Biogas Flow Rate Research Articles

Experimental Studies on Utilization of Biogas with Biodiesel/Diesel Blends in a CI Engine

The present study covers the utilization of a gaseous alternative fuel, raw biogas, in a diesel engine. Biogas alone cannot run a diesel engine, because gaseous fuel cannot burn by compression. It can be supplied to the CI engines in dual fuel mode by using an air-biogas mixer device. In this work, it is aimed to investigate the performance and emission characteristics of a biogas-biodiesel/diesel dual fuel mode diesel engine by employing a venturi gas mixer device for providing a homogeneous mixture. The performance and emission characteristics of the engine operated by dual-fuel mode were experimentally investigated, and compared to diesel. The results indicated that biogas inducted at a flow rate of 1L/min was found to have better performance and lower emission, than that of the other flow rates. On the other hand, dual-fuel mode with a biogas flow rate of BD10 BG@1L/min showed an average reduction in BTE of 9.94% and an average increment of 8.82% in BSFC as compared to diesel. Whereas an increment in CO and HC by 5.18% and 3.01% respectively and an average reduction in NOx emissions by 14.91% as compared to diesel. Keywords: Alternative Fuel, Biogas, Biodiesel, Diesel Engine, Dual-fuel, Venturi Gas Mixer

Intensified biogas to liquid (IBGTL) Process: Experimental validation and modeling analysis

The Intensified Biogas to Liquid (IBGTL) process aims to overcome traditional economy-of-scale barriers in biogas-to-liquid fuel production by integrating bi-reforming and Fischer-Tropsch synthesis (FTS) in a single IBGTL reactor. This reactor operates at uniform pressure with different optimized temperatures across two zones for efficient conversion, utilizing multifunctional bi-reforming catalysts and high-temperature FTS catalysts.Bench scale experiments were carried out using landfill gas (LFG) in a single pass process, and the yield data from these experiments were fed into process scale-up design and techno-economic analysis (TEA) across four scenarios: (1) a single pass process, (2) a process with material recycling, (3) a process with liquefied petroleum gas (LPG) co-product recovery, and (4) a process with electricity generation from the fuel gas produced. TEA identified Scenario 2 as the most cost-effective, achieving a Minimum Fuel Selling Price (MFSP) of $4.59 per gallon, competitive with the current national diesel price of $4.7 per gallon. However, comparison with the conventional two-reactor system highlights the need for catalyst performance improvements.Sensitivity analysis emphasized the importance of manufacturing cost, liquid fuel yield, and biogas flow rate. Further analysis determined that the IBGTL process must achieve a diesel mass yield beyond 11.7% to surpass the economic viability of the conventional TriFTS (Tri-reforming followed by Fischer-Tropsch Synthesis) process. If the IBGTL process attains the TriFTS yield of up to 17%, the resulting MFSP could be approximately 31% lower than the current TriFTS MFSP. Renewable energy credits and carbon credits can further enhance the economic viability of BGTL processes.

Machine learning based prognostics and statistical optimization of the performance of biogas-biodiesel blends powered engine

In this study, waste biomass-derived biogas was employed as the main fuel while the biodiesel-diesel blend was used as pilot fuel. This paper describes the development of a Decision Tree and Response Surface methodology-based statistical framework for prediction modeling and optimization. The compression ratio, fuel injection time, fuel injection pressure, and biogas flow rate were employed as controllable inputs, and brake thermal efficiency, peak combustion pressure, and exhaust emission were selected as responses. The experimental data for model development was gathered for the development of prediction models and optimization. The decision tree-based models were robust with almost negligible mean squared errors and R2 values of more than 0.9487 for all models. Response surface methodology-based optimized engine parameters were validated with the following results compression ratio was 17.9, fuel injection pressure was 225 bar, fuel injection timing was 26.3-degree crank angle after top dead center, and the biogas flow rate was 0.85 kg/h. Validation results were within 5 % of the model-optimized results. The prognostic models for all control factors were developed with decision tree-based machine learning with high predictive efficiency and low errors.

Unlocking the potential of biogas systems for energy production and climate solutions in rural communities

On-site conversion of organic waste into biogas to satisfy consumer energy demand has the potential to realize energy equality and mitigate climate change reliably. However, existing methods ignore either real-time full supply or methane escape when supply and demand are mismatched. Here, we show an improved design of community biogas production and distribution system to overcome these and achieve full co-benefits in developing economies. We take five existing systems as empirical examples. Mechanisms of synergistic adjusting out-of-step biogas flow rates on both the plant-side and user-side are defined to obtain consumption-to-production ratios of close to 1, such that biogas demand of rural inhabitants can be met. Furthermore, carbon mitigation and its viability under universal prevailing climates are illustrated. Coupled with manure management optimization, Chinese national deployment of the proposed system would contribute a 3.77% reduction towards meeting its global 1.5 °C target. Additionally, fulfilling others’ energy demands has considerable decarbonization potential.

Effects of using acetylene-enriched biogas on performance and exhaust emissions of a dual fuel stationary diesel engine

Biogas, which can be produced easily and cost effective from agricultural and animal waste, is an attractive alternative fuel to drive stationary diesel engine especially in rural areas. In this study, the effects of using acetylene enriched biogas under very lean mixture conditions in a four stroke, two cylinder, air-cooled diesel engine capable of developing 11.5 kW at 3000 rpm on performance and exhaust emissions were experimentally investigated. The experiments were carried out at 10 Nm, 20 Nm and 30 Nm torque. Acetylene flow rate of 2 slpm, biogas flow rate of 15 slpm and the engine speed of 1750 rpm were kept constant. The results showed that more than 36 % diesel substitution was possible with acetylene-enriched biogas at the specified flow rate without any degradation in normal operation. Moreover, the experimental findings revealed that the use of biogas and acetylene reduced brake thermal efficiency by 21.7 % and 5.8 % at 10 Nm and 20 Nm torque but only reduced by 0.6 % at 30 Nm torque. The exhaust gas temperature of dual fuel mode was found to be higher than the case of diesel mode especially at 20 and 30 Nm torque. While NO emission were lower, CO, and CO2 emission were higher in dual fuel mode compared to single diesel mode.

Modeling, Simulation, and Membrane Wetting Estimation in Gas-Liquid Contacting Processes Including Shell-Side Reaction: Biogas Upgrading Using DEA Solution.

The basic principles of a steady-state mass transfer model and the resistance-in-series film model are assessed with the aid of a series of experiments in a gas-liquid contact membrane mini-module (3 M Liqui-Cel MM-1.7 × 5.5) using an aqueous solution of diethanolamine (DEA) of 0.25 M (mol/L) for biogas upgrading. Experimental data show that CO2 removal may exceed 67% and reach 100% in combination with the highest possible recovery of CH4 when employing biogas flow rates in the range of 2.8 × 10-5 - 3.6 × 10-5 m3/s and solvent flow rates within 0.47 × 10-5 - 0.58 × 10-5 m3/s. For the experimental data set, a correlation has been developed, effectively interpolating CO2 removal with the gas and liquid flow rates. The wetting values calculated are concentrated close to each other for the same liquid flow rate without considerably depending on the gas flow rate, especially when applying the Hikita-Yun (reaction rate-shell-side correlation) compared with the Hikita-Costello pair. Furthermore, the calculated wetting diminishes with increasing liquid flow rate, a result that is consistent with previous modeling attempts and relevant literature indications. The assumption of enhanced mass transfer in the liquid-filled part of the membrane pores due to the reaction is scrutinized, leading to objectionable computational wetting values. It is shown that for a concentration of DEA equal to 0.25 M the Hatta numbers and the enhancement factors are not equal in the whole reaction path; thus, the choice of the shell-side correlation has an appreciable impact on the overall analysis, especially for the determination of the wetting values.

Photosynthetic process for removing H2S and CO2 from biogas using the microalgae Chlorella sorokiniana

Biogas is an alternative source of energy that contributes on reducing the emissions of polluting gas in comparison to fossil fuels as well as promoting the treatment of organic waste. However depending on the substrate used in its production, it may have a high concentration of carbon dioxide (CO2) and hydrogen sulfide (H2S); in these cases a treatment is necessary to make its use viable, for comply with current legislation and avoid damage to materials and health. Currently, the most widely used methods are physical-chemical, such as absorption, adsorption, membrane separation, and Pressure Swing Adsorption (PSA), among others. However, these methods are expensive and generate waste that needs to be treated. In this sense, biological methods have proved to be promising alternatives, especially photosynthetic processes using microalgae. This study aimed to evaluate the efficiency in removing CO2 and H2S from biogas through a bench-scale purifier prototype consisting of a photobioreactor and an absorption column, in a continuous biogas flow system. The experiment lasted 240 hours, during which 9 m³ of biogas were treated. In the first 24 hours, the flow rate was 1 L/min, resulting in an average removal of 60.8% of H2S and 20.2% of CO2. Between 24 hours and 240 hours of the study, the average biogas flow rate was 0.54 L/min, and an improvement in removal was observed, reaching 83.4% of H2S and 29.7% of CO2. The system showed efficiency in biogas treatment. However, possibilities for improvement were identified in terms of biogas flow and process, which could further enhance the results presented here.

Performance and emission characteristics of biogas fuelled dual fuel engine with waste plastic oil as secondary fuel

This study investigates the performance, emission and combustion characteristics of a stationary engine under diverse operating conditions. The research focuses on the impact of waste plastic oil (WPO) blends with and without biogas addition. WPO added in diesel at various proportions such as 20%, 35% and 50% by volume. Biogas is inducted through inlet manifold. Biogas flow rate was varied. This study introduces a pioneering approach by investigating the superior performance of WPO blends coupled with the unique exploration of biogas addition, revealing intricate relationships between fuel blends and combustion characteristics for enhanced stationary engine efficiency and reduced emissions. Notably, WPO with 80% diesel (WPO20) demonstrates superior Brake Thermal Efficiency (BTE), showcasing a significant increase compared to WPO35 and WPO50 across varying load conditions. The addition of biogas to WPO20 results in a measurable reduction in BTE due to incomplete combustion, insufficient excess air, and increased emissions. Hydrocarbon (HC) emissions increase with load for WPO blends, with WPO20 exhibiting the lowest HC emissions. Carbon monoxide (CO) emissions are influenced by WPO concentration, with WPO20–B12 and WPO20–B16 dual fuel mode showing varying trends. Nitrogen oxides (NOx) emissions decrease with the addition of biogas, indicating a 10% reduction for WPO20–B16 compared to WPO20–B12. Smoke emissions increase with higher WPO concentrations but decrease with the introduction of biogas, exhibiting a 20% reduction in smoke for WPO20–B16 compared to WPO20–B12.

Perancangan Sistem Kontrol Tekanan Pada Reaktor Biogas Berbasis PID Controller dengan Ziegler-Nichols dan Auto Tuning PSO

Biogas, an eco-friendly energy source, significantly reduces greenhouse gas emissions by converting organic waste or biomass into methane. However, the quality of biogas, primarily determined by methane content and pressure variables, directly impacts its efficiency and safety. This study, which aims to design a pressure control system and monitor methane gas levels in a biogas reactor using a PID Controller with Particle Swarm Optimization (PSO), provides crucial insights into improving biogas production efficiency and safety. Tests were conducted on a fixed dome-type biogas reactor in the East Java region, Indonesia. The PSO-based PID tuning was compared with two other PID tuning methods: Trial-error and Ziegler-Nichols (ZN). Data on pressure values and biogas flow rates from the biogas reactor were collected, and system modeling was carried out to produce a system transfer function. The PSO algorithm was developed to optimize PID control parameters. The results of this research demonstrate that the PID tuning method using PSO produces a stable state error value of 1.40%, rise time of 0.09 s, settling time of 2.1 s, maximum overshoot of 0.986404, and ITAE of 0.0010801. The implementation of PID-PSO can significantly enhance PID control performance in rise time, settling time, maximum overshoot, and ITAE compared to Trial-Error and ZN, while the stable state error value in PID-PSO tuning is higher than tuning using Trial-Error and ZN.

Effectiveness of Water-Amine Combined Process for CO2 Extraction from Biogas

Abstract The EU countries are implementing biomethane production projects from biogas, supplying it to the natural gas distribution grid, or using it as motor fuel. It is also extremely relevant for Ukraine, supposing the problems with gas import due to Russian aggression. Biogas production from landfills, agriculture waste, and sewage is already implemented in Ukraine, so the next step must be biomethane production on an industrial scale and the selection of biogas separation technology is important. Using 11 years of industrial experience in biogas production from landfills, wide experience of the different methane-containing gases separations, and small companies’ industrial possibilities, the most applicable separation technologies for Ukraine were selected: amine, water, and combined water amine carbon dioxide separation. These technologies had compared using computer simulation with real landfill biogas flow rate debt. Results of a software simulation of the most applicable water-amine absorption technology were verified using a laboratory setup. For carbon dioxide concentration in biogas at 32–42 % vol., the specific energy consumption when using water absorption is on average 2 times less compared to amine absorption, but at the same time, the loss of methane due to its solubility in water during water absorption amounted to 7.1–7.6 %, with practically no losses in amine absorption, and minor losses at 0.17–2.8 % in combined water-amine technology. The energy consumption of combined water-amine absorption is comparable to that of water absorption due to: a) reduction of heat losses for the regeneration process of saturated amine absorbent, as part of carbon dioxide has already been removed with water technology; b) using the methane excess to compensate power consumption of the biogas compressor during the preliminary water absorption of carbon dioxide and/or to compensate heat costs of the saturated amine absorbent regeneration

Performance optimization of a dual fuel engine with YSZ coating by Grey-Taguchi method

The performance and exhaust emissions of a dual-fuel (DF) coated engine are attempted to optimize by running with diesel and biogas. The impacts of performance indices like biogas flow rate (BGFR), engine load (EL), and compression ratio were varied to optimize the brake thermal efficiency, carbon monoxide (CO), and hydrocarbon (HC) emissions of the thermal barrier coated engine by the Grey-Taguchi technique. In the present research, the design of experiments (DOE) was constructed using an L9 orthogonal array based on the selected levels of input indices. Then, the observed results from the experiment were normalized by applying Grey relational analysis to get optimized thermal efficiency and engine exhaust characteristics by running with biogas. It was noticed that the ideal factor setting was found to be the biogas flow rate at 0.6 kg h−1, EL at 80 %, and compression ratio at 18:1.

Utilisation of Renewable Electricity to Produce Synthetic Methane

This study demonstrates the production of synthetic methane or synthetic natural gas via methanation of carbon dioxide (CO2), which could replace natural gas. For the power-to-methane (P2M) process, a simulation of two-stage methanation with simultaneous power generation was carried out in Aspen Plus. The process is based on an assumed production capacity of 1 t/h of synthetic methane and is also capable of simultaneous methanation of CO2 and biogas. The biogas flow rate was estimated from industry data. When co-methanation is carried out, it is possible to produce up to 1.3 t/h of synthetic methane. After the production of synthetic methane, compression of the product was added to the process scheme, followed by dehydration. The dehydration of the synthetic methane was carried out via dynamic simulation in Aspen Adsorption. The steady-state operation was determined. The final dehydrated product contained on average only about 4.85 × 10−4 mol.% water (H2O) and the methane (CH4) contents were above 97 mol.%, providing a composition suitable for injection into the pipelines of many European countries.

APPLICATION OF INSTRUMENTATION AND CONTROL SYSTEM FOR BIOGAS POWER GENERATION COMMISSIONING AT PTPN V KAMPAR PALM OIL MILL

Biogas Power Plant (PLT) from palm oil mill effluent had been commissioned by a team from the Center of Technology for the Energy Resources and Chemical Industry, Agency for the Assessment and Application of Technology (PTSEIK-BPPT). The biogas power plant is located in PTPN V Kampar, Riau Province. A PLC (Programmable Logic Controller) has been implemented to support the operation of biogas power plant. Proper sensor selection has been done for each measurement applications. A computer and mimic panel is used as an interface for the operation of PLC. The master control system communicates with the slave control systems and Human Machine Interface (HMI) by means of ethernet communication protocol. Commissioning phase is carried out for 2 hours with a load of 450 kW. Instrumentation and control system is able to measure important variables such as fluctuation in methane numbers, pressures, and biogas flow rate to check the suitability of biogas supply in accordance to gas engine specification.

Restructuring anaerobic hydrolysis kinetics in plant-wide models for accurate prediction of biogas production

In this study, the effect of anaerobic hydrolysis rate on biogas production was investigated with mesophilic digesters in seven large-scale wastewater treatment plants. A linear correlation was determined between the percentage of primary sludge mass in the total sludge fed to the digester and the overall anaerobic hydrolysis rate. The anaerobic hydrolysis rate of primary sludge was determined to be three times higher than that of biological sludge. The reduction factors for anaerobic hydrolysis (ηHYD,ana) were identified in the range of 0.11–0.30 which is lower compared to the recommended range (0.30–0.50) given in the literature. This study proposes a new model approach where anaerobic degradation kinetics of influent originated (XB) and decay originated (XB,E) particulate biodegradable organics are separated. Current plant-wide models with a single kinetic expression required recalibration of the model for calculating biogas flowrate for each treatment facility with different primary and secondary sludge ratios fed to the digesters. The new model structure is able to predict biogas production of all wastewater treatment plants without any recalibration effort by segregating degradation kinetics of two particulate biodegradable organic fractions (XB, XB,E).

Experimental and Numerical Evaluation of an HCCI Engine Fueled with Biogas for Power Generation under Sub-Atmospheric Conditions

Energy transition to renewable sources and more efficient technologies is needed for sustainable development. Although this transition is expected to take a longer time in developing countries, strategies that have been widely explored by the international academic community, such as advanced combustion modes and microgeneration, could be implemented more easily. However, the implementation of these well-known strategies in developing countries requires in-depth research because of the specific technical, environmental, social, and economic conditions. The present research relies on the use of biogas-fueled HCCI engines for power generation under sub-atmospheric conditions provided by high altitudes above sea level in Colombia. A small air-cooled commercial Diesel engine was modified to run in HCCI combustion mode by controlling the air–biogas mixture temperature using an electric heater at a high speed of 1800 revolutions per minute. An experimental setup was implemented to measure and control the most important experimental variables, such as engine speed, biogas flow rate, intake temperature, crank angle degree, intake pressure, NOx emissions, and in-cylinder pressure. High intake temperature requirements of around 320 ∘C were needed to achieve stable HCCI combustion; the maximum net indicated mean effective pressure (IMEPn) was around 1.5 bar, and the highest net indicated efficiency was close to 32%. Higher intake pressures and the addition of ozone to the intake mixture were numerically studied as ways to reduce the intake temperature requirements for stable HCCI combustion and improve engine performance. These strategies were studied using a one-zone model along with detailed chemical kinetics, and the model was adjusted using the experimental results. The simulation results showed that the addition of 500 ppm of ozone could reduce the intake temperature requirements by around 50 ∘C. The experimental and numerical results achieved in this research are important for the design and implementation of HCCI engines running biogas for microgeneration systems in developing countries which exhibit more difficult conditions for HCCI combustion implementation.

Innovative high-pressure water scrubber for biogas upgrading at farm-scale using vacuum for water regeneration

Biogas upgrading is becoming essential in the valorization path for biogas. Biomethane from anaerobic digestion is identified to be one of the main resources to decarbonize the energy requirement. However, small-scale (especially farm-scale) applications suffer from a lack of implementation worldwide, mainly limited by the cost of the upgrading process. As one of the most used technologies, High Pressure Water Scrubbing presents a great margin for improvement. The most expansive items in this technology remain the packing column used for absorption and the stripping column used for water regeneration. In this work, the stripping column is replaced by a flash tank submitted to a rough vacuum (up to 0.2 bar in absolute pressure) associated to a static mixer to promote the gas desorption and thus the complete regeneration of the water. The implementation of an anisotropic packing, with properties evolving with the height of the column and adapted to the reduction of the gas flowrate due to absorption, is also investigated in order to reduce the size of the absorption column. A full-scale prototype was developed and implemented on a farm anaerobic digester. The range of application is from 20 to 40 Nm3/h of raw biogas. These field experiments associated to a complete description of the gas fluxes allowed to characterize the device in terms of carbon dioxide absorption efficiency, biomethane purity and methane recovery. Influences of six parameters (absorption pressure, desorption pressure, temperature, water flowrate, biogas flowrate, column height) were elucidated regarding those performances. Results highlight the great improvement of the water regeneration conducted under rough vacuum. From 0.8 to 0.2 bar in absolute pressure, the biomethane purity increased by 10%, the carbon dioxide elimination rate by 14%, and the methane recovery by 19%. With an increase in the packing height using an anisotropic configuration (modification of the packing properties with the column height) suited to the gas flowrate decrease into the column, a biomethane purity over 97% was obtained. The energy consumption associated was measured at 0.8 kWh/Nm3 of raw biogas but can be reduced to 0.3 kWh/Nm3. The overall energy efficiency for biogas upgrading can reach up to 91%. These results could pave the way for gas grid injection and vehicle fuel applications for small-scale anaerobic digestion.

CO2 and H2S Absorption in Tofu Liquid Waste Biogas using Packed Bed Scrubber with Variation of MEA Concentration and Flow Rate

Biogas technology has become an alternative fuel that is often used in Indonesia. One of the raw materials for biogas that has the potential and is easy to obtain is waste from the tofu industry. Liquid waste still contains a lot of organic elements. The organic materials contained in the exhaust of the tofu industry are generally very high. The gases commonly found in tofu waste are nitrogen gas (N2), oxygen (O2), hydrogen sulfide (H2S), ammonia (NH3), carbon dioxide (CO2) and methane (CH4). These gases come from the decomposition of organic materials contained in wastewater. So that biogas produced from tofu liquid waste still contains CO2 and H2S gases which are quite high. Therefore, in this study the process of purification or refining of biogas products will be carried out using the absorption method through an absorber column using monoethanolamine (MEA) solution as a chemical absorbent through a 8 mm packed bed scrubber. The results showed that the best biogas flow rate in the purification process which produced the highest CH4 concentration of 95.12% was 40% MEA concentration and 0.8 L/min flow rate. The effect of MEA concentration on biogas purification causes the concentration of CO2 and H2S in the purified biogas to decrease as the MEA concentration increases. The best combination of 0.8 L/min biogas flow rate and 10 mm packing area reduces CO2 and H2S concentrations to 1.88% and 0 ppm.

Effect of biogas flow rate on the combustion, emission and performance characteristics of dual fuel engine fuelled with ceiba pentandra biodiesel

The proposed research work fundamentally focus on the influence of biogas flow rate on the performance, combustion along with emission characteristics operated on modified dual-fuel diesel engine by-using Ceiba Pentandra oil methyl ester (CPNTOME) and diesel as the injected fuels along with raw and purified biogas as the inducted fuels respectively. As biogas flow rate increases there was reduction in the brake thermal efficiency (BTE), Peak pressure rise (PPR), Nitric oxide (NOx) and smoke emissions while Hydrocarbon (HC), Carbon monoxide (CO) and Ignition delay (ID) were increased from dual fuel engine.

A Quantitative Examination of the Efficiency of a Biogas-Based Cooling System in Rural Regions

This study investigates the efficiency of a biogas-powered cooling system through the utilization of energy and exergy calculations. Biogas, which can be generated and stored in small-scale plants as needed, serves as a viable fuel source for absorption cooling systems. The present research focuses on the biogas consumption of a triple-effect absorption cooling system specifically designed to supply a fixed cooling load of 100 kW under varying operational conditions. This study highlights the coefficient of performance and exergetic coefficient of performance values of the system, along with the exergy destruction rates of its individual components, at the optimal temperatures of operation. Furthermore, to determine necessary biogas consumption, this study explores the establishment of dedicated farms for various animal species, ensuring an adequate number of animals for biogas production. The findings reveal a coefficient of performance of 1.78 and an exergetic coefficient of performance of 35.4% at the optimized operating temperatures. The minimum mass flow rate of biogas is determined to be 0.0034 kgs−1, facilitating the operation of the boiler with a methane content of 65%. This study concludes that a total of 290 head of cattle is required to generate the annual biogas consumption necessary for the cooling system. Additionally, the number of the cattle is enough to establish 284 biogas plants in Bursa Province in Türkiye.

Computational optimization of engine emissions and performance of a CI engine powered with biogas and NiO nanoparticles doped diesel

AbstractTo counter the concern of the future availability of fossil fuel due to ever‐increasing energy demand and the emission generated due to its utilization, alternative renewable fuels, such as biogas and fuel additives in the form of nanoparticles emerge as viable alternative fuels. To date, no research has been carried out on the optimization of the co‐addition rate of nanoparticles and biogas. In this study, engine load (0.7–3.5 kW), Nickel oxide (NiO) Nanoparticles doped rate (NDR, 0–50 ppm), and Biogas Flow Rate (BFR, 0.5–1 kg/h) were selected as independent input variables to optimize compression ignition (CI) engine emission and performance outputs through the response surface methodology (RSM) approach. The F‐value of the RSM model indicates that the engine load variable has the greatest impact on engine output responses, with the BFR and NDR variables following in importance. At 2.54 kW engine load, 47.48 ppm NDR, and 0.747 kg/h BFR, the best engine output response was seen when the RSM model including the desirability function was optimized. Based on the optimization results, an assertion can be made that the use of nanoparticles in conjunction with biogas has a substantial impact on the emissions and efficiency of CI engines.