Composition Of Bioactive Compounds Research Articles

Determination of the Effects of Bee Venom on Triple Negative Breast Cancer Cells in Vitro.

Honeybees provide multiple products such as bee venom (BV) which are used for various nutritional and medicinal purposes. BV has received great attention due to its wide range of bioactive components with potential anti-cancer effects on different cancers. Triple negative breast cancer (TNBC) is defined as an aggressive type of breast cancer and new therapeutic targets are required for its treatment. In the current literature information is varied about the composition and quantity of BV bioactive compounds as well as the origin of BV and its significance. In this context, the cytotoxic and apoptotic effects of BV with a higher rate of mellitin from Apis mellifera anatoliaca (Muğla ecotype) on MDA-MB-231 cells was evaluated, in vitro. The cytotoxic, apoptotic and morphological effects of BV were determined by WST-1, Annexin V, cell cycle analysis and Acridine Orange staining. The results showed that BV caused apoptotic cell death in TNBC cells at a lower dose (0.47 μg/mL, p<0.01). This study suggests that BV could be developed as a potential therapeutic agent for cancer treatment. However, the mechanism of BV-induced apoptosis death should be clarified at the molecular level.

Bioactive Compounds of Verbascum sinuatum L.: Health Benefits and Potential as New Ingredients for Industrial Applications

Verbascum sinuatum (V. sinuatum) is a plant belonging to the Scrophulariaceae family that has been used as an ingredient in traditional medicine infusions for the treatment of many diseases. The aerial part of this plant is a source of bioactive compounds, especially polyphenols and iridoids. Moreover, antioxidant activity studies have shown that V. sinuatum phenolic and flavonoid composition is higher than those in other plants of the same genus. V. sinuatum bioactive compound composition could vary according to the harvesting location, growing conditions of the plants, sample preparation methods, type and concentration of the extraction solvent, and the extraction methods. The obtention of these compounds can be achieved by different extraction techniques, most commonly, maceration, heat assisted extraction, and infusion. Nevertheless, since conventional extraction techniques have several drawbacks such as long times of extraction or use of large amounts of solvents, the use of green extraction techniques is suggested, without affecting the efficiency of the extraction. Moreover, V. sinuatum bioactive compounds have several biological activities, such as antioxidant, anticancer, cardiovascular, antimicrobial, antidiabetic, and neuroprotective activities, that may be increased by encapsulation. Since the bioactive compounds extracted from V. sinuatum present good potential as functional food ingredients and in the development of drugs or cosmetics, this review gives an approach of the possible incorporation of these compounds in the food and pharmacological industries.

Influence of harvesting dates and genotypes on secondary metabolites status and antioxidant activity in Lawsonia inermis L. (Henna)

The composition and concentration of bioactive compounds and minerals in henna (Lawsonia inermis L.) can be considerably affected by harvesting date and genotype; whereas, less information is available regarding these factors. This study was performed as a split-plot design based on randomized complete block design (RCBD) with three replications (n = 3). Experimental treatments consisted of three harvest dates (May, July, and October) as the main plot and five genotypes (Kahnooj, Bam, Jiroft, Qale gang, and Zehekalut) as sub-plot over two years of 2019 and 2020. According to results, harvesting dates significantly affected secondary metabolites such as lawsone, flavonoid, tannin (p < 0.01), and antioxidant activity in terms of DPPH (p < 0.05). The interactive effect of harvest date × genotypes indicated that Bam × July recorded the maximum of lawsone (90.56 μg/ml). Additionally, the highest level of phenolic compounds was achieved under the interaction effect of Kahnooj × October (160.1 μg/g Gallic acid/DM). Bam × July × year (2019) showed the maximum of lawsone and flavonoid (94.59 μg/ml and 98.04 μg Catechin/g DM, respectively), also, Bam × October × 2019 produced the highest tannin level (13.03 mg catechin/100 ml E). Furthermore, there was a positive correlation between tannin, anthocyanin, and flavonoid with lawsone, while phenol, antioxidant activity (DPPH, RP) was negatively correlated with lawsone. Regardless of harvest date, the highest lawsone, anthocyanin, and flavonoid content in 2019 was obtained in Bam genotype. Overall, this study suggests that July can be the optimum date for harvesting of Bam genotype regarding to the quality characteristics (lawsone and flavonoid).

Effect of Storage Conditions on the Stability of Polyphenols of Apple and Strawberry Purees Produced at Industrial Scale by Different Processing Techniques.

During a food product's life, storage conditions affect its composition of nutrients, bioactive compounds, and sensory attributes. In this research, strawberry and apple purees were selected as a model to examine how the storage of various purees industrially produced with different technologies affect the bioactive phenolic compounds, color, and sensory attributes. Specifically, fruit products processed on an industrial scale by different technologies including freezing, thermal treatment (mild and standard), and high-pressure processing were studied, as well as storage for up to 12 months at -20, 4, and 24 °C. In strawberry puree, storage conditions had a stronger impact on phenolic compound levels, particularly on anthocyanins, whereas in apple puree, the initial processing techniques exerted a greater influence than storage conditions, mainly caused by the hot or cold crushing processes. In general, proanthocyanidins were the major phenolic group and the most stable during storage, while anthocyanins were the group most affected by both processing and storage. Apple flavonols and dihydrochalcones were quite stable, while strawberry ellagitannins suffered higher degradations during storage. Through our analysis, it is found that during storage, the stability of polyphenols in each fruit is different, and processing and storage can be either detrimental or even beneficial. The selection of the ideal storage conditions (time and temperature) is a key factor to maintaining the polyphenol content in sensitive fruits such as strawberries. However, storage conditions are in some cases more important to minimizing the polyphenol losses than how the product is processed.

Potential Health Benefits of Banana Phenolic Content during Ripening by Implementing Analytical and In Silico Techniques.

Banana ranks as the fifth most cultivated agricultural crop globally, highlighting its crucial socio-economic role. The banana's health-promoting benefits are correlated with its composition in bioactive compounds, such as phenolic compounds. Thus, the present study attempts to evaluate the potential health benefits of banana phenolic content by combing analytical and in silico techniques. Particularly, the total phenolic content and antioxidant/antiradical activity of banana samples during ripening were determined spectrophotometrically. In parallel, liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS) analysis was implemented to unravel the variations in the phenolic profile of banana samples during ripening. Chlorogenic acid emerged as a ripening marker of banana, while apigenin and naringenin were abundant in the unripe fruit. In a further step, the binding potential of the elucidated phytochemicals was examined by utilizing molecular target prediction tools. Human carbonic anhydrase II (hCA-II) and XII (hCA-XII) enzymes were identified as the most promising targets and the inhibitory affinity of phenolic compounds was predicted through molecular docking studies. This class of enzymes is linked to a variety of pathological conditions, such as edema, obesity, hypertension, cancer, etc. The results assessment indicated that all assigned phenolic compounds constitute great candidates with potential inhibitory activity against CA enzymes.

Butylene Glycol Used as a Sustainable Solvent for Extracting Bioactive Compounds from Camellia sinensis Flowers with Ultrasound-Assisted Extraction.

The research aims to assess the yield of bioactive compounds and their antioxidant activities obtained from tea flowers using an ultrasound-assisted extraction method with butylene glycol (BG-UAE) through Box-Behnken design. It investigates the bioactive compounds including the total phenolic content (TPC), total flavonoid content (TFC), and total tannin content (TTC) and analyzes their antioxidant activities, bioactive compound composition by liquid chromatography triple quadrupole tandem mass spectrometry, and their cellular activities via UAE and maceration using BG or ethanol as the solvent. Under optimal conditions, the values of the TPC, TFC, TTC, 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazil radical scavenging assay, 2,2'-azino-bis-3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulphonic acid radical scavenging assay, and ferric reducing antioxidant power assay (FRAP) of the BG-UAE extract were 54.00 ± 1.19 mg GAE/g sample, 291.47 ± 3.34 mg QE/g sample, 65.37 ± 1.78 mg TAE/g sample, 106.45 ± 1.21 mg TEAC/g sample, 163.58 ± 2.76 mg TEAC/g sample, and 121.31 ± 4.75 mg FeSO4/g sample, respectively. Except for FRAP, BG-UAE exhibited the highest values in all parameters compared to the other extraction methods. Catechins and caffeine were predominantly detected in tea flower extracts through UAE with BG and ethanol (EtOH-UAE). BG-UAE exhibited greater cell viability and cellular antioxidant activity than EtOH-UAE. The researcher expects that this research will contribute to the emergence of a green extraction technique that will offer larger functional components with economic and environmental benefits and minimal chemicals and energy use.

Integration of high-throughput omics technologies in medicinal plant research: The new era of natural drug discovery.

Medicinal plants are natural sources to unravel novel bioactive compounds to satisfy human pharmacological potentials. The world's demand for herbal medicines is increasing year by year; however, large-scale production of medicinal plants and their derivatives is still limited. The rapid development of modern technology has stimulated multi-omics research in medicinal plants, leading to a series of breakthroughs on key genes, metabolites, enzymes involved in biosynthesis and regulation of active compounds. Here, we summarize the latest research progress on the molecular intricacy of medicinal plants, including the comparison of genomics to demonstrate variation and evolution among species, the application of transcriptomics, proteomics and metabolomics to explore dynamic changes of molecular compounds, and the utilization of potential resources for natural drug discovery. These multi-omics research provide the theoretical basis for environmental adaptation of medicinal plants and allow us to understand the chemical diversity and composition of bioactive compounds. Many medicinal herbs' phytochemical constituents and their potential health benefits are not fully explored. Given their large diversity and global distribution as well as the impacts of growth duration and environmental factors on bioactive phytochemicals in medicinal plants, it is crucial to emphasize the research needs of using multi-omics technologies to address basic and applied problems in medicinal plants to aid in developing new and improved medicinal plant resources and discovering novel medicinal ingredients.

Komposisi Nutrisi, Kandungan Senyawa Bioaktif dan Uji Hedonik Kue Tepung Ubi Ungu (Ipomoea batatas cultivar Ayamurasaki) Fermentasi

Purple sweet potato (Ipomoea batatas cultivar Ayamurasaki) is one of the most abundant tropical food crops in Indonesia. Purple sweet potato has a very feasible potential to be considered in supporting a food diversification program based on flour products. The purpose of this study was to determine the nutritional composition and content of bioactive compounds in cakes made from processed purple sweet potatoes without and with fermentation. The cake microstructure was observed and documented using a SEM (Scanning Electro Microscopy) microscope. Organoleptic preference test was done in hedonic form (like or dislike) on taste, aroma, texture and color. Data were analyzed using SPSS software with ANOVA analysis. The nutritional results of the fermented purple sweet potato cake increased in the content of carbohydrates, fat, ash, dietary fiber, amylose, amylopectin while the protein and water content decreased. The result of the content of bioactive compounds from purple sweet potato cake with fermentation was an increase in the content of antioxidants, flavonoids while the content of polyphenols decreased. SEM results from purple sweet potato cake crumbs without and with different fermentation. The hedonic test results in terms of taste, aroma, and texture of cakes with flour without fermentation are preferred, while in terms of color without and with fermentation cakes are equally preferred.

Nutritivni sastav i bioaktivna svojstva integralnog brašna dobijenog od inbred linija kukuruza

The aim of this study was to assess the chemical composition and bioactive properties of the wholegrain flour obtained from eleven maize inbred lines to identify genotypes with increased potential for the development of hybrids with high nutritional and functional value, suitable for food production. The maize inbreds, including seven standard yellow, two QPM (quality protein maize) and two lines for red kernel hybrids, were grown in the experimental field of the Maize Research Institute at the location of Zemun Polje, Serbia. Wholegrain maize flour was got by grinding the maize grain in a laboratory mill. The assessment of the chemical composition and content of certain bioactive compounds, as well as the total antioxidant capacity, was conducted using standard laboratory procedures. The highest starch content (73.73%) was determined in line L8, while line L10 had the highest protein content (12.82%). Among soluble proteins, the a-zein fraction was dominant in most of the lines, ranging from 0.92% to 3.57%. The highest content of total fibres (NDF) was determined in red kernel line L9 (15.77%). Line L8 was the richest in total carotenoids (21.08 mg bCE/g d.m.), while line L7 had the highest total antioxidant capacity (34.30 mmol Trolox/kg d.m.), which can be explained by the presence of anthocyanins in the red grain. Line L1 had the highest content of total sugars (3.36%), and line L4 had the lowest (1.44%). Most of the samples of inbred lines investigated in this study showed good quality parameters regarding chemical composition and bioactive properties. The obtained results may provide some valuable guidelines needed in the following stages of maize breeding and open up various possibilities for the utilization of wholegrain maize flour in the food industry.

Bioactive compounds in Argo-industrial waste: A review on the prospects for the application in aquaculture

The agro-industry generates a large amount of waste. This waste represents a source of contamination of soil, air, and bodies of water. This represents a problem for the environment as well as for public health. However, this waste is an important source of bioactive compounds, such as phenolic compounds, terpenes, β-glucans etc. These compounds have certain biological activities that are associated with improvements in health. An approach of using these bioactive compounds as food additives for aquaculture have been addressed, where it is sought that organisms, in addition to growing, preserve their health and become disease resistant. The use of agro-industrial waste as a source of bioactive compounds for aquaculture provide an added value to production chains, reduce pollution, and improve the well-being of organisms through nutrition. The composition of bioactive compounds of agro-industrial wastes and their application in aquaculture is addressed in this paper.

Daily activities of the Klanceng bee (Tetragonula laeviceps, Smith 1857) and bee-pollen feed diversity and composition of propolis bioactive compounds from Turi, Sleman, Yogyakarta

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Antioxidant activity of fruit jellies enriched with phytochemicals from Pinus sylvestris L.

The aim of this study was to examine the antioxidant properties of fruit jellies made from concentrated fruit juice with the addition of bioactive compounds acquired from young pine shoots. The scope of work included: determination of the optimal extraction temperature of bioactive compounds with the use of concentrated apple juice as an osmotic agent, preparation of jellies from obtained extract, as well as analysis of the phytochemical and antioxidant activity of jellies using S. cerevisiae as a model organism. The study showed that concentrated apple juice can be a good extractant of bioactive ingredients contained in young pine shoots. However, it has been demonstrated that the recovery efficiency of these components is dependent on the process temperature. The most efficient extraction of phytochemicals can be achieved by conducting the process at 60 °C. The jellies made from the extract showed high antioxidant activity which was closely correlated with the amount of raw material used. In addition, the composition of bioactive compounds presented in the jellies reduced the level of oxidative stress in yeast cells treated with H2O2, which was demonstrated by lower intracellular ROS and lower SOD activity. The result was reduced cytotoxicity of hydrogen peroxide and increased cell viability.

Effect of agro-industrial by-products on inflammation and oxidative stress using an in vitro cell model

Abstract Agro-industrial by-products can play an important role in the animal feeding, being an alternative to conventional raw materials. These two wastes can be considered as important sources of bioactive compounds that can be used in animal feed with multiple benefits for animal health. This study has investigated the anti-inflammatory and anti-oxidant in vitro capacity of grape seed and sea buckthorn meals, as waste resulted from the oil industry in order to be used in swine nutrition. The in vitro study was realised on swine peripheral blood mononuclear cells challenged with LPS and treated or not with grape seed meal and sea buckthorn meal extracts. Our results show that both extracts have the capacity to attenuate the inflammation and oxidative stress induced by LPS. The effect induced by the grape seed meal extract was in majority of cases more important than of the sea buckthorn, this effect might be due to a different composition in bioactive compounds (polyphenols, PUFA etc) of the two extracts.

Profiling of Nutritionally Vital Bioactive Compounds in Emerging Green Leafy Vegetables: A Comparative Study.

Green leafy vegetables (GLVs), especially lettuce and spinach, are the key source of bioactive antioxidants in a diet. This research compared the contents and composition of lettuce and spinach bioactive compounds with emerging GLVs, moringa and fenugreek. Liquid chromatography (LC)-mass spectrometry (MS) with single ion monitoring (SIM) was used to examine carotenoids and tocols, while phytosterols were examined using gas chromatography (GC)-MS. Among the studied GLVs, the (all-E)-lutein was the most dominating carotenoid ranging between 31.3 (green/red lettuce)−45.3 % (fenugreek) of total carotenoids, followed by (all-E)-violaxanthin and (all-E)-β-carotene. Surprisingly, (all-E)-β-carotene, a provitamin A carotenoid, was the second most dominating carotenoid in moringa, accounting for 109.2 µg/g fresh weight (FW). Moreover, the significantly highest (p < 0.05; Tukey HSD) contents of total carotenoids (473.3 µg/g FW), α-tocopherol (83.7 µg/g FW), and total phytosterols (206.4 µg/g FW) were recorded in moringa. Therefore, moringa foliage may serve as an affordable source of nutritionally vital constituents in a diet.

Effects of Extraction Methods on the Bioactivities and Nutritional Value of Virginia and Valencia-Type Peanut Oil.

This study aimed to evaluate the effects of peanut varieties cultivated in Morocco (Virginia and Valencia) and extraction methods (cold press, CP; Soxhlet, Sox and maceration, and Mac) on the fatty acid profile, phytosterol, and tocopherol contents, quality characteristics, and antioxidant potential of peanut seed oil. The DPPH method was used to determine the antioxidant activity of the oils. The results revealed that fatty acid content was slightly affected by the extraction technique. However, the CP method was shown to be an excellent approach for extracting oil with desirable quality features compared to the Sox and Mac methods. Furthermore, the peanut oil extracted via CP carried a higher amount of bioactive compounds and exhibited remarkable antioxidant activities. The findings also revealed higher oleic acid levels from the Virginia oil, ranging from 56.46% to 56.99%. Besides, a higher total phytosterol and tocopherol content and DPPH scavenging capacity were obtained from the Valencia oil. Analyzing the study, it can be inferred that extraction method and variety both affect the composition of the peanut oil's bioactive compounds and antioxidant activity. This information is relevant for extracting peanut oil with a greater level of compounds of industrial interest.

LC-MS/MS based metabolite profiling and lipase enzyme inhibitory activity of Kaempferia angustifolia Rosc. with different extracting solvents

Kaempferia angustifolia also known as kunci pepet in Indonesia, has been widely used as a traditional medicine to treat cold, cough, stomachache, diarrhea, fever, and dysentery, also used as a slimming agent. The level of biological activity depends on the composition and concentration of bioactive compounds present in the plants. In addition, extraction solvents affects the composition and concentration of bioactive compounds. Therefore, this study aimed at identifying the metabolite profile of K. angustifolia and to evaluate the inhibitory potential of their various solvent extracts towards lipase enzyme. Extracts were prepared using water and different concentration of ethanol (30–99%) and then analyzed their metabolite profile using LC-MS/MS. Lipase inhibitory activity was assessed using in vitro enzymatic inhibition assay. In this study, profile of K. angustifolia was shown to be rich in terpenoids (monoterpenoids, sesquiterpenoids, diterpenoids), and phenolics (carboxylic acid and phenolic acid). Most of the identified compounds were detected in ethanol extract of K. angustifolia . The ethanol extract at 100 μg/mL displayed 59.82% inhibitory activity towards lipase and was found to have the highest inhibitory activity compared to the other extracts. A partial least square-discriminant analysis (PLS-DA) was performed for clustering the extracts based on the peak area of 53 putatively identified compounds. Based on the result obtained, 50% ethanol extract is the best extract that gives the highest inhibition results and 15 metabolites were identified, mainly from the carboxylic acid and terpenoid groups.

Role of biostimulants in mitigating the effects of climate change on crop performance.

Climate change is a critical yield-limiting factor that has threatened the entire global crop production system in the present scenario. The use of biostimulants in agriculture has shown tremendous potential in combating climate change-induced stresses such as drought, salinity, temperature stress, etc. Biostimulants are organic compounds, microbes, or amalgamation of both that could regulate plant growth behavior through molecular alteration and physiological, biochemical, and anatomical modulations. Their nature is diverse due to the varying composition of bioactive compounds, and they function through various modes of action. To generate a successful biostimulatory action on crops under different parameters, a multi-omics approach would be beneficial to identify or predict its outcome comprehensively. The 'omics' approach has greatly helped us to understand the mode of action of biostimulants on plants at cellular levels. Biostimulants acting as a messenger in signal transduction resembling phytohormones and other chemical compounds and their cross-talk in various abiotic stresses help us design future crop management under changing climate, thus, sustaining food security with finite natural resources. This review article elucidates the strategic potential and prospects of biostimulants in mitigating the adverse impacts of harsh environmental conditions on plants.

TEMPO DE COLHEITA COMO MODULADOR DE FITOQUÍMICOS EM CULTIVARES DE BATATA DOCE PARA A INDÚSTRIA

ABSTRACT As a fresh food, sweet potatoes are highlighted for their taste and appearance. In the industry, they are valued for their starch and sugar content. In both scenarios, much attention has been given to the composition of bioactive compounds. The application of abiotic stresses seems to induce an overproduction of these compounds in some vegetables. The objective was to examine the influence of harvest time on the synthesis and accumulation of bioactive compounds in varieties of minimally processed sweet potatoes with different flesh colors. Sweet potato cultivars (Beterraba, Jerimum, Mãe de Família Roxa, and BRS Cuia) were harvested at 120, 150, and 180 days after planting, then subjected to minimal processing and stored at 5 ºC for 10 days. The most recommended time for harvesting sweet potatoes in semi-arid conditions for minimal processing by the industry is between 150 and 180 days. This is the period when the sweet potatoes exhibit the best quality for fresh consumption, as detected in ‘Mãe de Família Roxa’ and ‘Jerimum’. ‘BRS Cuia’ harvested at 120 days showed the highest phenolic compound levels, the highest polyphenol oxidase and peroxidase enzyme activities, and the most intense browning symptoms. In addition to its starch content, it can be used as a raw material for the extraction of phenolic compounds of interest. ‘Beterraba’ showed low sugar values, rendering them unfavorable for fresh consumption or minimal processing. However, this cultivar also exhibited a high content of carotenoids, making them bio-factories for the food and pharmaceutical industries.

Starfish (Asterias rubens) as a New Source of Marine Lipids: Effect of Season, Size and Oil Extraction Methods.

The increasing demand for oils that contain health-beneficial omega-3 fatty acids calls for new resources or better utilization of existing resources, such as side-streams or underutilized resources to maintain a sustainable fishery. Starfish has been, until recently, an unexploited resource with limited utilization. Currently, starfish is processed into starfish meal for feed. However, the content of bioactive compounds, such as omega-3 fatty acids and phospholipids, could make it a new source of marine oil containing omega-3 fatty acids for human consumption. The aim of this study was to map the composition of bioactive compounds in starfish and starfish meal at different harvesting times to elucidate the content and variation over seasons. The results showed that starfish is a good source of marine omega-3 fatty acids and rich in phospholipids. Some variation was observed in the composition, especially for EPA bound to phospholipids, which was significantly higher in the spring. Traditional extraction using heat and mechanical separation was not applicable to the starfish, and neither was enzyme-assisted extraction. On the other hand, the supercritical CO2 extraction method using EtOH as a co-solvent seemed to be a promising green technology for extracting not only non-polar lipids, but also polar lipids, such as phospholipids. However, the conditions for extraction need further optimization.

Tryptamine, a Microbial Metabolite in Fermented Rice Bran Suppressed Lipopolysaccharide-Induced Inflammation in a Murine Macrophage Model.

Fermentation is thought to alter the composition and bioavailability of bioactive compounds in rice bran. However, how this process affects the anti-inflammatory effects of rice bran and the bioactive compounds that might participate in this function is yet to be elucidated. This study aimed to isolate bioactive compounds in fermented rice bran that play a key role in its anti-inflammatory function. The fermented rice bran was fractionated using a succession of solvent and solid-phase extractions. The fermented rice bran fractions were then applied to lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-activated murine macrophages to evaluate their anti-inflammatory activity. The hot water fractions (FRBA), 50% ethanol fractions (FRBB), and n-hexane fractions (FRBC) were all shown to be able to suppress the pro-inflammatory cytokine expression from LPS-stimulated RAW 264.7 cells. Subsequent fractions from the hot water fraction (FRBF and FRBE) were also able to reduce the inflammatory response of these cells to LPS. Further investigation revealed that tryptamine, a bacterial metabolite of tryptophan, was abundantly present in these extracts. These results indicate that tryptamine may play an important role in the anti-inflammatory effects of fermented rice bran. Furthermore, the anti-inflammatory effects of FRBE and tryptamine may depend on the activity of the aryl hydrocarbon receptor.