Biosynthesized Silver Research Articles

Study of silver nanoparticles synthesized by acidophilic strain of Actinobacteria isolated from the of Picea sitchensis forest soil.

In the present work the acidophilic actinobacteria strain was used as a novel reducing agent for the cheap, green and single-step synthesis of nanostructure silver particles. Structural, morphological and optical properties of the synthesized nanoparticles have been characterized by spectroscopy, dynamic light scattering and electron microscopy approach. The antimicrobial activity of silver nanoparticles against clinical strains such as Staphylococcus aureus, Bacillus subtilis, Escherichia coli, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Klebsiella pneumoniae, Proteus mirabilis and Salmonella infantis alone and in combination with antibiotics were studied. The crystalline and stable biosynthesized silver nanoparticles ranged in size from 4 to 45 nm and were mostly spherical in shape being characterized evolving several analytical techniques. The bioAgNPs inhibited growth of most bacterial strains. The highest antimicrobial activity was observed against Ps. aeruginosa (10 mm), followed by Staph. aureus, B. subtilis and Pr. mirabilis (all 8 mm). The lower activity was noticed for E. coli and Kl. pneumoniae (6 and 2 mm, respectively). Moreover, the synergistic effect of bio(AgNPs) with various commercially available antibiotics was also evaluated. The most significant results were observed for bio(AgNPs) combined with tetracycline, kanamycin, ampicillin and neomycin, followed by streptomycin and gentamycin against E. coli, Salm. infantis and Kl. pneumoniae. The most resistant bacteria to commercial antibiotics was Pr. mirabilis. The Streptacidiphilus sp. strain CGG11n isolated from acidic soil can be used to efficiently synthesize the bioactive nanoparticles using inexpensive substances in an eco-friendly and nontoxic manner. The present work provides helpful insight into the development of new antimicrobial agents with the synergistic enhancement of the antibacterial mechanism against pathogenic micro-organisms. The synthesized silver bionanoparticles from Streptacidiphilus sp. strain CGG11n possess potent inhibitory effect that offers valuable contribution to pharmaceutical associations.

Antimicrobial activity of biosilver nanoparticles produced by a novel Streptacidiphilus durhamensis strain.

In this study, an acidophilic actinobacteria strain was used as a novel reducing agent for a single-step synthesis of nanostructure silver particles. We used a Streptacidiphilus durhamensis HGG16n isolate for efficient synthesis of bioactive silver nanoparticles [bio(AgNPs)] in an inexpensive, eco-friendly, and nontoxic manner. The obtained bio(AgNPs) exhibited unique physicochemical and biochemical properties. Structural, morphological, and optical properties of the synthesized biocolloids were characterized by spectroscopy, dynamic light scattering, and electron microscopy approaches. The antimicrobial activity was evaluated using the well- and disc-diffusion methods. The obtained crystalline structure and stable biosynthesized silver nanoparticles ranged in size from 8nm to 48nm and were mostly spherical in shape. Antimicrobial assays of the silver nanoparticles against pathogenic bacteria showed the highest antimicrobial activity against Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Staphylococcus aureus, and Proteus mirabilis, followed by Escherichia coli, Klebsiella pneumoniae, and Bacillus subtilis. Moreover, the synergistic effect of bio(AgNPs) with various commercially available antibiotics was also evaluated. These results provide insight into the development of new antimicrobial agents along with synergistic enhancement of the antibacterial mechanism against clinical bacteria.

Visible light-induced photodegradation of methylene blue and reduction of 4-nitrophenol to 4-aminophenol over bio-synthesized silver nanoparticles

ABSTRACTSilver nanoparticles are synthesized by an eco-friendly protocol using Litchi chinensis fruit juice as a reducing and capping agent. UV-vis spectroscopy (SPR band around 447 nm), XRD (crystallinity), HRTEM (size and morphology), EDS (elemental composition) and FTIR (surface functionalities) were used to characterize silver nanoparticles. They are highly dispersed, mostly spherical with an average size of 10 nm. The prepared nanoparticles exhibited rapid reduction of 4-nitro phenol to 4-amino phenol (K = 0.09/min) and photodegradation of methylene blue (K = 0.0335/min) under visible light. The prepared nanoparticles could be an excellent candidate for the separation of hazardous materials.

Butea monosperma bark extract mediated green synthesis of silver nanoparticles: Characterization and biomedical applications

The work deals with an environmentally benign process for the synthesis of silver nanoparticle using Butea monosperma bark extract which is used both as a reducing as well as capping agent at room temperature. The reaction mixture turned brownish yellow after about 24h and an intense surface plasmon resonance (SPR) band at around 424nm clearly indicates the formation of silver nanoparticles. Fourier transform-Infrared (FT-IR) spectroscopy showed that the nanoparticles were capped with compounds present in the plant extract. Formation of crystalline fcc silver nanoparticles is analysed by XRD data and the SAED pattern obtained also confirms the crystalline behaviour of the Ag nanoparticles. The size and morphology of these nanoparticles were studied using High Resolution Transmission Electron Microscopy (HRTEM) which showed that the nanoparticles had an average dimension of ∼35nm. A larger DLS data of ∼98nm shows the presence of the stabilizer on the nanoparticles surface. The bio-synthesized silver nanoparticles revealed potent antibacterial activity against human bacteria of both Gram types. In addition these biologically synthesized nanoparticles also proved to exhibit excellent cytotoxic effect on human myeloid leukemia cell line, KG-1A with IC50 value of 11.47μg/mL.

Green synthesis, characterization of gold and silver nanoparticles and their potential application for cancer therapeutics.

In the present article, we demonstrate the delivery of anti-cancer drug to the cancer cells using biosynthesized gold and silver nanoparticles (b-AuNP & b-AgNP). The nanoparticles synthesized by using Butea monosperma (BM) leaf extract are thoroughly characterized by various analytical techniques. Both b-AuNP and b-AgNP are stable in biological buffers and biocompatible towards normal endothelial cells (HUVEC, ECV-304) as well as cancer cell lines (B16F10, MCF-7, HNGC2 & A549). Administration of nanoparticle based drug delivery systems (DDSs) using doxorubicin (DOX) [b-Au-500-DOX and b-Ag-750-DOX] shows significant inhibition of cancer cell proliferation (B16F10, MCF-7) compared to pristine drug. Therefore, we strongly believe that biosynthesized nanoparticles will be useful for the development of cancer therapy using nanomedicine approach in near future.

Potential theranostics application of bio-synthesized silver nanoparticles (4-in-1 system).

In this report, we have designed a simple and efficient green chemistry approach for the synthesis of colloidal silver nanoparticles (b-AgNPs) that is formed by the reduction of silver nitrate (AgNO3) solution using Olax scandens leaf extract. The colloidal b-AgNPs, characterized by various physico-chemical techniques exhibit multifunctional biological activities (4-in-1 system). Firstly, bio-synthesized silver nanoparticles (b-AgNPs) shows enhanced antibacterial activity compared to chemically synthesize silver nanoparticles (c-AgNPs). Secondly, b-AgNPs show anti-cancer activities to different cancer cells (A549: human lung cancer cell lines, B16: mouse melanoma cell line & MCF7: human breast cancer cells) (anti-cancer). Thirdly, these nanoparticles are biocompatible to rat cardiomyoblast normal cell line (H9C2), human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVEC) and Chinese hamster ovary cells (CHO) which indicates the future application of b-AgNPs as drug delivery vehicle. Finally, the bio-synthesized AgNPs show bright red fluorescence inside the cells that could be utilized to detect the localization of drug molecules inside the cancer cells (a diagnostic approach). All results together demonstrate the multifunctional biological activities of bio-synthesized AgNPs (4-in-1 system) that could be applied as (i) anti-bacterial & (ii) anti-cancer agent, (iii) drug delivery vehicle, and (iv) imaging facilitator. To the best of our knowledge, there is not a single report of biosynthesized AgNPs that demonstrates the versatile applications (4-in-1 system) towards various biomedical applications. Additionally, a plausible mechanistic approach has been explored for the synthesis of b-AgNPs and its anti-bacterial as well as anti-cancer activity. We strongly believe that bio-synthesized AgNPs will open a new direction towards various biomedical applications in near future.

Catalytic degradation of methylene blue using biosynthesized gold and silver nanoparticles

The scientific community is searching for new synthesis methods for the production of metallic nanoparticles. Green synthesis has now become a vast developing area of research. Here we report for the first time to best of our knowledge, a new green method for the synthesis of silver and gold nanoparticles using the Kashayam, Guggulutiktham, an ayurvedic medicine. This method is nontoxic and environmentally benign. The reduction and the stabilization capacity of the ayurvedic Kashayam are described in this paper. The size and shape of the silver and gold nanoparticles can be tuned by varying the quantity of the Kashayam. The synthesized nanoparticles are characterized using UV–VIS spectroscopy, TEM, XRD and FTIR. The size dependent catalytic activity of the synthesized nanoparticles is established in the reduction of Methylene Blue (MB) by NaBH4.

Antigenotoxic effect of green-synthesised silver nanoparticles from Ocimum sanctum leaf extract against cyclophosphamide induced genotoxicity in human lymphocytes—in vitro

The present study was aimed to identify the antigenotoxic effect of bio-synthesised silver nanoparticles (SNP) of Ocimum sanctum leaf extract against cyclophosphamide (CP). We tested the antigenotoxic effect of bio-synthesized silver nanoparticles of O. sanctum leaf extract on human lymphocytes against CP by using chromosomal aberration assay (CAA). Silver nanoparticles was first synthesized from fresh leaf extract of O. sanctum and characterised. Their quality was checked by XRD technique and morphology by SEM. Three different doses of the bio-synthesised SNPs namely, 50, 100 and 200 μl/ml were selected and CP (100 μg/ml) was used as a positive control for CAA. CP administration to human lymphocytes culture caused reduction in mitotic index (MI) and increase in chromosomal damages. The three doses (50, 100 and 200 μl/ml) significantly (P < 0.005) reduced the chromosomal damages by CP and there was increase in MI. The biological way of synthesising SNPs has advantages like cost effectiveness and eco-friendly. Also the bio-synthesised SNPs of O. sanctum leaf extract was found to be an powerful genoprotectant. Furthermore works are to be carried out in future to find the extract mechanism of its genoprotective nature.

Switchgrass (&amp;lt;i&amp;gt;Panicum virgatum&amp;lt;/i&amp;gt;) Extract Mediated Green Synthesis of Silver Nanoparticles

A novel switchgrass (Panicum virgatum) extract mediated green process was demonstrated for the synthesis of silver nanoparticles from silver nitrate solution at ambient temperature. UV-visible spectroscopic analysis indicates the rapid reduction of silver (Ag+) ions by swithgrass extract. The silver nanoparticles began to form at 15 min and the reduction reaction was completed within 2 hours. Synthesized silver nanoparticles were subjected to x-ray diffraction (XRD) for structural characterization, which confirms the FCC symmetry of silver nanoparticles with the lattice parameter of 4.0962 ?. The particle size of bio-synthesized silver nanoparticles was identified through transmission electron microscopic (TEM) analysis and found to be in the range of 20 - 40 nm.

Bio-Synthesis of Gold and Silver Nanoparticles from Candida guilliermondii and Their Antimicrobial Effect Against Pathogenic Bacteria

In the present study we investigated the extra cellular synthesis of gold and silver nanoparticles by using the yeast Candida guilliermondii. The formation of noble metal nanoparticles was monitored by the UV-Visible spectroscopy. As prepared gold and silver nanoparticles showed distinct surface plasmon peaks at 530 nm and 425 nm respectively. Phase and morphology of the as synthesized materials were investigated by X-ray diffraction and electron microscopy techniques respectively. XRD patterns confirmed the formation of gold and silver nanoparticles with face centered cubic structures. Bio-TEM images showed the formation of near spherical, well dispersed gold and silver nanoparticles in the size range of 50-70 nm and 10-20 nm respectively. The biosynthesized nanoparticles were tested for their antimicrobial activity against five pathogenic bacterial strains. The highest efficiency for both gold and silver nanoparticles was observed against Staphylococcus aureus. A comparative study was also done to find the effect of chemically synthesized noble metal nanoparticles against the above test strains. Chemically synthesized particles had no antimicrobial activity against any of the pathogenic strains. The results obtained suggest that biosynthesized gold and silver nanoparticles can be used as effective antimicrobial agents against some of the potential harmful pathogenic microorganisms.

Transforming growth factor beta circulating levels reflect pegylated interferon treatment outcome in chronic viral hepatitis C infection

This paper describes the fabrication and characterization of bio-nanocomposite hydrogel beads based on Kappa-Carrageenan (κ-Carrageenan) and bio-synthesized silver nanoparticles (Ag-NPs). The silver nanoparticles were prepared in aqueous Citrullus colocynthis seed extract as both reducing and capping agent. Cross-linked κ-Carrageenan/Ag-NPs hydrogel beads were prepared using potassium chloride as the cross-linker. The hydrogel beads were characterized using XRD and FESEM. Moreover, swelling property of the hydrogel beads was investigated. The Ag release profile of the hydrogels was obtained by fitting the experimental data to power law equation. The direct visualization of the green synthesized Ag-NPs using TEM shows particle size in the range of 23 ± 2 nm. The bio-nanocomposite hydrogels showed lesser swelling behavior in comparison with pure κ-Carrageenan hydrogel. Regardless the slow Ag release, κ-Carrageenan/Ag-NPs presented good antibacterial activities against Staphylococcus aureus, Methicilin Resistant Staphylococcus aurous, Peseudomonas aeruginosa and Escherichia coli with maximum zones of inhibition 11 ± 2 mm. Cytotoxicity study showed that the bio-nanocomposite hydrogels with non-toxic effect of concentration below 1000 μg/mL have great pharmacological potential and a suitable level of safety for use in the biological systems.