Volume Of Biogas Research Articles

Paper Waste Co-Digestion, Combined Milling, and Hydrothermal Pretreatment for Improved Biogas Production

This research, conducted in two experiments, focused on the effect of co-digestion and combined hydrothermal with milling pretreatment of paper waste (PW) and chicken manure (CM) on biogas production. In the first experiment, three reactors labeled B-D contained varying ratios of the feedstock (4:1, 3:2, 1:1) with control reactors A and E respectively containing milled paper waste (MPW) and chicken manure (CM) alone were prepared and assessed for biogas production. In the second experiment, the optimum co-digested mixture (reactor D) with a ratio of 1:1 and cumulative biogas volume (633.5mL/gVS) was selected from the first experiment and duplicated (reactor F) for the hydrothermal pretreatment. All digesters were operated at a temperature of 45oC for 32 days. The results revealed that reactor F, which contained the hydrothermally pretreated paper waste, showed a significant cumulative biogas yield of 1095.5 mL/gVS which was 1.7 times higher, surpassing control reactor D with a yield of 633.5 mL/gVS. Bacterial isolates present in the substrates and inoculum belonged to the following genera: Staphylococcus (50%), Lactobacillus (22.2%), Micrococcus (16.7%), and Bacillus (11.1%). The research outcome showed that co-digestion combined with hydrothermal pretreatment method led to enhanced biogas production. These results highlight how creative pretreatment methods can optimize waste-to-energy operations, supporting both renewable energy production and sustainable waste management.

Development and in-vitro assessment of novel oxygen-releasing feed additives to reduce enteric ruminant methane emissions

Ruminant livestock contribute significantly to global methane production and mitigation of which is of utmost importance. Feed additives represent a cost-effective means of achieving this. A potential target for such additives is rumen Oxidative Reduction Potential (ORP), a parameter which influences CH4 production rates, with methanogenesis occurring optimally at ORPs below -300mV. Thus, a controlled elevation of rumen ORP represents a potentially benign means of methanogen suppression. This research involved assessing a range of oxygen-releasing compounds for their ability to increase rumen ORP and inhibit methanogenesis, using the in-vitro rumen simulation technique (RUSITEC). Seven potential CH4 inhibitors were tested in a 21-day trial monitoring biogas volume, CH4 content, ORP, digestibility, ammonia, and volatile fatty acids concentration. The additives evaluated included: liquid peroxide (H2O2) and urea hydrogen peroxide (UHP), as well as slower reacting species (calcium and magnesium peroxide), in addition to encapsulated liquid H2O2 for controlled, slow release. Consistent CH4 reductions of >50% were observed from all additives. Reduced neutral detergent fibre (NDF) digestibility and a reduction in total volatile fatty acids (VFAs) was observed for some treatments, but MgO2 and encapsulated H2O2 reduced CH4 volume by 62% and 58%, respectively, and had no detrimental effects on digestibility (p>0.05) or on VFA production. Ex-situ ORP measurements demonstrated significant increases in ORP upon addition of the additives, with MgO2 and encapsulated H2O2 inducing a more moderate effect suggesting a controlled additive release was achieved with the slow-release format of encapsulated liquid H2O2. Thus, potential slow-release forms deemed suitable to progress to bolus or pellet format in-vivo were identified and could enable a longer-lasting suppression of methanogens within the rumen, facilitating application in both intensive and pasture-based production systems.

Analysis of the Results of Experimental Studies of Sewage Sludge Treatment in the Biotechnology Laboratory

Background: The use of bioreactors at sewage treatment plants solves an environmental problem at water utilities in the Udmurt Republic, as sludge beds are overflowing due to the fact that tens of tons of sewage sludge have been stored on sludge beds every day since the 1980s and amount to hectares of land. Objective: The results of experimental studies on the processing of wastewater sludge in the Biotechnology laboratory were analyzed to improve the efficiency of the technological process for the disposal of organic waste using a biogas plant and a process activator. Methods: The methodology for preparing a biogas plant for entering the operating mode and further operation is presented. An algorithm for experimental studies using a biogas plant and obtaining biogas from organic waste is presented. Results: The article presents an analysis of the results of experimental studies of sewage sludge treatment under periodic psychrophilic and, subsequently mesophilic operating conditions of the bioreactor in relation to the climatic conditions of the Udmurt Republic. The results of experimental studies in the article are presented in the form of graphical dependencies of the volume of produced biogas on the temperature and duration of the process. Results: The article presents the dynamics of changes in the volume of produced biogas depending on the increase in temperature and duration of the process under the mesophilic operating mode of the bioreactor. On the first day of the experiment under the mesophilic mode in the bioreactor, the volume of produced biogas was 2.15% (7.41 g) at a temperature of 32 ° C; with increasing temperature, the volume of produced biogas increased. The maximum biogas production was observed on the fifth day of the experiment under the mesophilic mode and amounted to 7.66%, which corresponds to 26.41 g. Conclusion: The recommended loading volume of biomass into the bioreactor is 80 liters. In accordance with the actual conditions of the sewage treatment facilities, the volume of biogas produced will be 26,000 m3 of methane daily during the period of anaerobic fermentation in the bioreactor. To solve the environmental problem, it is necessary to install a complex of bioreactors at the water utilities of the Udmurt Republic.

Modeling and Optimization of Chemical Pretreatment for Enhanced Co-Digestion of Paper Sludge

<p>In papermaking industry, large water consumption and hazardous wastes generation, particularly paper sludge, present environmental challenges. This study focuses on the valorization of the paper sludge by optimizing the extraction of total sugars through chemical treatment under various operating conditions. A central composite design was used to investigate treatment conditions, by varying chemical treatment agent (sulfuric acid, H2SO4, phosphoric acid, H3PO4, sodium hydroxide, NaOH, and hydrogen peroxide, H2O2), agent concentration (0.75%, 1.5%, and 2%) and treatment duration (up to 140 minutes). Additionally, experiments were conducted to assess biogas production, with monitoring of key parameters such as  cumulative biogas volume, chemical oxygen demand (COD) and total sugar. Results were analyzed using the modified Seaman model to elucidate chemical treatment reaction mechanisms. Optimal conditions, achieved with 2% (v/v) sulfuric acid treatment at 100°C for 120 minutes, yielded a maximum total sugar concentration of 1738.96 mg/L. These findings demonstrate the potential for efficient utilization of paper sludge for bioconversion into biogas, contributing to sustainable waste management and resource recovery. </p>

The Effect of Alkaline Pretreatment of Spent Malting Grains for Biogas Production, Mathematical Modeling and Process Optimization

Spent grains from brewing industries are considered a suitable source for biogas production due to their high accessibility and affordability. However, lignocellulosic material, due to its fiber content (cellulose, hemicellulose, and lignin), meets implementation issues in the anaerobic digestion process. To enhance the efficiency of anaerobic digestion of brewery spent grain, an alkaline treatment was performed using sodium hydroxide (NaOH). The parameters of alkaline treatment were temperature (T) and soda-spent grain ratio (S/D). The characterization of the raw spent grains indicates that the organic matter (OM), total organic carbon (TOC), nitrogen (N), protein (P), N/C ratio, and pH were 99%, 57.39%, 3%, 18.75%, 19.13%, and 5.6, respectively. The respective contents of hemicellulose, cellulose, and lignin were 33.3%, 30.4%, and 6.5%. The pre-treatment process yielded a 5% reduction in hemicellulose and a 43% reduction in cellulose while increasing the volume of biogas produced from 0 to 577 mL. After pre-treatment, two biodigesters produced volumes of 23.03 mL/per day (100 °C with a soda/spent grain ratio of 0.01%) and 22 mL/per day (28 °C with a soda/spent grain ratio of 0.05%). The mathematical model showed an interaction between temperature and S/D ratio. The predictive modeling analysis presented that the maximum volume of biogas can be obtained as 23.3 mL/per day after pre-treatment of spent grains at 100 °C with a NaOH/spent grain ratio of 0.01.

Biogas production using cheese whey in a bioreactor controlled by an Arduino-based system

Implementation of a bioreactor with control and data capture to produce biogas from cheese whey in a dark fermentation process is presented. Sensors MQ8 for hydrogen and MQ4 for methane (to determine composition), ultrasound (for biogas volume), pressure, temperature and pH, were integrated into a single Arduino card, plus two peristaltic pumps for pH control and feeding. A single block programming allows data capture and pH control, while Excel interface allows a single screen visualization of response graphs in real time. For start-up and testing, granular activated sludge was used as inoculum, under anaerobic conditions, at pH 5.5 and 35 °C. 240 h batch operation gave a production of 73 L H2 Kg-1 CODlactose. In later stages, the H2 production kinetics will be carried out with the aim of optimizing, as well as the use of IoT for remote monitoring of the system.

A Low-Cost IoT System Based on the ESP32 Microcontroller for Efficient Monitoring of a Pilot Anaerobic Biogas Reactor

A pilot anaerobic bioreactor requires near-daily monitoring and frequent maintenance. This study aimed to upgrade a pilot bioreactor into a low-cost IoT device via ESP32 microcontrollers. The methodology was based on remote data acquisition and online monitoring of various parameters towards assessing the anaerobic digestion performance. A semi-continuous tank bioreactor with a 60 L total volume was initially inoculated mainly with livestock manure and fed daily with a mixture of glucose, gelatin, and oleic acid, supplemented with a basic anaerobic medium. Under steady-state conditions, the organic loading rate was 2 g VS LR−1 d−1. Sensors for pH, temperature, REDOX potential, and ammonium concentration, along with devices measuring biogas volume and methane content, were integrated and validated against analytical methods. Biogas production was recorded accurately, enabling the early detection of production declines through ex-situ data analysis. Methane concentration variance was less than 6% compared to gas chromatography, while temperature and pH deviations were 0.15% and 1.67%, respectively. Ammonia ion measurements required frequent recalibration due to larger fluctuations. This IoT-enhanced system effectively demonstrated real-time monitoring of critical bioreactor parameters, with ESP32 enabling advanced control and monitoring capabilities.

Biogas Potential Assessment of Co-digestion of Various Wastes (Cassava Residues, Poultry Droppings and Household Waste) in the Gbêkê Region, Bouaké, Central Ivory Coast

Assessing the potential for biogas from cassava residues, poultry droppings and household waste in Bouaké will help determine the viability of a sustainable energy project. Cassava is abundant in this region, and its exploitation produces starch-rich residues, a potential source of biogas through anaerobic digestion. Poultry droppings from livestock farming and household waste are respectively sources of biomass rich in nitrogen and various organic materials. Unfortunately, poor management of these wastes leads to environmental problems, including foul odors that encourage disease, and soil and groundwater pollution. It is therefore necessary to quantify this waste with a view to transforming it into renewable energy. To do this, we began by collecting cassava residues and household waste from attiéké production cooperatives and some restaurants, and poultry droppings from city farms. After collection, we sorted and mixed the different types of waste with water, then filled the digesters. And finally, we made different formulations from these wastes for biogas production. During the process, the results obtained from the physico-chemical characteristics of the waste give respectively for pH 6.4 and 7.4, for BOD5 25 442 mg/L and 19 475 mg/L, for COD 74 400 mg/L and 62 100 mg/L, for MES 3 733 mg/L and 2 675 mg/L, for MS 11.6% and 8.1%, for VDM 64.3% and 58.2%. Concerning biogas composition and production, methane is estimated at 56.5% on average, with a standard deviation of 6.1, giving a biogas volume of 3.2 m3. These results provide valuable indications for the planning and development of biogas production facilities in Bouaké. They encourage the adoption of renewable energies, waste reduction and better management of organic residues, thus contributing to the environmental and economic sustainability of the region.

Investigating the Synergistic Effect of Temperature and pH Dynamics on Biogas Yield from Lignocellulosic Biomass Codigested with Cow dung

The study investigated biogas production from control, pre-treated and blended waste samples, while also examining the interaction effects of ambient temperature (AT), slurry temperature (ST), and pH on the biogas volume generated from the waste samples. Experimental research design was adopted for the study. Nine biodigesters of 32L capacity labelled A-I, control (A-C), pre-treated (D-F) and blended (G-I) waste samples were used for the experiment. The digestion was carried out for a period of 35 days using the water displacement method in a laboratory scale bio-digester system. Data analysis was carried out using Excel, SPSS and STATA softwares. The methods used included descriptive statistics, multiple regression and Analysis of Variance (ANOVA). The pH and temperature readings for 35 days ranged from (6.5-8.4), AT (20-290C), ST (23-380C). Based on the study's results, there was a significant difference in the volume of biogas generated among the waste samples (F=6.4, SS=659.379, p=0.002, df=314). Specifically, significant differences were observed between the control and pre-treated samples (p=0.01) and between the control and blended samples (p=0.036). The effects of AT and ST (P=0.03) on the volume of biogas were not significant when analyzed individually; however, an interaction effect between AT and ST on biogas yield was observed. Also, pH, influenced the gas production significantly (F=3.954, p=0.021) likely due to its influence on microbial and enzymatic activity. The interaction effect showed that both temperature and pH had a combined effect on volume of biogas produced (p=0.003). These results underscore the importance of temperature and pH control in optimizing biogas production. Improved understanding of these factors could enhance anaerobic digestion processes, thus reducing greenhouse gas emissions, promoting resource efficiency and supporting circular economy principles.

Temperature and pH Effects on High-Methane Biogas Production

Objective: Biomass is a renewable, widely available, and economically viable energy source for use in anaerobic digestion processes to produce biogas and methane (CH₄). To harness this potential, various technologies have been improved to better reuse organic waste, such as those from the agroindustry, to generate renewable energy and also to contribute to minimizing the environmental risks caused by the improper disposal of these materials. The objective of this study was to define the best operational conditions for the production of biogas and CH₄ from the anaerobic co-digestion of bovine manure, cassava wastewater, and coffee husk. Methods: All tests showed significant biogas production with at least 80% methane. The statistical tool of experimental design made it possible to identify an inversely proportional relationship between pH and temperature, within the conditions analyzed for these factors. Results: Thus, it was defined that the combination of an initial pH above 9.5 and a temperature below 35 °C is capable of resulting in a biogas volume > 600 cm³ and CH₄ > 500 cm³. For example, the best experimental performance was obtained with an initial pH of 10.0 and a temperature of 30 °C, which resulted in 798.72 cm³ of biogas and 638.98 cm³ of CH₄ accumulated after 15 days of hydraulic retention time. These best experimental conditions enabled 58.53% removal of chemical oxygen demand and a final pH close to neutrality (6.3). Conclusion: This represents good fermentation conditions for methanogenic bacteria and confirms the feasibility of using co-digestion of the three evaluated residues.

Effect of Codigestion of Rice Straw, Fish Meal, and Cow Manure on Biogas Production and Quality of Solid Bioslurry Fertilizer

The solid phase bioslurry (sludge) had the potential to be used as organic fertilizer. However, the NPK content in it did not meet SNI standards. This research aimed to study the effect of adding rice straw and fish meal to cow dung substrate for anaerobic processing, on the NPK content of the sludge produced and biogas production. Two digesters were used, which functioned as a control and a codigestion digester. Initially, in both digesters, starter breeding was carried out in batches. After the starter had grew well, then the substrate along with water was fed continuously at 88 mL/day in each digester, and an output of 88 mL/day was also produced. Analysis of COD, sCOD, VFA concentrations, and measurements of the pH values of feed and output were carried out every 3 days. Biogas volume measurements were carried out every day. The process was stopped when conditions were steady. At the end of the process, an analysis of the NPK content in the sludge and the methane content in the biogas were carried out. The results showed that biogas from codigestion content almost no methane. However, the sludge contained NPK within the range of SNI standard. Keywords: Biogas, Cow dung, Fish meal, Rice straw, Solid bioslurry fertilizer.

Optimization of biogas production based on cow manure, tempeh waste and water hyacinth plants using the anaerobic digestion method

Abstract The objective of this study is to produce biogas from livestock manure, water hyacinth and tempeh liquid waste which is actually dangerous for the surrounding environment. Water hyacinth has a high hemicellulose content, while animal waste and tempeh liquid waste can produces CH4 gas even the BOD and COD values are quite high. By using anaerobic digestion method, we will convert the material into methane gas. This research took a total of 28 days with by using other materials also such as NaOH, H2SO4, stater, aquadest. After conducting research, the most optimal results for the total biogas volume were obtained by variable A5 (86.63% cow dung: 4.70% water hyacinth: 8.66% tempeh liquid waste) with total volume of 2360 ml and the highest amount of methane/CH4 gas is obtained by A6 (86.63% cow dung: 4.70% water hyacinth: 8.66% tempeh liquid waste) with a value of 830581.83 ppm. While the lowest CH4 shows by variable A1 with total amount of 209601.39 ppm. This shows that water hyacinth is not sufficient to increase the potential amount of biogas produced.

Palm oil mill effluent variation stage treatment methods to reduce organic matter in biogas production

Abstract Palm Oil Mill Effluent (POME) is a promising resource for biogas production. Despite its acidic nature (pH), which can hinder optimal biogas output, this study has shown that with the right treatments, POME can be a primary material for biogas production. This discovery offers hope for the future of waste management. This study conducted a comprehensive study with 4 treatments using cow dung as a starter and NaOH as a pH controller, with as many as four repetitions to investigate variation POME volume (5 and 3 L) on different stage methods of fermentation (single stage and double stage of bioreactor). The purpose of this study was to obtain the percentage decrease in organic matter, pressure, and volume of biogas, as well as flame and flame duration. The methods used in this study were single-stage anaerobic bioreactors and two-stage anaerobic bioreactors. The results showed the highest percentage of organic matter reduction found in treatment using a Double-stage anaerobic bioreactor with 3 L of POME was 1.26%, biogas volume was 1,900.38 ml, biogas pressure was 1.0151 bar, and the duration of the flame was 68.50 seconds with a blue flame.

Evaluation of the efficiency of dry anaerobic digester in the production of biogas and fertilizer using activated sludge and plant waste.

The process of dry anaerobic digestion (DAD) is an effective economic and environmentally friendly method due to its features such as reducing the volume of waste, destroying pathogens, consuming less energy, and producing biogas rich in energy and fertilizer. This study was conducted on a pilot scale with a reactor volume of 24L in 30 days for three ratios of C/N: 30, 25, and 20 separately using a mixture of activated sludge and plant waste. During the process, the temperature, pH, and ratio of C/N were measured at certain times, and the percentage of gases produced by the Gas chromatography (GC) device was also measured. The results were compared with the National standard of Iran (Compost, Physical, and Chemical Specifications) at the end of the process. The results showed that the average volume of biogas produced in ratios of C/N: 30, 25, 20 is 1.7, 2.5, and 1.5L. d-1, respectively. The results showed that in the C/N ratio of 20, and 25, the amount of, C/N ratio and NO3 are in the range the standard of class 1, and the amount of Phosphorus pentoxide (P2O5) is in the range the standard of class 2. The results showed that the average microbial parameters in ratios of C/N: 30, 25, and 20 are lower than the national standard of Iran. The dry digester is an efficient method in waste treatment, methane gas production, and quality fertilizer close to the national standard of Iran.

Effect of varying volumes of anaerobic microbial inoculum on biodegradation and biogas production from black water

Effect of varying volumes of anaerobic microbial inoculum on biodegradation and biogas production from black water

Low-energy advanced wastewater treatment using submerged nanofiltration

Low-energy advanced wastewater treatment using submerged nanofiltration

Bio-valorization of Cow Dung for Green Renewable Energy

Recovering organic waste, mainly animal manure, to produce biogas (through bio-methanization) could be seen as an economical, decentralized and environmentally friendly solution for farm waste management since it provides energy autonomy and sustainable agricultural development in rural areas. In this work, cow manure from a cattle farm located in Bouzereah, was used as a substrate. An experimental set up consists of 1.5-liter glass batch digester with a total solid concentration of 5.15%, a heating system (thermostated bath) and a magnetic stirring system. The experiment was monitored for 36 days in a thermophilic environment (55°C). The monitored physico-chemical characteristics of cow dung samples; are: pH, acidity, alkalinity, biogas volume and chemical oxygen demand (COD). Biogas production began at a rate of 0.27 L/day on day 11, with a total biogas potential over 50 L/kg of dried solid. The observed buffering capacity indicate a promising potential to use this substrate in co-digestion process namely for acidic substrate such as chees-whey and household wastes.

Influence of Molasses and Caesalpinia spinosa Meal Inoculums on Biogas Production from Cattle Manure

The management of organic waste through anaerobic digestion is an alternative to energy recovery. This research focused on evaluating the production of biogas with different inoculums. For this purpose, two types of systems were implemented—one used a heating system controlled by an STC-1000 thermostat, while the other used a solar heating system under a polycarbonate parabolic trough. The experiment was carried out at laboratory level with 3 L PET bottle biodigesters and the biogas produced was collected with the water displacement technique in 3 L bottles, calibrated every 50 mL, over 43 days. Inoculums of the following manure concentrations were used: water (1:5, 1:2, 1:3) mixed with Caesalpinia spinosa meal and molasses. The results determined that the thermostat-controlled heating system generated 69.6 mL/day of biogas while the other system produced 610.9 mL/day. On the other hand, the T1 treatment with a manure:water ratio of 1:5 and molasses and Caesalpinia spinosa meal inoculums in both systems had a higher average biogas volume. In terms of methane (CH₄), the highest value of 76.9% was obtained through the T1 treatment under the controlled heating system. This allows the production of biogas with a high concentration of methane, which in future applications can be utilized for residential or industrial purposes, promoting economic, social and environmental development. Since the main challenge in the production of biogas is to reduce the digestion time, which is influenced by the temperature of the site, two types of inoculums with a low cost and easy access were used.

Co-digestion of Sewage Sludge and Biowaste for Biogas Production, GHG Avoided Emissions, and Profitable Carbon Credit Development

In Estonia, where biowaste comprises a significant portion of municipal waste, efficient waste management strategies are essential. Co-digestion presents a promising avenue to enhance biogas yield and reduce greenhouse gas emissions. This study explores the potential of co-digesting sewage sludge and biowaste for biogas production, emphasizing carbon credit calculation and offset project development. Sewage sludge was effectively utilized as a co-feedstock for the co-digestion process, contributing to increased biogas production. In Narva City, 20,401.08037 m3 /year of biogas was produced in 2012, facilitating the generation of electricity from renewable sources and thus reducing GHG emissions, which facilitates the calculation of carbon credits. We developed a robust carbon offset project based on the biogas volume, meeting additionality criteria and demonstrating long-term benefits. The revenue potential from carbon credits ranged from 118 EUR to 41300 EUR, depending on market prices and project attributes. Moreover, the offset project and calculated carbon credits offer tangible benefits to sustainable waste management and the implementation of the circular economy. By valorizing sewage sludge and biowaste through anaerobic digestion, the project contributes to waste diversion from landfills, reduces methane emissions, and promotes renewable energy generation. This integrated approach aligns with principles of sustainable waste management and supports the transition towards a circular economy model. Our findings provide valuable insights for policymakers and stakeholders interested in leveraging anaerobic digestion for renewable energy production and carbon mitigation.

Analysis of The Utilization of Palm Oil Liquid Waste (POME) as A Biogas Power Plant at Palm Oil Mill Bandar Pasir Mandoge

The development of oil palm plantations in Indonesia is so rapid. Palm oil produces liquid waste in the form of Palm Oil Mill Effluent (POME). POME waste, if left untreated, will result in environmental pollution, especially in aquatic ecosystems. The Pasir Mandoge Biogas Power Plant (BPP) is a power plant built by PTPN IV Bandar Pasir Mandoge which utilizes POME waste which is the product of the Pasir Mandoge Palm Oil Mill into a new and renewable energy source in the PTPN IV Bandar Pasir Mandoge area. This study aims to determine the process of utilizing POME waste as a Biogas Power Plant at the Palm Oil Mill Bandar Pasir Mandoge as well as the amount of POME waste and biogas volume needed to produce 1,1 x 2 MW of power. This research uses a qualitative approach. Data collection was carried out by interview, observation, and documentation methods. Data analysis uses data reduction, data presentation, and conclusions drawn. The results showed that the total volume of biogas produced from 1.320 tons of FFB was 23.760 m3. With a production capacity of 60 Tons/Hour and POME produced at 60% with a production hour of 22 hours/day. Biogas produced per m3 POME is 30m3/m3 with a storage period of 44 hours. To produce 1,1 x 2 MW of power, it requires 2,640 tons of palm oil FFB, 1.584 m3 of POME waste, and 47,520 m3 of biogas. To meet the capacity of 2 MW.