Bio Surface Research Articles

A novel method for the isolation of single cells mimicking circulating tumour cells adhered on Smart Bio Surface slides by Laser Capture Microdissection.

In recent years, the importance of isolating single cells from blood circulation for several applications, such as non-invasive tumour diagnosis, the monitoring of minimal residual disease, and the analysis of circulating fetal cells for prenatal diagnosis, urged the need to set up innovative methods. For such applications, different methods were developed. All show some weaknesses, especially a limited sensitivity, and specificity. Here we present a new method for isolating a single or a limited number of cells adhered to SBS slides (Tethis S.p.a.) (a glass slide coated with Nanostructured Titanium Dioxide) by Laser Capture Microdissection (LCM) and subsequent Whole Genome Amplification. SBS slides have been shown to have an optimal performance in immobilizing circulating tumour cells (CTCs) from early breast cancer patients. In this work, we spiked cancer cells in blood samples to mimic CTCs. By defining laser parameters to cut intact samples, we were able to isolate genetically intact single cells. We demonstrate that SBS slides are optimally suited for isolating cells using LCM and that this method provides high-quality DNA, ideal for gene-specific assays such as PCR and Sanger sequencing for mutation analysis.

A panacea for environmental pollution: A review on role of biosurfactants in bioremediation

Environmental contamination is growing on daily basis, even though numerous corrective measures have been in practice but still it remains to be a major concern for protecting natural environment, ecosystem and well-being of living systems. Bio products and surface active substances derived from microorganisms and plants are having multiple roles in the environmental protection and cleaning. The amphiphilicity of biosurfactants (BS) causes hydrophilic and hydrophobic regions to come into contact with one another, changing the interfacial and surface tension between them. This phenomenon makes the recalcitrant pollutants more bioavailable and helps the microorganisms to degrade them easily. Additionally, the non-toxic, biodegradable and pH and temperature tolerance of biosurfactants make them better candidates for bioremediation. BS including rhamnolipids, surfactins, saponins and sophorolipids are extensively used for several environmental applications. BS are also used in various nanotechnological applications. BS mediated nano materials and agents are finding enhanced environmental applications than nanoparticles/ materials. This review highlights the numerous environmental issues addressed by using various biosurfactants as well as the methods and mechanisms adopted for the effective degradation and removal of hazardous pollutants.

Nano-bio surface interactions, cellular internalisation in cancer cells and e-data portals of nanomaterials: A review.

Nanomaterials (NMs) have abundant applications in areas such as electronics, energy, environment industries, biosensors, nano devices, theranostic platforms, etc. Nanoparticles can increase the solubility and stability of drug‐loaded materials, enhance their internalisation, protect them from initial destruction in the biological system, and lengthen their circulation time. The biological interaction of proteins present in the body fluid with NMs can change the activity and natural surface properties of NMs. The size and charge of NMs, properties of the coated and uncoated NMs, nature of proteins, cellular interactions direct their internalisation pathway in the cellular system. Thus, the present review emphasises the impact of coated, uncoated NMs, size and charge, nature of proteins on nano–bio surface interactions and on internalisation with specific focus on cancer cells. The increased activity of NPs may also result in toxicity on health and environment, thus emphasis should be given to assess the toxicity of NMs in the medical field. The e‐data sharing portals of NMs have also been discussed in this review that will be helpful in providing the information about the chemical, physical, biological properties and toxicity of NMs.

Biosorption to removing heavy metals from wastewater

In this research, the efficacy of walnuts shell as bio adsorbent surface has been evaluated in the process of heavy elements removing from aqueous solution. Heavy metals concentrations are determined using X-ray fluorescence (XRF) techniques in walnuts shell and using the atomic absorption spectrometer to determined heavy elements concentrations in wastewater from the southern Rustumiya station, as Chromium (Cr), Nikel (Ni), Zinc (Zn), Copper (Cu), Mercury (Hg), Cadmium (Cd) and Lead (Pb). XRF technique is a viable and precise for analyzing a variety of harm materials and environmental samples with different advantages compared with conventional laboratory analysis ways.

First-principles study of single-atom Pt adsorption on BiOBr{001} surface with different atomic exposure terminations

In this work, the geometrical configuration, electronic structure, optical properties and charge transfer behavior of BiOBr{001} surface with three different atomic exposure terminations (-BiO, -1Br and -2Br) and single-atom Pt at different adsorption positions on the BiOBr{001}-BiO surface (top, bridge and hollow site) are calculated by the first-principles calculation method based on density functional theory (DFT). More emphasis is placed on the research of the relative rule between single-atom Pt and BiOBr{001} surface. The calculation results show that the BiOBr{001}-BiO system exhibits the appearance of surface energy levels and the shift towards the lower energy for valence band and conduction band, enhancing the photocatalytic oxidation performance, especially, the existence of surface energy levels below the conduction band will contribute to the separation and migration of electron-hole pairs and the significant improvement of photo-response capability. Besides, the work function of BiOBr{001}-BiO system is much lower than one of noble metal Pt, which is beneficial to the directional transfer of photogenerated charge. Therefore, the BiOBr{001}-BiO system should be selected as an ideal substrate for interaction with the noble metal Pt. Furthermore, single-atom Pt is adsorbed at different positions of BiOBr{001}-BiO surface, with induced impurity energy levels in the forbidden band, achieving the smallest adsorption energy, the best photo-response capability. Particularly, the transferred charge number is the largest value (–0.920<i>e</i>) when Pt atom is adsorbed on a hollow site. However, the open electron-poor region will be formed when Pt atom is adsorbed at the top and bridge sites of BiOBr{001}-BiO surface. What is more, our findings should provide the excellent theoretical guidance for achieving the photocatalytic CO<sub>2</sub> reduction and nitrogen fixation on the BiOBr{001} surface to build up the top and bridge sites as the adsorption sites of Pt atom. The adsorption sites of Pt atoms are located at the hollow sites of BiOBr{001} surface, which should obtain the high photocatalytic oxidizing activity of degrading organic pollutants. Finally, our work can not only present the basic data for the optimized local electronic structure and photocatalytic application for noble metal decorated BiOBr-based materials, but also provide a kind of research strategy for further exploring and designing efficient noble metal decorated BiOX-based or other semiconductor-based photocatalyst systems.

Atomic-scale electronic structure of the cuprate pair density wave state coexisting with superconductivity

The defining characteristic of hole-doped cuprates is d-wave high temperature superconductivity. However, intense theoretical interest is now focused on whether a pair density wave state (PDW) could coexist with cuprate superconductivity [D. F. Agterberg et al., Annu. Rev. Condens. Matter Phys. 11, 231 (2020)]. Here, we use a strong-coupling mean-field theory of cuprates, to model the atomic-scale electronic structure of an eight-unit-cell periodic, d-symmetry form factor, pair density wave (PDW) state coexisting with d-wave superconductivity (DSC). From this PDW + DSC model, the atomically resolved density of Bogoliubov quasiparticle states [Formula: see text] is predicted at the terminal BiO surface of Bi2Sr2CaCu2O8 and compared with high-precision electronic visualization experiments using spectroscopic imaging scanning tunneling microscopy (STM). The PDW + DSC model predictions include the intraunit-cell structure and periodic modulations of [Formula: see text], the modulations of the coherence peak energy [Formula: see text] and the characteristics of Bogoliubov quasiparticle interference in scattering-wavevector space [Formula: see text] Consistency between all these predictions and the corresponding experiments indicates that lightly hole-doped Bi2Sr2CaCu2O8 does contain a PDW + DSC state. Moreover, in the model the PDW + DSC state becomes unstable to a pure DSC state at a critical hole density p*, with empirically equivalent phenomena occurring in the experiments. All these results are consistent with a picture in which the cuprate translational symmetry-breaking state is a PDW, the observed charge modulations are its consequence, the antinodal pseudogap is that of the PDW state, and the cuprate critical point at p* ≈ 19% occurs due to disappearance of this PDW.

Increasing Efficiency of Waste Water Treatment of Wine-Making Enterprises with Simultaneous Production of Bio Surface for Oil Industry

A method for pre-treatment of wastewater with the simultaneous production of biological surface-active substances (bio-surfactants) by deep cultivation of the microscopic fungus Hypomyces odoratus in the wastewater of a winery has been developed. In wastewater after cultivation of the fungus under aerobic conditions for 12 hours, a steady decrease in BOD was observed by 2.5 times, COD by 3 times, the content of suspended solids, sulfates, phosphates, ammonium ions, nitrates, nitrites, anionic surfactants decreased significantly substances (ACAS), cationic surfactants (CAS), wastewater in chemical composition began to approach the indicators of municipal sewage. The complexity of the composition obtained during the cultivation of the biomass fungus and the isolated exopolysaccharide contributed to a decrease in the surface tension of the oil and indicated that the fungus synthesizes the bio-surfactant complex. After contact with a 12-hour mass of fungus or exopolysaccharide obtained from biomass in highly viscous, water-flooded bituminized oil, an improvement in rheological indices was noted, and the water cut and content of paraffin deposits decreased.

Monolayer immobilization of bacteriorhodopsin on modified polycarbonate surface by using of Langmuir-Blodgett technique

Bacteriorhodopsin (BR) has emerged as an important material for constructing data storage devices due to its unique properties. In this study, BR has been immobilized on modified polycarbonate (PC) surface of compact disk (CD) by using of Langmuir-Blodgett (LB) method. UV/Ozone treatment was used to amplify the immobilization of BR on PC surface. ATR-FTIR and UV-Visible spectroscopy analyses were carried out to study the structure properties of the monolayer. Our results show that an efficient bio surface of PC was fabricated by the Langmuir-Blodgett deposition which is an appropriate candidate to immobilization of BR and formation 0 and 1 bite that relate to bR and P, Q intermediate states in order to construct biomemory.

스테레오 비젼에 의한 생체표면 3차원 복원의 최적화 연구

스테레오 비젼에 의한 생체표면 3차원 복원의 최적화 연구

Biosorption of Congo Red from aqueous solution by crab shell residue: a comprehensive study.

The abundantly available bio waste, crab shell powder was used as an adsorbent for the removal of pollutants like Congo Red. The morphological, textural and chemical characterization of the biomass was done with SEM, XRD, EDS and FT-IR studies. The nature and mechanism of the process were determined from equilibrium, kinetic and thermodynamic studies. The results exhibited that the bio waste surface is fractured, rough and porous. It is composed of various surface functional groups which attracts organic pollutants. Equilibrium studies conclude Adsorption is a favorable process and it is a monolayer covering the surface. The maximum adsorption capacity, given by non-linear Langmuir isotherm was 124.9 mg/g. In kinetic studies pseudo-second order model best described the sorption kinetics compared to other models. Thermodynamic studies conclude that the process is spontaneous, endothermic and a physical adsorption.

Biointerphases In Focus on Bio Surface Analysis

Biointer<i>phases</i> In Focus on Bio Surface Analysis

A quantitative study of detection mechanism of a label-free impedance biosensor using ultrananocrystalline diamond microelectrode array

It is well recognized that label-free biosensors are the only class of sensors that can rapidly detect antigens in real-time and provide remote environmental monitoring and point-of-care diagnosis that is low-cost, specific, and sensitive. Electrical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) based label-free biosensors have been used to detect a wide variety of antigens including bacteria, viruses, DNA, and proteins due to the simplicity of their detection technique. However, their commercial development has been hindered due to difficulty in interpreting the change in impedance upon antigen binding and poor signal reproducibility as a result of surface fouling and non-specific binding. In this study, we develop a circuit model to adequately describe the physical changes at bio functionalized surface and provide an understanding of the detection mechanism based on electron exchange between electrolyte and surface through pores surrounding antibody–antigen. The model was successfully applied to extract quantitative information about the bio surface at different stages of surface functionalization. Further, we demonstrate boron-doped ultrananocrystalline diamond (UNCD) microelectrode array (3×3 format, 200μm diameter) improves signal reproducibility significantly and increases sensitivity by four orders of magnitude. This study marks the first demonstration of UNCD array based biosensor that can reliably detect a model Escherichia coli K12 bacterium using EIS, positioning this technology for rapid adoption in point-of-use applications.

The modulation and reconstruction of a BiO layer of cuprate Bi2212

Studies based on ab initio density functional theory show that the modulated structures ofBiO surfaces of cuprate Bi2212 superconductors are spontaneously formed and closelyrelated to the reconstructions of BiO surfaces. The reconstructions of BiO layers occur bothon the surface and in the bulk, accompanied with the formations of BiO-zigzag chains andBi2O2 quadrilaterals. The structural modulations of the BiO surface are along theb axis, perpendicular to the BiO-zigzag chains along thea axis. Our calculations provide a unified understanding of the formationof modulating structures in Bi2212. Another interesting result is thatelectronic structures of BiO surfaces are significantly influenced by theCuO2 layer beneath because of the structural modulations and reconstructions.

Application of Agro‐Based Biomasses for Zinc Removal from Wastewater – A Review

AbstractZinc remediation of aqueous streams is of special concern due to its highly toxic and persistent nature. Conventional treatment technologies for the removal of zinc are not economical and further generate huge quantity of toxic chemical sludge. Biosorption is emerging as a potential alternative to the existing conventional technologies for the removal of metal ions from aqueous solutions. Mechanisms involved in the biosorption process include chemisorption, complexation, adsorption–complexation on surface and pores, ion exchange, microprecipitation, heavy metal hydroxide condensation onto the bio surface, and surface adsorption. Biosorption largely depends on parameters such as pH, the initial metal ion concentration, biomass concentration, presence of various competitive metal ions in solution, and to a limited extent on temperature. Biosorption using biomass such as agricultural wastes, industrial residues, municipal solid waste, biosolids, food processing waste, aquatic plants, animal wastes, etc., is regarded as a cost‐effective technique for the treatment of high volume and low concentration complex wastewaters containing zinc metal. Very few reviews are available where readers can get an overview of the sorption capacities of agro based biomasses used for zinc remediation together with the traditional remediation methods. The purpose of this review article is to provide the scattered available information on various aspects of utilization of the agro based biomasses for zinc metal ions removal. An extensive table summarizes the sorption capacities of various adsorbents. These biosorbents can be modified using various methods for better efficiency and multiple reuses to enhance their applicability at industrial scale. We have incorporated most of the valuable available literature on zinc removal from waste water using agro based biomasses in this review.

Nanoscale Modulation of Local Barrier Height on Bi-based Cuprate Superconductors Observed by Scanning Tunneling Microscopy/Spectroscopy

The atomically resolved local barrier height (LBH) of a Bi 2 Sr 2 CaCu 2 O 8+δ (Bi2212) superconducting single crystal is investigated by using scanning tunneling microscopy/spectroscopy (STM/STS). The LBH distribution is found to be strongly related with the well-known supermodulation structure of the Bi2212 surface with a period of ∼2.7 nm. In particular, the magnitude of the LBH is anticorrelated to the Bi–Bi atomic distance that is affected by supermodulation. A comparison with simultaneously obtained conductance spectra shows that there is a small correlation between the spatial modulation of the gap amplitude (Δ) and the LBH, this indicates that the measured Δ is slightly affected by the topmost BiO surface, but dominantly reflects information on the inner CuO 2 layer, which is responsible for the superconductivity.

Alkali-Modified Titanium Surface Stimulating Formation of Bone-Implant Interface

This study was carried out to assess the bone response to alkali-modified titanium implant surface (Bio surface), using histomorphometric investigation on an animal model. The mean net contribution of the Bio surface to the increase in bone implant contact (BIC) with reference to the turned, machined surface was evaluated at 7.94 % (BIC/week), within the first five weeks of healing. The contribution was expressed as the difference in the osseointegration rates ( BIC/'healing time) between the implants with alkali modified surface (Bio surface) and those with turned, machined surface. The surface characteristics that differed between the implant surfaces, i.e. surface morphology, specific surface area, contact angle, hydroxylation/hydration, may represent factors that influence the rate of osseointegration.

Physico-chemical properties and healing capacity of potentially bioactive titanium surface

The aim of this study was to evaluate physico-chemical properties and the healing capacity of surface treated titanium. Surface treatment combining sand-blasting, acid etching and alkaline etching (BIO surface) was evaluated together with machined titanium as a reference surface. Hydration, wetting angle, surface area and roughness parameters were evaluated for both surfaces. Stability of dental implants with both surfaces implanted in the tibia of dog was measured during the healing of twelve weeks. BIO surface exhibited lower wetting angle, larger surface area, higher degree of hydration and higher average roughness compared to machined titanium. Implants with the BIO surface maintained their stability during the whole healing period in contrast to those with machined titanium surface, which showed a statistically significant decrease in stability three and nine weeks after implantation.

Bio-activated titanium surface utilizable for mimetic bone implantation in dentistry—Part III: Surface characteristics and bone–implant contact formation

This study was carried out to quantify the effect of an alkali-modified surface on the bone–implant interface formation during healing using an animal model. A total of 24 screw-shaped, self-tapping, (c.p.) titanium dental implants, divided into test group B—implants with alkali-modified surface (Bio surface) and control group M—implants with turned, machined surface, were inserted without pre-tapping in the tibiae of three beagle dogs. The animals were sacrificed after 2, 5 and 12 weeks and the bone–implant contact (BIC%) was evaluated histometrically. The surface characteristics that differed between the implant surfaces, i.e. specific surface area, contact angle, may represent factors that influence the rate of osseointegration and the secondary implant stability. The alkali-treated surface enhances the BIC formation during the first 2–5 weeks of healing compared to the turned, machined surface.

Editorial: bio surface and interface analysis

Surface and Interface AnalysisVolume 38, Issue 11 p. 1379-1379 EditorialFree Access Editorial: bio surface and interface analysis Morgan R. Alexander, Corresponding Author Morgan R. Alexander University of Nottingham, UKUniversity of Nottingham, UKSearch for more papers by this author Morgan R. Alexander, Corresponding Author Morgan R. Alexander University of Nottingham, UKUniversity of Nottingham, UKSearch for more papers by this author First published: 18 October 2006 https://doi.org/10.1002/sia.2496Citations: 2AboutPDF ToolsRequest permissionExport citationAdd to favoritesTrack citation ShareShare Give accessShare full text accessShare full-text accessPlease review our Terms and Conditions of Use and check box below to share full-text version of article.I have read and accept the Wiley Online Library Terms and Conditions of UseShareable LinkUse the link below to share a full-text version of this article with your friends and colleagues. Learn more.Copy URL Share a linkShare onFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditWechat No abstract is available for this article.Citing Literature Volume38, Issue11Special Issue: Bio Surface and Interface AnalysisNovember 2006Pages 1379-1379 RelatedInformation

Local quasiparticle states near a Zn impurity with induced magnetic moment in a high-Tcsuperconductor

The local quasiparticle density of states around a unitary impurity with a Kondo-like magnetic moment induced at its nearest neighbors in a d-wave superconductor is studied within the slave-boson mean-field approach. The Hamiltonian is exactly diagonalized and the results are obtained self-consistently. We show that the interference between the strong impurity potential scattering and the Kondo effect leads to novel quasiparticle spectra around the impurity, which are strikingly different from the case of a single unitary or magnetic impurity. The recent STM image of the local differential tunneling conductance around a Zn impurity in a high-T_c cuprate can be essentially explained if the blocking effect of BiO surface layer between the tip and probed CuO_2 plane [Zhu et al., Phys. Rev. B 62, 6207 (2000)] is taken into account.