Bio-nanocomposite Hydrogel Beads Research Articles

Bio-Nanocomposite Hydrogel Beads Based on Cellulose and Biogenic Silver Nanoparticles Prepared by ex-situ and in-situ Methods for Antibacterial Applications

Bio-Nanocomposite Hydrogel Beads Based on Cellulose and Biogenic Silver Nanoparticles Prepared by ex-situ and in-situ Methods for Antibacterial Applications

Ultrasound-assisted removal of Imidacloprid from aqueous solutions using carboxymethyl cellulose-based bionanocomposite hydrogel beads (CMC/Fe3O4-Zeolite): Emphasis on effects Fe3O4-Zeolite nanoparticles and ultrasound

In the present work, carboxymethyl cellulose-based bionanocomposite hydrogel beads with diverse concentration ratios of Fe3O4-Zeolite were produced and used for the removal of Imidacloprid from an aqueous solution. Optimization of various factors such as Imidacloprid initial concentration, adsorbent dosage, pH solution, and sonicating time (42 kHz) affecting Imidacloprid removal was evaluated by response surface methodology (RSM). The optimum values for these parameters were obtained at 38 mg L−1, 1.9 g L−1, 7, and 19 min, respectively. The adsorption process of Imidacloprid by CMC/Fe3O4-Zeolite20 is multilayer adsorption (Jossens model) and was controlled by internal and external diffusion (double-exponential model). Additionally, the study of the ultrasonic effect on Imidacloprid removal performance showed that the ultrasound combined with adsorption significantly reduces the equilibration time. Also, the adsorption and desorption study showed that the adsorbent with high stability in adsorption performance was recycled in 6 cycles without a significant reduction in adsorption efficiency. And finally, the removal performance of CMC/Fe3O4-Zeolite20 was studied on the real wastewater samples and confirmed the feasibility of adsorbent for practical applications in industrial purposes.

Swelling-Induced Chromotropism of Bionanocomposite Hydrogel Beads.

Monodispersed gelatin hydrogel beads containing smectite with adsorbed cyanine dye exhibit chromotropic responses to compression and swelling/deswelling by solvent. Photoluminescence color of the beads changes by swelling in water (blue) and deswelling in ethanol (purple) reversibly. The forces generated by swelling/deswelling are thought to induce the transition between the J-aggregate and the monomer of cyanine dye adsorbed on smectite, giving the photoluminescent color changes.

Synthesis and characterization of bio-nanocomposite hydrogel beads based on magnetic hydroxyapatite and chitosan: a pH-sensitive drug delivery system for potential implantable anticancer platform

Synthesis and characterization of bio-nanocomposite hydrogel beads based on magnetic hydroxyapatite and chitosan: a pH-sensitive drug delivery system for potential implantable anticancer platform

Preparation of pH-sensitive chitosan-magnetic graphene quantum dot bionanocomposite hydrogel beads for drug delivery application: Emphasis on effects nanoparticles

Chitosan-based bionanocomposite hydrogel beads have attracted much attention as carriers in drug delivery systems due to their inherent properties, such as excellent biocompatibility, high swelling, and high storage capacities. In this study, a combination of chitosan hydrogel with different amounts of MGQD was prepared and used for pH-sensitive controlled release of MTX. The successful synthesis was confirmed through various analysis methods. The fabricated CS, CS-MGQD 5%, CS-MGQD 10%, and CS-MGQD 15% hydrogel beads loaded about 84, 83, 77, and 64% of MTX, respectively. The results of the swelling behavior and drug release behavior showed that the hydrogel beads experience pH-dependent swelling and release of MTX. In addition, investigating the effect of MGQD concentration on swelling behavior and drug release showed that CS-MGQD 15% has favorable stability and controllable drug release in an acid environment. Also, the Weibull kinetic model was the best-fitting model for MTX release from CS-MGQD 15% bionanocomposite hydrogels at pH 5. These findings suggest that the prepared magnetic bionanocomposite hydrogel beads have good potential for implantable pH-sensitive drug delivery in the treatment of cancerous tissue.

Pectin-Coated Baclofen-Layered Zinc Hydroxide Nanohybrid as a Bio-Based Nanocomposite Carrier for Oral Delivery.

pH-sensitive pectin beads were proposed as a protective capsule for layered zinc hydroxide-drug (LZH-Drug) nanohybrids in the gastrointestinal tract in this paper. Baclofen was intercalated between LZH layers using the co-precipitation method as a model drug. By combining LZH-baclofen with pectin, the resulting nanohybrid (LZH-baclofen) was used to make bio-nanocomposite hydrogel beads. FTIR, XRD, and SEM analyses were used to characterize the produced products. Baclofen anions are vertical to the LZH layers in the shape of a monolayer, according to the interlayer space of 19.6Å. The presence of nanocomposites is demonstrated by FTIR, which exhibits a peak at 3489 cm-1 for the OH group, 1564 and 1384 cm-1 for the-COO- vibration mode, indicating that baclofen is intercalated between the layered structures. After intercalation, baclofen's thermal stability is greatly improved. The nanohybrid is more compact, with agglomerates and flat surfaces of the intercalated substance, shown by SEM. In vitro release behaviors of baclofen from LZH and bio-nanocomposites in buffer solution were examined under pH values (pH = 1.2, 6.8, 7.4) chosen from a model of the passing materials through the gastrointestinal tract. For pectin encapsulated LZH-baclofen nanohybrid, drug release studies indicated superior protection against stomach pH and regulated release under intestinal tract conditions. Furthermore, nanohybrid and nanocomposite treatment of a normal fibroblast cell line resulted in cell survival up to 12.5 g/mL for a 24-h period, with inhibition reducing dose-dependently at higher concentrations. A novel intercalation molecule with a sustained release mode and improved toxicity against normal fibroblast cell lines has been produced as a result of the strong host-guest contacts between the LZH lattice and the baclofen anion. Further study into the utilization of brucite-like host materials in drug delivery systems should be based on these findings.

Natural Polymer-Based Graphene Oxide Bio-nanocomposite Hydrogel Beads: Superstructures with Advanced Potentials for Drug Delivery.

The current study sought to create graphene oxide-based superstructures for gastrointestinal drug delivery. Graphene oxide has a large surface area that can be used to load anti-cancer drugs via non-covalent methods such as surface adsorption and hydrogen bonding. To enhance the bio-applicability of graphene oxide, nano-hybrids were synthesized by encapsulating the graphene oxide into calcium alginate hydrogel beads through the dripping-extrusion technique. These newly developed bio-nanocomposite hybrid hydrogel beads were evaluated in structural analysis, swelling study, drug release parameters, haemolytic assay, and antibacterial activity. Doxorubicin served as a model drug. The drug entrapment efficiency was determined by UV-spectroscopy analysis and was found to be high at ⁓89% in graphene oxide hybrid hydrogel beads. These fabricated hydrogel beads ensure the drug release from a hybrid polymeric matrix in a more controlled and sustained pattern avoiding the problems associated with a non-hybrid polymeric system. The drug release study of 12h shows about 83% release at pH 6.8. In vitro drug release kinetics proved that drug release was a Fickian mechanism. The cytotoxic effect of graphene oxide hybrid alginate beads was also determined by evaluating the morphology of bacterial cells and red blood cells after incubation. Additionally, it was determined that the sequential encapsulation of graphene oxide in alginate hydrogel beads hides its uneven edges and lessens the graphene oxide's negative impacts. Also, the antibacterial study and biocompatibility of fabricated hydrogel beads made them potential candidates for gastrointestinal delivery.

Preparation and osteogenic properties of nanocomposite hydrogel beads loaded with nanometric bioactive glass particles

Bone reconstruction in the oral and maxillofacial region presents particular challenges related to the development of biomaterials with osteoinductive properties and suitable physical characteristics for their surgical use in irregular bony defects. In this work, the preparation and bioactivity of chitosan–gelatin (ChG) hydrogel beads loaded with either bioactive glass nanoparticles (nBG) or mesoporous bioactive glass nanospheres (nMBG) were studied. In vitro testing of the bionanocomposite beads was carried out in simulated body fluid, and through viability and osteogenic differentiation assays using dental pulp stem cells (DPSCs). In vivo bone regenerative properties of the biomaterials were assessed using a rat femoral defect model and compared with a traditional maxillary allograft (Puros®). ChG hydrogel beads containing homogeneously distributed BG nanoparticles promoted rapid bone—like apatite mineralization and induced the osteogenic differentiation of DPSCs in vitro. The bionanocomposite beads loaded with either nBG or nMBG also produced a greater bone tissue formation in vivo as compared to Puros® after 8 weeks of implantation. The osteoinductivity capacity of the bionanocomposite hydrogel beads coupled with their physical properties make them promissory for the reconstruction of irregular and less accessible maxillary bone defects.

One-pot synthesis of magnetic chitosan/iron oxide bio-nanocomposite hydrogel beads as drug delivery systems

ABSTRACT In this research, a novel dual-responsive supermagnetic chitosan/iron oxide nanocomposite hydrogel beads (CH/MION) was prepared using sodium tripolyphosphate (STPP) as cross linking agent. The prepared CH/MION hydrogel was systematically characterized by Fourier transforminfrared spectroscopy (FT-IR), scanning electron microscopy (SEM) X-ray diffraction (XRD), and vibrating sample magnetometer (VSM). In addition, the CH/MION hydrogel exhibits favorable swelling properties that are sensitive to pH, and external magnetic field (EMF). The drug release behavior of the prepared hydrogel under EMF, and different pHs was also studied. The obtained hydrogel showed considerable temperature, pH, and EMF sensitivity for the in vitro release of Doxorubicin (DOX).These results suggested that the CH/MION hydrogel beads could be a promising candidate for drug delivery applications.

Carboxymethylcellulose-coated 5-fluorouracil@MOF-5 nano-hybrid as a bio-nanocomposite carrier for the anticancer oral delivery

Among the most common cancers, colon cancer is the fourth. To develop new methods with controlled-release manner, more attention was devoted to designing efficient oral delivery systems. For this purpose, 5-fluorouracil (5-FU) as an anticancer drug was encapsulated into the porous of Zn-based metal-organic framework (MOF-5) through immersing in the drug solution. pH-sensitive carboxymethylcellulose (CMC) biopolymer was used to protect and carry the 5-FU encapsulated MOF-5 nano-hybrid (5-FU@MOF-5) through the digestive system. The CMC-coated 5-FU@MOF-5 bio-nanocomposite hydrogel bead (CMC/5-FU@MOF-5) characterized using various techniques. To demonstrate the efficiency of CMC/5-FU@MOF-5 as a novel carrier for controlled release of 5-FU, in-vitro drug delivery tests were carried out in simulating the gastrointestinal tract (GIT) conditions. The drug release tests revealed that the CMC/5-FU@MOF-5 has a sustained release manner in the GIT conditions. The MTT test established that the CMC/5-FU@MOF-5 has notable toxicity against HeLa cells. According to the obtained results, the prepared bio-nanocomposite hydrogel beads could be proposed as a potential drug delivery system for the colonic administration of 5-FU.

Carboxymethylcellulose/layered double hydroxides bio-nanocomposite hydrogel: A controlled amoxicillin nanocarrier for colonic bacterial infections treatment

In this work, a pH-sensitive carboxymethylcellulose based bio-nanocomposite hydrogel beads with different content of layered double hydroxides (LDHs) as a nanoparticle was prepared (CMC/LDH(Cu/Al)). EDX spectroscopy was used to confirm the successful composition of LDH(Cu/Al) with CMC and its presence in the hydrogel matrix. The prepared CMC/LDH(Cu/Al) bio-nanocomposite hydrogel bead characterized by XRD, FT-IR, and SEM analysis. The swelling results showed the pH-sensitive properties for all of the prepared CMC/LDH(Cu/Al). Amoxicillin (AMX) as a model of the antibiotic drug was selected to study the ability of the prepared systems as an oral drug delivery vehicle. The obtained results showed that the CMC/LDH(Cu/Al 7.5) bio-nanocomposite hydrogel bead has a good performance compared to the other prepared bio-nanocomposites. MTT assay approved the safety of this bio-nanocomposite hydrogel bead against HUVEC cells. Consistent with the obtained results, the prepared hydrogel beads could be potentially proposed as an efficient safe drug carrier for AMX oral delivery.

Facile preparation of pH-responsive k-Carrageenan/tramadol loaded UiO-66 bio-nanocomposite hydrogel beads as a nontoxic oral delivery vehicle

In comparison with the intravenous route, oral administration is most commonly used owing to the non-invasive nature and the fact that avoids patient pain and discomfort. In this context, UiO-66 was prepared through solvothermal route to load tramadol (Tr) as a model drug. Tr loaded UiO-66 (Tr@UiO-66) was used to improve the drug release controllability of bio-polymeric k-Carrageenan (k-Cr) hydrogel in the gastrointestinal tract (GIT) conditions. The k-Cr/Tr@UiO-66 bio-nanocomposite hydrogel beads were characterized by FT-IR, XRD, EDX, pHpzc, and SEM methods. The in-vitro drug release and kinetics analysis revealed that the k-Cr/Tr@UiO-66 has a better performance against stomach pH and enhanced the drug dosing stability with controlled releases in the GIT conditions. Cytotoxicity study established that the bio-nanocomposite beads have a cytocompatible nature against human colon cells. Results showed that the prepared novel k-Cr/Tr@UiO-66 could be potentially used as a nontoxic oral delivery vehicle.

Синтез графт-сополимеров натриевой соли карбоксиметилцеллюлозы с N-винилимидазолом и исследование свойств их водных дисперсий

Радикальной полимеризацией в присутствии пероксида водорода получены графт-сополимеры натриевой соли карбоксиметилцеллюлозы и N-винилимидазола. Структура полученных продуктов подтверждена методом ИК-спектроскопии. Методами просвечивающей электронной микроскопии, динамического светорассеяния и лазерного допплеровского микроэлектрофореза установлено, что частицы дисперсий сополимеров имеют несферическую форму и отрицательный электрокинетический потенциал. Изучено влияние присутствие хлорида натрия на гидродинамический радиус частиц полимеров
 
 
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PH-sensitive ZnO/carboxymethyl cellulose/chitosan bio-nanocomposite beads for colon-specific release of 5-fluorouracil

To develop relatively green and ecofriendly smart vehicles for colon-specific drug delivery, carboxymethyl cellulose (CMC) and chitosan (CS) pH-sensitive biopolymers were used in this study. To overcome the weaknesses of CMC carriers, such as poor mechanical performance and an explosive drug release, zinc oxide (ZnO) nanoparticles were incorporated into CMC beads and then coated with a CS layer via a self-assembly technique to form core-shell polyelectrolyte complexes. An anticancer drug, 5-fluorouracil (5-FU), used as a model drug, was loaded into ZnO/CMC/CS bio-nanocomposite beads. Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, scanning and transmission electron microscopy, and thermogravimetric analysis were used to characterize the chemical structure, morphological changes, and thermal properties of the developed drug carrier, respectively. By studying their swelling and in vitro 5-FU release profiles under simulated gastrointestinal conditions, the pH sensitivity of the developed bio-nanocomposite hydrogel beads could be investigated. The obtained beads with reduced porosity could effectively encapsulate 5-FU and showed self-sustained release behavior depending on the concentrations of CMC, CS, and ZnO nanoparticles. The developed beads also demonstrated a capacity for biodegradation. The results indicated that the ZnO/CMC/CS bio-nanocomposite beads exhibited pH-sensitivity and could be applied efficiently as biodegradable carriers for colon-specific 5-FU delivery.

Encapsulation of graphene quantum dot-crosslinked chitosan by carboxymethylcellulose hydrogel beads as a pH-responsive bio-nanocomposite for the oral delivery agent

Oral delivery most commonly used due to the non-invasive nature and the fact that avoids patient pain and discomfort in compression with the intravenous administration. Herein, the obtained graphene quantum dots (GQDs) from citric acid were employed as a cross-linker for chitosan (CS). Sodium salicylate (SS) as a model drug was loaded in the prepared graphene quantum dots-crosslinked chitosan hybrid bio-nanocomposite beads (CS-GQD). SS-loaded CS-GQD (CS-GQD/SS) was protected with pH-sensitive biopolymeric carboxymethylcellulose (CMC) hydrogel beads. The CMC encapsulated CS-GQD/SS bio-nanocomposite hydrogel beads (CS-GQD/SS@CMC) were characterized using FT-IR, PL and SEM analysis. For determination of surficial charge of the carrier, pH point of zero charges (pHpzc) was measured. In-vitro drug delivery tests were carried out in simulating the gastrointestinal tract conditions for proving the efficiency of the prepared beads as a controlled oral drug delivery. The synergistic effects of CMC and CS enhanced the stability of drug dosing for a long time with controlling the drug releases in the gastrointestinal tract conditions. The MTT test confirmed that the bio-nanocomposite beads have low toxicity against human colon adenocarcinoma HT29 cells. The obtained results showed that the prepared novel CS-GQD/SS@CMC could potentially be used as a safe carrier for oral drug delivery.

Facile preparation of antibacterial chitosan/graphene oxide-Ag bio-nanocomposite hydrogel beads for controlled release of doxorubicin

The present project describes the facile preparation of novel pH-sensitive bio-nanocomposite hydrogel beads based on chitosan (CH) and GO-Ag nanohybrid particles for controlled release of anti-cancer drugs such as doxorubicin (DOX). The loading efficiency of doxorubicin into test beads was measured via UV–vis spectroscopy analysis and was found to be high. The formation of silver nanoparticles on the GO sheets and structural characteristics were evaluated via FT-IR, TEM, XRD, and SEM techniques. In addition, the antibacterial activity, swelling and drug release profiles of prepared nanocomposite beads were evaluated. Also, in vitro drug release test was performed in order to investigate the efficiency of CH/GO-Ag nanocomposite hydrogel beads as a drug carrier for controlled release of anti-cancer drugs such as doxorubicin (DOX). A more sustained and controlled drug release profile was observed for CH/GO-Ag nanocomposite hydrogel beads that enhanced by increasing the GO-Ag nanohybrid particles content.

Facile fabrication and characterization of a novel oral pH-sensitive drug delivery system based on CMC hydrogel and HNT-AT nanohybrid

The main aim of the present study was to design pH-sensitive bionanocomposite hydrogel beads based on CMC and HNT-AT nanohybrid and evaluate whether prepared bionanocomposite beads have the potential to be used in drug delivery applications. Atenolol (AT), as a model drug, was incorporated into the lumen of HA nanotubes via the co-precipitation technique. HNT/AT nanohybrid and CMC/HNT-AT beads were characterized via XRD, SEM, TGA, and FT-IR techniques. Drug loading and encapsulation efficiency was found to be high for CMC/HNT3 beads. Moreover, the swelling and drug release properties of the prepared CMC/HA-AT beads were investigated, and showed a pH sensitive swelling behavior with maximum its content at pH 6.8. Also, it was found that the swelling ratio of CMC/HNT beads was lower than that of pristine CMC beads. Drug release behavior of CMC/HNT-AT bionanocomposite hydrogel beads were investigated. A more sustained and controlled drug releases were observed for CMC/HNT-AT beads.

Hydrogel beads bio-nanocomposite based on Kappa-Carrageenan and green synthesized silver nanoparticles for biomedical applications

This paper describes the fabrication and characterization of bio-nanocomposite hydrogel beads based on Kappa-Carrageenan (κ-Carrageenan) and bio-synthesized silver nanoparticles (Ag-NPs). The silver nanoparticles were prepared in aqueous Citrullus colocynthis seed extract as both reducing and capping agent. Cross-linked κ-Carrageenan/Ag-NPs hydrogel beads were prepared using potassium chloride as the cross-linker. The hydrogel beads were characterized using XRD and FESEM. Moreover, swelling property of the hydrogel beads was investigated. The Ag release profile of the hydrogels was obtained by fitting the experimental data to power law equation. The direct visualization of the green synthesized Ag-NPs using TEM shows particle size in the range of 23±2nm. The bio-nanocomposite hydrogels showed lesser swelling behavior in comparison with pure κ-Carrageenan hydrogel. Regardless the slow Ag release, κ-Carrageenan/Ag-NPs presented good antibacterial activities against Staphylococcus aureus, Methicilin Resistant Staphylococcus aurous, Peseudomonas aeruginosa and Escherichia coli with maximum zones of inhibition 11±2mm. Cytotoxicity study showed that the bio-nanocomposite hydrogels with non-toxic effect of concentration below 1000μg/mL have great pharmacological potential and a suitable level of safety for use in the biological systems.

Carboxymethyl cellulose/graphene oxide bio-nanocomposite hydrogel beads as anticancer drug carrier agent

Biodegradable carboxymethyl cellulose/graphene oxide (CMC/GO) nanocomposite hydrogel beads as a drug delivery system were prepared via physically crosslinking with FeCl3·6H2O for controlled release of anticancer drug doxorubicin (DOX). The π-π stacking interaction between DOX and GO resulted in higher loading capacity and controlled release of the DOX loaded from CMC/GO nanocomposites hydrogel. The release profile of DOX from hydrogel beads at pH 6.8 and 7.4 indicated it’s strongly pH dependence. Interaction between GO and DOX with H-bonding could be unstable under acidic conditions which resulted in faster drug release rate in pH 6.8. The formation of GO nanoparticles in the hydrogels was confirmed using X-ray diffraction (XRD), and the chemical structure and morphology of the prepared CMC/GO nanocomposite hydrogel beads were characterized using Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR), SEM and Transmission electron microscopy (TEM). In addition, swelling behavior of nanocomposite hydrogels was investigated in PBS solution.

PH-sensitive bionanocomposite hydrogel beads based on carboxymethyl cellulose/ZnO nanoparticle as drug carrier

The present work explains the preparation of new pH-sensitive bionanocomposite beads based on carboxymethyl cellulose (CMC) and ZnO nanoparticles for use as controlled release drug delivery systems. Fe3+ ion as physical crosslinking agent was used to prepare ionic cross-linked bionanocomposite hydrogel beads. Propranolol hydrochloride (PPN) has been chosen as a model drug. Characterization of the pH-sensitive bionanocomposite beads resulting from incorporation of different content of ZnO nanoparticles into CMC matric was carried out using different experimental techniques: XRD, FT-IR, TGA, SEM and EDX. Propranolol incorporation efficiency in beads was determined by UV–vis spectroscopy and was found to be high. Moreover, the swelling and drug release properties of the bionanocomposite hydrogels were investigated. The prepared bionanocomposite beads showed a pH sensitive swelling behavior with maximum water absorbing at pH 7.4. Also, it was found that the swelling ratio of ZnO/CMC hydrogels in different aqueous solutions was rather higher in comparison with its neat hydrogel. In vitro drug release test was carried out to prove the effectiveness of this novel type of bionanocomposite hydrogel beads as a controlled drug delivery system. A more sustained and controlled drug releases were observed for ZnONPs containing NaCMC beads, which increased by the increase in ZnONPs content.