Bioactive Materials Research Articles

Direct Functionalization of para‐Quinones: A Historical Review and New Perspectives

AbstractThe direct functionalization of quinones has always fascinated research communities due to their biological and redox activities and subsequent application. Quinone motifs play a vital role as precursors for many bioactive compounds and materials; hence, many ingenious methodologies have been elaborated for exploring these units. A significant part of the synthetic strategies towards the functionalized quinones has been achieved by installing substituents on hydroquinones, phenols, or quinone itself by different oxidative coupling reactions via radical pathways with or without the utilization of metal catalysts. The functionalization of simple quinones via direct C−H bond remains challenging due to their inherited electronic nature and high bond dissociation energy. This review article summarizes the recent advancement made for functionalized quinones through direct functionalization of simple quinones. Our primary focus will be on the synthetic approaches and mechanistic pathways of these reactions that have appeared in the last two decades, along with a short historical importance of the quinone family.

Comparative evaluations of shear bond strength of mineral trioxide aggregate, Biodentine, and calcium-enriched mixture to bulk-fill flowable composite using three different adhesive systems: An in vitro study.

The objective of the study was to assess the shear bond strength of bulk-fill flowable composite resin smart dentin replacement plus when bonded to mineral trioxide aggregate (MTA)-angelus, biodentine, and calcium-enriched mixture (CEM) at two different aging periods (15 min and 72 h) using three distinct adhesive systems. In addition, the study identified the specific modes of failure (adhesive, cohesive, or mixed) using a stereomicroscope and scanning electron microscope. One hundred and twenty-six cylindrical acrylic blocks used in the study were sorted into three groups based on the bioactive substance used to fill the 3-mm diameter and 3-mm high hole in the center of each block. The groups were MTA, Biodentine, and CEM. The specimens were then divided into subgroups based on the aging interval (15 min and 72 h) of the bioactive material and the adhesive system used (two-step total-etch, two-step self-etch [SE], and one-step SE) while bonding to the restorative bulk-fill flowable composite. The shear bond strength values were measured with a universal testing machine, and the data were analyzed using two-way and one-way analysis of variance, followed by a post hoc test. The specimens were assessed under stereomicroscope and scanning electron microscope to characterize the mode of bond failure (cohesive, adhesive, or mixed). The study showed that the type of adhesive system and the time of bonding affected the shear bond strength of bulk-fill composite to the pulp capping agents (P < 0.05). For MTA, the highest bond strength was observed with two-step SE group at 15 min (18.16 ± 2.97 MPa) (P < 0.05). CEM exhibited the highest bond strength with two-step SE group at 72 h intervals (8.77 ± 1.76) (P < 0.05). The highest bond strength for biodentine group was observed with total-etch group (8.54 ± 1.35 Mpa) and two-step SE (8.19 ± 1.94 Mpa) bonded at 72 h interval (P < 0.05). The majority of the samples in the MTA group (29/42) and CEM group (20/42) showed a cohesive fracture, whereas Biodentine group (22/42) had an adhesive fracture in most of its samples. MTA demonstrated the highest bond strength with two-step SE group at 15 min, and CEM exhibited the highest bond strength with two-step SE groups at 72 h interval. For biodentine group, the type of adhesive used did not impact the bond strength values.

Recent advances in drug delivery applications of aqueous two-phase systems.

Aqueous two-phase systems (ATPSs) are liquid-liquid equilibria between two aqueous phases that usually contain over 70% water content each, which results in a nontoxic organic solvent-free environment for biological compounds and biomolecules. ATPSs have attracted significant interest in applications for formulating carriers (microparticles, nanoparticles, hydrogels, and polymersomes) which can be prepared using the spontaneous phase separation of ATPSs as a driving force, and loaded with a wide range of bioactive materials, including small molecule drugs, proteins, and cells, for delivery applications. This review provides a detailed analysis of various ATPSs, including strategies employed for particle formation, polymerization of droplets in ATPSs, phase-guided block copolymer assemblies, and stimulus-responsive carriers. Processes for loading various bioactive payloads are discussed, and applications of these systems for drug delivery are summarized and discussed.

Advancements and Applications of Three-dimensional Printing Technology in Surgery.

Three-dimensional (3D) printing technology has revolutionized surgical practices, offering precise solutions for planning, education, and patient care. Surgeons now wield tangible, patient-specific 3D models derived from imaging data, allowing for meticulous presurgical planning. These models enhance surgical precision, reduce operative times, and minimize complications, ultimately improving patient outcomes. The technology also serves as a powerful educational tool, providing hands-on learning experiences for medical professionals and clearer communication with patients and their families. Despite its advantages, challenges such as model accuracy and material selection exist. Ongoing advancements, including bioactive materials and artificial intelligence integration, promise to further enhance 3D printing's impact. The future of 3D printing in surgery holds potential for regenerative medicine, increased global accessibility, and collaboration through telemedicine. Interdisciplinary collaboration between medical and engineering fields is crucial for responsible and innovative use of this technology.

Bioactive poly(amino acid)s for multi-modal cancer therapy.

The interplay between the tumor cells and their microenvironments is as inseparable as the relationship between "seeds" and "soil." The tumor microenvironments (TMEs) exacerbate malignancy by enriching malignant cell subclones, generating extracellular matrices, and recruiting immunosuppressive cells, thereby diminishing the efficacy of clinical therapies. Modulating TMEs has emerged as a promising strategy to enhance cancer therapy. However, the existing drugs used in clinical settings do not target the TMEs specifically, underscoring the urgent need for advanced strategies. Bioactive materials present unique opportunities for modulating TMEs. Poly(amino acid)s with precisely controllable structures and properties offer exceptional characteristics, such as diverse structural units, excellent biosafety, ease of modification, sensitive biological responsiveness, and unique secondary structures. These attributes hold significant potential for the modulation of TMEs and clinical applications further. Consequently, developing bioactive poly(amino acid)s capable of modulating the TMEs by elucidating structure-activity relationships and mechanisms is a promising approach for innovative clinical oncology therapy. This review summarizes the recent progress of our research team in developing bioactive poly(amino acid)s for multi-modal tumor therapy. First, a brief overview of poly(amino acid) synthesis and their advantages as nanocarriers is provided. Subsequently, the pioneering research of our research group on synthesizing the biologically responsive, dynamically allosteric, and immunologically effective poly(amino acid)s are highlighted. These poly(amino acid)s are designed to enhance tumor therapy by modulating the intracellular, extracellular matrix, and stromal cell microenvironments. Finally, the future development of poly(amino acid)s is discussed. This review will guide and inspire the construction of bioactive poly(amino acid)s with promising clinical applications in cancer therapy. This article is categorized under: Therapeutic Approaches and Drug Discovery > Nanomedicine for Oncologic Disease Biology-Inspired Nanomaterials > Peptide-Based Structures.

Tooth autotransplantation with adjunctive application of enamel matrix derivatives using a digital workflow: A prospective case series

ObjectivesDigital protocols and bioactive materials may reduce complications and improve tooth autotransplantation (ATT) success and survival rates. This prospective study assesses the performance of a fully digital autotransplantation protocol of close-apex molars with the adjunctive application of Enamel Matrix Derivatives (EMD). MethodsTwelve adult patients with 13 hopeless molar teeth were replaced with autotransplantation of closed apex third molars. Outcomes, including success and survival rates, clinical, endodontic, radiographic, patient-reported outcome measures (PROMs), and digital image assessments, were conducted over a two-year follow-up period. ResultsSurvival and success rates were 100% and 91.2%, respectively, with no progressive inflammatory or replacement root resorption (ankylosis) except for one tooth presenting radiographic furcation involvement. A significant probing depth reduction of 2.4 ± 2.58 mm and CAL gains of 2.8 ± 3.03 mm were observed in transplanted teeth compared to the hopeless receptor teeth. Radiographic bone levels remained stable throughout the study period (-0.37 ± 0.66 mm), and digital image assessments showed minimal alveolar ridge width changes (-0.32 to -0.7 mm) and gingival margin changes (-0.95 to -1.27 mm) from baseline to last visit. PROMs indicated very high patient satisfaction. ConclusionThe use of a digital ATT protocol with adjunctive use of EMD in closed-apex third molars demonstrated promising short-term high success and survival rates. Additionally, this type of therapy adequately preserves the dimensions of the alveolar ridge in the receptor site. Clinical significanceThis is the first prospective clinical study examining the effect of a digital tooth autotransplantation protocol combined with the application of EMD. It demonstrates that this approach is an effective treatment for replacing hopeless teeth and also validates the digital assessment of ATT alveolar ridge preservation at the recipient site.

Comparison of remineralization ability of tricalcium silicate and of glass ionomer cement on residual dentin: an in vitro study

ObjectiveThis study aimed to compare the remineralization effects of a calcium silicate-based cement (Biodentine) and of a glass ionomer cement (GIC: Fuji IX) on artificially demineralized dentin.MethodsFour standard cavities were prepared in dentin discs prepared from 34 extracted sound human third molars. In each disc, one cavity was covered with an acid-resistant varnish before demineralization (Group 1). The specimens were soaked in a chemical demineralization solution for 96 h to induce artificial carious lesions. Thereafter, one cavity each was filled with Biodentine (Group 2) and GIC (Group 3), respectively, and one carious lesion was left unrestored as a negative control (Group 4). Next, specimens were immersed in simulated body fluid (SBF) for 21 days. After cross-sectioning the specimens, the Ca/P ratio was calculated in each specimen by using scanning electron microscopy–energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (SEM-EDX). Finally, data were analyzed using repeated-measures ANOVA with post-hoc Bonferroni correction.ResultsBoth cement types induced dentin remineralization as compared to Group 4. The Ca/P ratio was significantly higher in Group 2 than in Group 3 (p < 0.05).ConclusionThe dentin lesion remineralization capability of Biodentine is higher than that of GIC, suggesting the usefulness of the former as a bioactive dentin replacement material.Clinical relevanceBiodentine has a higher remineralization ability than that of GIC for carious dentin, and its interfacial properties make it a promising bioactive dentin restorative material.

Bioactive Patch for Rotator Cuff Repairing via Enhancing Tendon-to-Bone Healing: A Large Animal Study and Short-Term Outcome of a Clinical Trial.

Tissue engineering has demonstrated its efficacy in promoting tissue regeneration, and extensive research has explored its application in rotator cuff (RC) tears. However, there remains a paucity of research translating from bench to clinic. A key challenge in RC repair is the healing of tendon-bone interface (TBI), for which bioactive materials suitable for interface repair are still lacking. The umbilical cord (UC), which serves as a vital repository of bioactive components in nature, is emerging as an important source of tissue engineering materials. A minimally manipulated approach is used to fabricate UC scaffolds that retain a wealth of bioactive components and cytokines. The scaffold demonstrates the ability to modulate the TBI healing microenvironment by facilitating cell proliferation, migration, suppressing inflammation, and inducing chondrogenic differentiation. This foundation sets the stage for in vivo validation and clinical translation. Following implantation of UC scaffolds in the canine model, comprehensive assessments, including MRI and histological analysis confirm their efficacy in inducing TBI reconstruction. Encouraging short-term clinical results further suggest the ability of UC scaffolds to effectively enhance RC repair. This investigation explores the mechanisms underlying the promotion of TBI repair by UC scaffolds, providing key insights for clinical application and translational research.

Chitosan/PLGA-based tissue engineered nerve grafts with SKP-SC-EVs enhance sciatic nerve regeneration in dogs through miR-30b-5p-mediated regulation of axon growth

Extracellular vesicles from skin-derived precursor Schwann cells (SKP-SC-EVs) promote neurite outgrowth in culture and enhance peripheral nerve regeneration in rats. This study aimed at expanding the application of SKP-SC-EVs in nerve grafting by creating a chitosan/PLGA-based, SKP-SC-EVs-containing tissue engineered nerve graft (TENG) to bridge a 40-mm long sciatic nerve defect in dogs. SKP-SC-EVs contained in TENGs significantly accelerated the recovery of hind limb motor and electrophysiological functions, supported the outgrowth and myelination of regenerated axons, and alleviated the denervation-induced atrophy of target muscles in dogs. To clarify the underlying molecular mechanism, we observed that SKP-SC-EVs were rich in a variety of miRNAs linked to the axon growth of neurons, and miR-30b-5p was the most important among others. We further noted that miR-30b-5p contained within SKP-SC-EVs exerted nerve regeneration-promoting effects by targeting the Sin3a/HDAC complex and activating the phosphorylation of ERK, STAT3 or CREB. Our findings suggested that SKP-SC-EVs-incorporating TENGs represent a novel type of bioactive material with potential application for peripheral nerve repair in the clinic.

Chitosan and hyaluronic acid based injectable dual network hydrogels - Mediating antimicrobial and inflammatory modulation to promote healing of infected bone defects

In bone defects, infections lead to excessive inflammation, increased bacterial, and bone lysis, resulting in irregular wounds that hinder new bone regeneration. Injectable bioactive materials with adequate antimicrobial activity and strong osteogenic potential are urgently required to remedy irregular defects, eradicate bacteria, and facilitate the generation of new bone tissue. In this research, injectable dual-network composite hydrogels consisting of sulfated chitosan, oxidized hyaluronic acid, β-sodium glycerophosphate, and CuSr doped mesoporous bioactive glass loaded with bone morphogenetic protein (CuSrMBGBMP-2) were utilized for the first time to treat infectious bone defects. Initially, the hydrogel was injected into the wound at 37 °C with minimal invasion to establish a stable state and prevent hydrogel loss. Subsequently, sulfated chitosan eliminated bacteria at the wound site and facilitated cell proliferation with oxidized hyaluronic acid. Additionally, CuSrMBGBMP-2 strengthened antibacterial properties, regulated inflammatory reactions, promoted angiogenesis and osteogenic differentiation, addressing the deficiency in late-stage osteogenesis. Specifically, the injectable dual-network hydrogel based on chitosan and hyaluronic acid is minimally invasive, offering antibacterial, anti-inflammatory, pro-angiogenic, and bone regeneration properties. Therefore, this hydrogel with injectable dual network properties holds great promise for the treatment of bone infections in the future.

Nano‐Engineered Magnesium Implants for Magnetothermal Enhanced Pyroptosis to Boost Immunotherapy

Abstract Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is one of the leading contributors to cancer‐related death because the immunosuppressive tumor microenvironment (TME) limits its therapeutic efficacy. Gasdermin (GSDM)‐mediated pyroptosis is a new programmed cell death that can boost antitumor immune responses. However, inducing efficient pyroptosis to reverse the immunosuppressive TME is challenging. Herein, layered double hydroxide‐coated magnesium (Zn‐LDH@Mg) implants are designed and constructed as alternating magnetic field (AMF)‐activated pyroptosis inducers to induce highly effective pyroptosis in cancer cells. The powerful eddy‐thermal effects of Zn‐LDH@Mg implants markedly amplify pyroptosis in malignant cells through the Caspase‐1/GSDMD‐dependent canonical pathway. Moreover, Mg2+ and pyroptosis synergistically activate T cells (especially CD8+ T cells) and enhance the infiltration of immune‐supportive cells. This innovative strategy not only significantly suppresses the proliferation of the primary tumor but also stimulates the immune response to further enhance the efficacy of immune checkpoint inhibitors and impede the progression of distant tumors. This work not only emphasizes the importance of surface engineering strategies for the preparation of novel pyroptosis inducers but also highlights the effectiveness of the strategy in reversing the immunosuppressive TME to enhance immunotherapy, providing a new approach for the rational design of bioactive materials to increase the efficacy of immunotherapy.

Design of chemobrionic and biochemobrionic scaffolds for bone tissue engineering

Chemobrionic systems have attracted great attention in material science for development of novel biomimetic materials. This study aims to design a new bioactive material by integrating biosilica into chemobrionic structure, which will be called biochemobrionic, and to comparatively investigate the use of both chemobrionic and biochemobrionic materials as bone scaffolds. Biosilica, isolated from Amphora sp. diatom, was integrated into chemobrionic structure, and a comprehensive set of analysis was conducted to evaluate their morphological, chemical, mechanical, thermal, and biodegradation properties. Then, the effects of both scaffolds on cell biocompatibility and osteogenic differentiation capacity were assessed. Cells attached to the scaffolds, spread out, and covered the entire surface, indicating the absence of cytotoxicity. Biochemobrionic scaffold exhibited a higher level of mineralization and bone formation than the chemobrionic structure due to the osteogenic activity of biosilica. These results present a comprehensive and pioneering understanding of the potential of (bio)chemobrionics for bone regeneration.

Recent Advances in Bioactive Carbon Nanotubes Based on Polymer Composites for Biosensor Applications.

Recent breakthroughs in the field of carbon nanotubes (CNTs) have opened up unprecedented opportunities for the development of specialized bioactive CNT-polymers for a variety of biosensor applications. The incorporation of bioactive materials, including DNA, aptamers and antibodies, into CNTs to produce composites of bioactive CNTs has attracted considerable attention. In addition, polymers are essential for the development of biosensors as they provide biocompatible conditions and are the ideal matrix for the immobilization of proteins. The numerous applications of bioactive compounds combined with the excellent chemical and physical properties of CNTs have led to the development of bioactive CNT-polymer composites. This article provides a comprehensive overview of CNT-polymer composites and new approaches to encapsulate bioactive compounds and polymers in CNTs. Finally, biosensor applications of bioactive CNT-polymer for the detection of glucose, H2O2 and cholesterol were investigated. The surface of CNT-polymer facilitates the immobilization of bioactive molecules such as DNA, enzymes or antibodies, which in turn enables the construction of state-of-the-art, future-oriented biosensors.

Effect of 3D-printed polycaprolactone/osteolectin scaffolds on the odontogenic differentiation of human dental pulp cells

Cell-based tissue engineering often requires the use of scaffolds to provide a three-dimensional (3D) framework for cell proliferation and tissue formation. Polycaprolactone (PCL), a type of polymer, has good printability, favorable surface modifiability, adaptability, and biodegradability. However, its large-scale applicability is hindered by its hydrophobic nature, which affects biological properties. Composite materials can be created by adding bioactive materials to the polymer to improve the properties of PCL scaffolds. Osteolectin is an odontogenic factor that promotes the maintenance of the adult skeleton by promoting the differentiation of LepR+ cells into osteoblasts. Therefore, the aim of this study was to evaluate whether 3D-printed PCL/osteolectin scaffolds supply a suitable microenvironment for the odontogenic differentiation of human dental pulp cells (hDPCs). The hDPCs were cultured on 3D-printed PCL scaffolds with or without pores. Cell attachment and cell proliferation were evaluated using EZ-Cytox. The odontogenic differentiation of hDPCs was evaluated by alizarin red S staining and alkaline phosphatase assays. Western blot was used to evaluate the expression of the proteins DSPP and DMP-Results: The attachment of hDPCs to PCL scaffolds with pores was significantly higher than to PCL scaffolds without pores. The odontogenic differentiation of hDPCs was induced more in PCL/osteolectin scaffolds than in PCL scaffolds, but there was no statistically significant difference. 3D-printed PCL scaffolds with pores are suitable for the growth of hDPCs, and the PCL/osteolectin scaffolds can provide a more favorable microenvironment for the odontogenic differentiation of hDPCs.

Comparison of autologous platelet concentrates and topical steroids on oral lichen planus: a systematic review and meta-analysis

BackgroundOral lichen planus is a chronic and potentially malignant disorder of oral mucosa. Corticosteroids are used as first-line therapy for oral lichen planus patients; however, they have many side effects. Platelet concentrates (platelet-rich plasma and platelet-rich fibrin) are autologous bioactive materials. This systematic review investigated the effects of autologous platelet concentrates compared to topical steroids in treating symptomatic oral lichen planus patients.Materials and methodsA systematic literature search was performed in PubMed, Web of Science, Scopus, Embase, and Cochrane for randomized controlled trials. Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and meta-analysis guidelines were observed for article selection. For the pooling of studies, meta-analysis using Standardized Mean Differences by random effects model was carried out to estimate summary effect sizes for the treatment of oral lichen planus.ResultsA total of six studies, incorporating 109 oral lichen planus patients, were involved. Both treatment modalities showed a statistically significant improvement in the outcome parameters (lesion size, pain score, Thongprasom score) from the baseline to the end of treatment and further to the follow-up visits. There was no significant difference in the pooled estimate SMD of pain decline in patients of the two groups (SMD = 0.17 (95% CI: -0.47 to 0.81); I2 = 63.6%). The SMD of Thongprasom score in patients receiving autologous platelet concentrates was lower than the corticosteroid groups, with no significant effect size (SMD= -2.88 (95% CI: -5.51 to -0.25); I2 = 91.7%). Therefore, there was no statistically significant difference between the autologous platelet concentrates and topical steroids regarding pain and clinical score.ConclusionAutologous platelet concentrates, and topical steroids decreased the size of lesions, Thongprasom scale, and pain in oral lichen planus patients, but the difference between the two treatments was not statistically significant. Thus, autologous platelet concentrates could be considered as an alternative treatment to topical steroids.

Human dental pulp stem cells differentiation into odontoblast and osteoblast-like cells on scaffolds contain bioactive materials.

Epigenetic change has been found to play an important role in cell differentiation and regulation and the dental pulp stem cell in tissue engineering is gaining attention due to the ability of cells to differentiate into odontoblast and other cells. This study evaluated the influence of poly L- lactic acid with hydroxyapatite-coated with polyaniline scaffold (PLLA/HA/PANI) on dental pulp stem cell (DPSC) proliferation and differentiation. After scaffold preparation and DPSCs seeding, the cells proliferation and differentiation were evaluated by immunocytochemistry assay and cell viability was measured by cytotoxicity / MTT assay. The results showed (PLLA/HA/PANI) scaffold facilitates DPSC proliferation and differentiation with gene expression. This finding underscores the promise of this biomaterial combination as a scaffold for dental tissue regeneration and application.

Dentin Collagen versus Er:YAG Laser as Surface Biomodifiers for Intact Root Slices Simulating Delayed Replanted Roots.

Objective: To evaluate effects of dentin collagen versus Er:YAG laser application through enhancing human periodontal ligament fibroblast (PDLF) cells to attach to intact root surfaces imitating delayed replanted roots. Background Data: Accidental traumatic injuries with teeth avulsion are managed by replantation. Root resorption, poor conditioning, and non-viable fibroblasts are factors responsible for failure. Methods: Thirty six human healthy single-rooted premolars were collected. Six teeth were used for PDLF, six teeth used for dentin collagen, whereas the remaining 24 teeth (48 root slices) were used for PDLF cell density and morphology. Each root was soaked in 5.25% NaOCl. Three groups (n = 16 slices/each) were planned as follows: I: Control (untreated); II: dentin collagen application; III: Er:YAG laser irradiation (4 mm distance, 40 mJ/pulse, under coolant). Following incubation, cell density and morphology of PDLF were investigated under SEM. Statistical analysis was performed using analysis of variance with Scheffé's test, and p < 0.05 was considered significant. Results: All groups showed increased cultured PDLF following incubation. Regarding cell density, attached PDLFs were significantly lower in untreated controls (36.5 ± 6.36) (p < 0.00001 i.e., <0.05) in negative empty and/or light cellular areas, compared with dentin collagen (65 ± 6) and laser-irradiated (66.75 ± 5.77) groups that did not show significant differences (p = 0.940 i.e., >0.05) and showed intermediate and/or heavy cellular areas. Regarding cell morphology, controls showed round and/or oval appearance with less lamellipodia, whereas dentin collagen and laser groups showed flat morphology with cytoplasmic processes. Conclusions: Both dentin collagen and Er:YAG laser showed comparable effectiveness as biomodification tools with good biocompatibility for human PDLF cell attachment on intact root slices imitating delayed replantation. Dentin collagen as a natural bioactive material is considered an alternative to Er:YAG laser to enhance the regenerative effects.

Mesoporous Silicon with Strontium-Powered Poly(Lactic-Co-Glycolic acid)/Gelatin-Based Dressings Facilitate Skin Tissue Repair.

Functional inorganic nanomaterials (NMs) are widely exploited as bioactive materials and drug depots. The lack of a stable form of application of NMs at the site of skin injury, may impede the removal of the debridement, elevate pH, induce tissue toxicity, and limit their use in skin repair. This necessitates the advent of innovative wound dressings that overcome the above limitations. The overarching objective of this study was to exploit strontium-doped mesoporous silicon particles (PSiSr) to impart multifunctionality to poly(lactic-co-glycolic acid)/gelatin (PG)-based fibrous dressings (PG@PSiSr) for excisional wound management. Mesoporous silicon particles (PSi) and PSiSr were synthesized using a chemo-synthetic approach. Both PSi and PSiSr were incorporated into PG fibers using electrospinning. A series of structure, morphology, pore size distribution, and cumulative pH studies on the PG@PSi and PG@PSiSr membranes were performed. Cytocompatibility, hemocompatibility, transwell migration, scratch wound healing, and delineated angiogenic properties of these composite dressings were tested in vitro. The biocompatibility of composite dressings in vivo was assessed by a subcutaneous implantation model of rats, while their potential for wound healing was discerned by implantation in a full-thickness excisional defect model of rats. The PG@PSiSr membranes can afford the sustained release of silicon ions (Si4+) and strontium ions (Sr2+) for up to 192 h as well as remarkably promote human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs) and NIH-3T3 fibroblasts migration. The PG@PSiSr membranes also showed better cytocompatibility, hemocompatibility, and significant formation of tubule-like networks of HUVECs in vitro. Moreover, PG@PSiSr membranes also facilitated the infiltration of host cells and promoted the deposition of collagen while reducing the accumulation of inflammatory cells in a subcutaneous implantation model in rats as assessed for up to day 14. Further evaluation of membranes transplanted in a full-thickness excisional wound model in rats showed rapid wound closure (PG@SiSr vs control, 96.1% vs 71.7%), re-epithelialization, and less inflammatory response alongside skin appendages formation (eg, blood vessels, glands, hair follicles, etc.). To sum up, we successfully fabricated PSiSr particles and prepared PG@PSiSr dressings using electrospinning. The PSiSr-mediated release of therapeutic ions, such as Si4+ and Sr2+, may improve the functionality of PLGA/Gel dressings for an effective wound repair, which may also have implications for the other soft tissue repair disciplines.

Fabrication of pH-stimuli hydrogel as bioactive materials for wound healing applications

Hydrogels exhibit exceptional suitability as wound dressing due to their remarkable three-dimensional (3D) characteristics. Here, we have reported the fabrication of hydrogels from biopolymers carboxymethyl cellulose (CMC), polyvinyl alcohol (PVA), and gelatin via a simple blending method to mimic the natural extracellular matrix. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM), water contact meters (WCM), and Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) were used to evaluate the chemical structural, morphological, and wettability behavior. The wetting and degradation behavior were also found to be different for different formulations (Min. (51.60o) and Max. (113.60o)) and (Min. (38.82 mg) and Max. (3.72 mg)), respectively. Swelling was investigated in different media, including phosphate buffer saline solution (PBS) and aqueous media. It was observed that the hydrogel displayed the highest degree of swelling in an aqueous medium (Min. (597.32–1121.49 %) and Max. (1089.51–2139.73 %)) compared to PBS media (Min. (567.01–1021.85 %) and Max. (899.13–1639.17 %)). The release of Neomycin was studied in a PBS medium via the Franz diffusion method at 37 °C. The maximal release in various media demonstrated pH-responsive behavior. The viability and proliferation of fibroblast (3T3) cell lines were examined in vitro to evaluate cytocompatibility. Human Embryonic Kidney (HEK) 293 cells were used to evaluate the hydrogels' ability to promote vascularization and angiogenesis. Therefore, the data demonstrate that hydrogels that have been manufactured have qualities that make them promising for use as wound dressings in wound healing applications.

Design of a new palladium(ii) halide complex as a bio-active material: synthesis, physico-chemical studies, DFT-computations and evaluation of anti-inflammatory, antioxidant and anti-gastric damage activities.

Colorless single crystals of the zero-dimensional hybrid compound, (C6H10N2)2[PdCl6]·2H2O were acquired through the slow evaporation technique. The crystal structure was explored using SC-XRD, which demonstrates that the material crystallizes in the centrosymmetric space group P1̄ of the triclinic system. The density functional theory method at the B3LYP/Lan2mb basis set level was employed to establish the optimized geometry and vibrational frequencies of the title compound. An acceptable correspondence was observed between the results obtained through calculation and the experimental data, including the structure, and IR spectra. The optical characteristics revealed a direct band gap energy of 2.35 eV, validating the semiconductor characteristics of this new material. The results suggest strong agreement with the experimental data and validate the involvement of metal orbitals in defining the HOMO-LUMO boundary. Simultaneous TGA-DTA shows that this material remains solid up to 210 °C. Beyond these temperatures, a gradual decomposition process occurs, extending up to 440 °C and unfolding in several steps. This process entails the liberation of diverse compounds, encompassing organic molecules, and the evaporation of chlorine ions, ultimately leading to the formation of palladium oxide (PdO) as the final product. When given to rats with gastric ulcers at a dose of 100 mg kg-1, these compounds inhibit the key enzyme responsible for neutrophil infiltration as myeloperoxidase (MPO) by 38.7%. The compound also alleviates cellular damage induced by free radicals, demonstrated by a notable 48.3% decrease in thiobarbituric acid reactive substance rates (TBARS) compared to untreated rats. Additionally, these compounds bring about a substantial 30.6% reduction in the surface area of ulcers.