Abstract
The abundantly available bio waste, crab shell powder was used as an adsorbent for the removal of pollutants like Congo Red. The morphological, textural and chemical characterization of the biomass was done with SEM, XRD, EDS and FT-IR studies. The nature and mechanism of the process were determined from equilibrium, kinetic and thermodynamic studies. The results exhibited that the bio waste surface is fractured, rough and porous. It is composed of various surface functional groups which attracts organic pollutants. Equilibrium studies conclude Adsorption is a favorable process and it is a monolayer covering the surface. The maximum adsorption capacity, given by non-linear Langmuir isotherm was 124.9 mg/g. In kinetic studies pseudo-second order model best described the sorption kinetics compared to other models. Thermodynamic studies conclude that the process is spontaneous, endothermic and a physical adsorption.
Highlights
By 2030, the world’s population is expected to increase to 8.3 billion and total seafood demand is estimated to be 183 million tons, while the estimated global seafood market is predicted to reach US$ 100 billion per annum
We extend our investigation to estimate the limitations and binding mechanism through kinetic, isothermal, and thermodynamic studies
It was established that adsorption of Congo Red (CR) decreased with increase in particle size of Crab shell powder (CSP)
Summary
By 2030, the world’s population is expected to increase to 8.3 billion and total seafood demand is estimated to be 183 million tons, while the estimated global seafood market is predicted to reach US$ 100 billion per annum. The world demand for seafood is currently increasing by 3 % every year. High-end sea food products, such as lobster and crab, are consumed more often at restaurants than at home. Crab continues to compete well against other seafood proteins, ranking in the top 10 highest consumed sea food products, while being the most expensive species on the list. American per capita crab consumption amounts to 0.7 pounds per year. In 2012, US alone imported 5.4 million pounds in a month. 20–30 % of the weight of the crab is processed for human food consumption. The remaining 70–80 % is generally discarded, causing surface and ground water pollution and increase of BOD and COD (Gupta and Suhas 2009)
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