic acid (-6.90 kcal/mol). The lower the binding affinity value, the stronger the inhibition of α-glucosidase. Phytochemical compounds in shredded tuna fortified with banana blossoms that may act as antidiabetic agents through in silico α-glucosidase inhibition are flurandrelonide, quercetin-3β-glucosidase, sakuranetin, curcumin, ar-turmerone, and ferulic acid.