Bio Fibres Research Articles

Influence of nano industrial waste and short coir fiber filler on hybrid inter and intra yarn bio fiber composites

Bio-polymer composites are emerging as a feasible substitute for conventional polymers in various major fields of applications. In the current research, the impact of hybridization of inter and intra-woven natural engineering fibers namely, brown flax, white flax, and jute of different amalgamations along with commingled SCF and novel nano IW filler has been studied. The composites are manufactured by hand layup process and physical and thermomechanical characteristics of the composites are experimentally studied. The composites mingled with IW filler demonstrated better dimensional stability and mechanical properties such as maximum tensile strength of 36.74 MPa, bending strength of 82.53 MPa, and hardness of 84.89 D compared to other composites. However, elastic and flexural modulus are maximum for composite without any filler. The composites mingled with SCF filler demonstrated the highest impact strength, energy absorption, and elongation. Thermogravimetric analysis and thermal conductivity study demonstrated that the composite with SCF filler exhibited better thermal stability and thermal resistance than the other hybrid composites. Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy study confirms the interaction of hydrogen bonds with different polymers, matrices, and fillers. It is established that the weaving pattern and the filler types greatly influences the mechanical and thermal characteristics of the composites. Filler addition and fabric hybridization optimizes the catastrophic failures and enhances the thermal stability, hence becoming more suitable for small interior structural components in aerospace and automobile applications.

Operative management of chronic isolated rectus femoris rupture with semitendinosus graft and biofiber: A case report

Rectus femoris tear is rare and often overlooked in emergencies. The majority of quadriceps muscle belly injuries can be successfully treated conservatively and for less active, older populations Non-operative management is reasonable. A case report of a 19-year-old male Kabbaddi player who sustained an injury to his rectus femoris muscle belly while playing 5 months back. This young patient did not recover the functional outcome required to get back to running and participating in kabaddi despite 5 months of physiotherapy and non-operative management and had complaints of Pain over midthigh and weakness in quadriceps during hip flexion and knee extension. This leads to Hindrances in Jumping, running, and kicking movements. Tenderness over the midthigh and palpable defect with Pain upon resisted hip flexion or extension was seen.3/5 quadriceps power was noted. Ultrasound and MRI were done to confirm the clinical diagnosis. Operative treatment using the semitendinosus allograft with bio fiber reconstruction system to augment rectus femoris repair allowed immediate full passive flexion of the knee and an early graduated physiotherapy program leading to a return to running and his previous level of sport without any restrictions. Surgical treatment of rectus femoris tear seems to be a good option for Chronic tears.

Reinventing Hemp as Bio Fiber Material for Industrial Applications: Past, Present and the Future

This review paper gives an overview Hemp known as Cannabis Sativa, which has been cultivated and used as an agricultural crop centuries before the Common Area. Hemp has been described as the billion-dollar plant in 1938 but has lost its value in the U.S. and the World due to regulatory and legislature issues since then. Hemp has seen as new push In the U.S. and other parts of the world with the introduction of legislature in the late 20th century in Europe and other parts of the world and recently in the U.S with the 2018 Farm Bill which allows on a federal level to grow Hemp, pending on individual state regulations, allowing Hemp to become a new sustainable crop for many future applications. However, Hemp research in these areas has stalled due to the complexity of the law. Hemp is used in many counties today that do not have as strict regulations as the U.S. and Europe in a variety of applications such as such as beauty products, pharmaceuticals, carpets, industrial insulation materials, paper products, cooking oil, personal care products, and textiles as well as biofuel application to replace petroleum-based fuels and gases due to its low lignin and high cellulose level. In most European countries, and the U.S. cultivars with a level below 0.3% THC are allowed. But cultivation is generally subject to reporting. The use of Hemp plants with higher levels is strictly forbidden in most countries. Usage of Hemp fibers as sustainable environmentally friendly fiber source for energy and industrial applications are slowly moving forwards at present time since there is barely practical large-scale research and pilot installations available about its industrial application potential.

A review on biodegradable composites based on poly (lactic acid) with various bio fibers

A review on biodegradable composites based on poly (lactic acid) with various bio fibers

Obtaining micrometric-scale hollow fibers from wastes aged coir by oxidative chloro-sulfonation of lignin: HClO/H2SO4

Coconut fiber is a lignocellulosic material extracted from the coconut mesocarp. Due to its mechanical properties, coconut fiber has been used as reinforcement in composite materials, which contrasts with a relatively small number of studies where coconut fiber is evaluated as a functional polymeric material. In this research, the extraction and transformation of aged coconut biofibers are proposed for their use as substrate/support into making of functional polymers, specifically for slow release of fertilizers. An interesting property of this material is its hollow-type morphology at micrometric scale. Thus, coconut biofibers (BFs) were mechanically extracted and delignified using mixed-oxidizing system constituted by NaClO and H2SO4 at different pH values (2.0 ≤ pH ≤ 12.0). BFs were thermal, spectroscopic and functionally characterized by different techniques, including infrared and ultraviolet-visible spectroscopies, thermogravimetric analysis, scanning electron microscopy, among others. The bleaching of the fibers and the removal of lignin were evidenced by microscopy. The best results of this stage were seen at pH 4.0, 7.0 and 8.0, being possible obtain different materials depending on three acidity regimens (2.0 ≤ pH ≤ 4.0, 4.0 < pH ≤ 8.0 and 8.0 < pH ≤ 12.0). In addition, delignification achieved is function on pH with a value close to 80 % according to the change of surface color intensity. It is concluded that coconut biofibers are natural structure which can be used as support for the making of functional materials.

Development and mechanical characterization of PLA composites reinforced with jute and nettle bio fibers

Development and mechanical characterization of PLA composites reinforced with jute and nettle bio fibers

Analytical failure analysis of bio/synthetic sandwich pipe under pressure

The objective of this study is to evaluate the potential applications of eco friendly-compositesbased on natural fibers. An analytical model has been developed in the present research to investigate themechanical behavior of sandwich pipes under internal pressure loading. The proposed model gives anaccurate solution for stresses, strains, and displacement on a sandwich pipe consisting of epoxy for thecore layer and reinforced materials with an alternative ply for the skin layers. The purpose of this study isto evaluate the potential applications of three natural fibers, which are pineapple leaf fiber (PALF), Alfa,and jute bio fibers in replacing synthetic glass fiber used in sandwich pipes. The solutions are obtained byusing the MATLAB numerical code. The TSAI-WU criterion was used to provide a failure analysis onthis subject. The distributions of stress, strain, and displacement through the thickness of the skins andcore are shown. Progressive strengthening of layer numbers was chosen to raise the rigidity of a biocomposite sandwich and reduce the gap compared to a synthetic sandwich, which allowed for optimalbehavior. The ultimate pressure and safety factors earned by increasing the number of biocompositelayers are important for composite transportation pressure pipelines, especially for sandwich pipes basedon PALF/epoxy.

Experimental study on bio fiber reinforced composites

Biofibers are an economical, environmentally friendly, and lightweight alternative to traditional materials. Different types of fibers have different properties, and each plays a key role in composites. Screw Pine (Pandanus Odoratissimus) is abundant and strong. This research made and tested NaOH- and Acetic Acid-treated random fiber composites. This research shows the mechanical properties of Pandanus Odoratissimus composite. The stem of the screw pine plant, Pandanus Odoratissimus, contained several interesting fibers (PO fibers). This research will investigate the effect of fibre concentration and alkali treatments on the mechanical properties of unsaturated polyester matrix composites. Similarly, soaking times will vary for alkali treatments. Individual PO fibres exhibit modifications in their cross-sectional area and water absorption prior to and after treatment with NaOH solution and acetic acid for varying durations of time. These modifications are observable prior to and after treatment. As a result of extended therapy, the cross-sectional area of PO fibres gradually decreases. Compared to other fibre types, PO fibres that were submerged in water for the longest period of time exhibited the most structural degradation. There is a considerable effect on the improvement of polyester composites' tensile strength and tensile modulus when PO fibre is soaked in different concentrations of NaOH and acetic acid for roughly 90 min. This influence is significant. This investigation will also shed light on how the composition of polyolefin (PO) fibres influences the mechanical properties of composite materials. Maximum tensile strength of a composite material is proportional to the fraction of fibres present in the material. After calculating tensile, compressive, shear, and other stresses, materials (components) are manufactured.

Mixing Pyrolyzed Forestry Bio–Fibers with Lignosulfonate to Develop “Biomass Charcoal Briquettes”

Mixing Pyrolyzed Forestry Bio–Fibers with Lignosulfonate to Develop “Biomass Charcoal Briquettes”

Effect of Various Surface Modifications on Characterization of New Natural Cellulosic Fiber from Coconut Tree Secondary Flower Leaf Stalk Fiber (CSF)

ABSTRACT In the objective of the study is to improve the mechanical properties and reduce the hydrophilic nature of new novel bio fiber of coconut tree secondary flower leaf stalk (CSF). As per the state of art, raw and various chemical treated CSF studies are not well established and not enough to characterize and sustainability of novel fiber polymer reinforcement material. So CSF was subjected to alkali, silane, permanganate, and benzoylation surface treatments and further investigation was made. After the different chemical treatments the physical, chemical, mechanical, thermal stability (TGA), morphology analysis (MA), crystallinity and crystal size (CA), and functional groups were analyzed. The results revealed that tensile strength (650.54 MPa) and Young’s Modulus value (1.89 GPa) significantly increased due to benzoylation treatment of the CSF. In TGA, compared to other treatments, the benzoylation treated CSF thermal stability, exhibited a maximum holding temperature of 567°C. From the XRD analysis, considerable variations were observed in the crystallinity size and index, due to the new chemical bond formation in the CSF. FTIR analysis confirmed the presence of cellulose, hemicellulose, lignin, and wax in CSF. SEM revealed that resulted in a better rough surface, fewer impurities, and exposure of the inner fibrillar structure in CSF.

Study of Mechanical Properties and Hard Water Absorption Behavior of Water Hyacinth Reinforced Starch Composite

In this paper an attempt has been made to prepare bio-composite using water hyacinth fiber as reinforcement and potato starch as matrix. The renewable resource, water hyacinth is used as the major composition of the proposed bio-composite. Since the bio polymer can contribute better mechanical properties, it can act as a substitute for the existing synthetic fibers. The biodegradable, environmentally friendly and less expensive characteristics of the bio composite, find it suitable for automotive and conventional industrial applications. The effect of the fiber length ranging from 10 mm to 40 mm verses tensile strength and bearing strength are included in the research work. The simplest and most effective hand layup method is used to prepare the bio fiber from water hyacinth after duly seasoning the raw stems in the controlled environment. The bio composite made up of 70% potato starch as matrix is dissolved in sufficient amount of water in which 30% of glycerol is added to the reaction mixture. Magnetic stirrer capable of generating variable speed ranging from 800 rpm to 1200 rpm, with inbuilt heating mechanism made up of stainless steel material is used to prepare the reaction mixture. The stirring process is continued till the required viscosity is obtained. The specimen is kept in the electric oven and the water content is removed. Before investigating the mechanical properties, the specimen was compressed to 600 psi (≈ 42 bar) pressure. Using Universal Testing Machine (UTM) the tensile strength of the composite was investigated in the ambient temperature and pressure. The specimens- with and without reinforcement were studied to find the effect of water absorption capability which is function of nature solvent and matrix. Based on the experimental results, it was concluded that bio composite is a potential candidate to serve the needs of the industry.

Honeywell Introduces New Blue Spectra Medical Grade Bio Fiber Designed to Improve Visual Contrast for Critical Surgical Procedures

Honeywell Introduces New Blue Spectra Medical Grade Bio Fiber Designed to Improve Visual Contrast for Critical Surgical Procedures

From Human’s Attitude Towards Scars to Innovative Bio Textile Substitute Derived from Soil to Create Garments for the Future

The objective of this research article is to study and carry out research in the biological innovation of the substitute textile derived from soil and through series of improved material efficiency, and we were able to produce future costume prototype that have been resulted from the 3 elements of conceptual framework. The 3 elements are firstly to create innovation based on scientific knowledge through the use of synthetic bio fiber processing and synthetic brown pigmentation that resemble melanin cell in human skin according to research in the skin of the Thai population. Secondly, it is to add value to the natural resource base which focuses on a circular production process that is environmentally friendly. Lastly, it is to exhibit the empirical design aesthetic through using the substitute textile that resembles the human skin color. If one is taking a closer look at the substitute textile, one would consider it to be wounds or operation scars. These permanent marks or scars are either the evidence of sadness and embarrassment feelings or the safety and survival. The researcher has applied this concept into clothing design by using substitute textile produced from soil. This new form of textile is meant to portray the true meaning of beauty caused by imperfections. These imperfections are the symbol of life, expressing the communication of rounds of existence between nature and human.

Physio-mechanical properties and applications of natural fiber reinforced bio-composites

At present, natural or lignocellulosic fiber-based bio composites are the talk of the town due to their low density, cost effective, eco-friendly, renewable properties. Bio fibers such as jute, kenaf, pineapple, sugarcane, flax, leaf, hemp, wool, silk etc obtained from plants or nature which can be utilized to obtain new high performance polymer composite materials. The physical and mechanical characteristics of these bio fibers (e.g., tensile properties, flexural stress-strain behaviour, fracture strength, impact strength) make them more sustainable and attractive than synthetic fibers with a remarkable biodegradable characteristic. The aim of this review is to give a thorough overview on natural fibers and natural fiber reinforced bio composite materials, their major physical and mechanical properties and potential applications.

Study and compare the mechanical properties of bio fiber reinforced composites

This study aims to evaluate the result of experimental investigation carried out on mechanical properties and dynamic mechanical analysis over a range of temperature and five different frequencies of short banana fiber polyester composite. The effect of temperature on the storage modulus (E′), loss modulus (E″), and loss factor or damping efficiency (tan δ) is determined. Composites specimen is fabricated in random fiber orientation using to hand lay-up method by Influence of fiber length (10 mm) and weight percentage (5, 10, 15, 20 wt%). Studies revealed that increase in the fiber content will increase the Mechanical property and storage modulus (E′) and the maximum is given by the composites having a fiber loading of 20 wt% at all temperature ranges. The peak height of loss modulus (E″) and damping curves (tan δ) were lowered with respect to the fiber content. The properties were compared with neat polyester. In this work increasing fiber content increases the Mechanical property and storage modulus (E′) of the composite.

Moving towards the era of bio fibre based polymer composites

Pollution due to plastic waste is a major concern for the eco-friendly environment. These manmade waste release various toxins to the environment, which are harmful to mankind. To encounter the effect of the synthetic materials, bio fibre based polymer composites made from bio fibres (jute, hemp, flax, cotton etc.) are emerging as a suitable replacement as bio fibre based polymer composites are low cost, light in weight and eco-friendly. Green Economy is an important aspect of the environment that helps to promote environmentally friendly nature. The present article gives an insight into the various types of bio fibres available along with their mechanical and chemical properties. A detailed discussion on recycling and disposal mechanism and how the use of bio fibre based polymer composites will lead to a sustainable environment in the coming years has been included. At last, the future market trend and potential applications of bio fibre based polymer composites have also been addressed in this article.

Environmental impact and effect of chemical treatment on bio fiber based polymer composites

In recent years, bio fibers (such as jute, hemp, flax, nettle, etc) are gaining more attention due their light weight, high specific strength, biodegradability, etc in various applications. Along with this, environmental issue is also an important aspect for maintaining sustainability of the bio fiber based composites. Failure occurs in bio fiber based polymer composites when they are applied to severe loading conditions and the material start degrading. To sustain the lifetime of the bio fiber composites, chemical treatment of the bio fiber is done to enhance the mechanical strength between the bonds so that the amount of stress transferability in the composites is equalized. The most important chemicals sources for the treatments are alkaline, silane, acetylation, benzoylation, acrylation, maleated coupling agents, permanganate, peroxide, isocyanate, stearic acid, sodium chlorite, triazine, derivatives of fatty acids (oleoyl chloride). The present study summarises the studies carried out on the environmental impact and various chemical treatments that were applied to bio fibers for enhancing their properties.

Effect of Different Fibers Loading on Palm and Aramid Fiber Reinforced Hybrid Epoxy Composite

ABSTRACT In this present research, palm (Trachycarpus fortunei) and aramid fiber reinforced epoxy composite is fabricated by hand lay-up technique with equal fiber ratio (Palm:Aramid = 1:1) and fiber loading constituting of 0, 5, 10 and 15 wt.% fiber, where palm acted as natural fiber and aramid acted as synthetic fiber. The use of bio fibers as reinforcement in polymer matrix composites is thought to have better prospects in terms of showing high earmarked properties such as light in weight, lowest density, less costly, environmental conciliation, have sustained aspect for effective transfer of stress, etc. Mainly, the effect of fibre loading on mechanical properties (tensile, flexural, impact, hardness) and physical property (water absorption) is assessed in this research work. Experiments are directed according to ASTM standards for evaluating mechanical and physical properties. Surface morphological analysis is conducted through field emission scanning electron microscopy (FESEM) for observing the fiber–matrix bonding on the tensile fracture surface. After evaluation, it is found that flexural, impact, hardness properties along with water absorption percentage have shown incremental behaviour with the enhancement of fiber loading. On the other hand, tensile properties have shown dissimilar performance with the enhancement of fiber loading.

Hybridization and influence of chemical treatment on the morphology and optimization of composites

In the current research the prime goal of author was to examine the properties like tensile, flexural & compressive of the surface customized bio fibers reinforced composites. The legitimacy and gain of utilizing bio fibres was their effective accessibility, small cost, ecological friendly, harmless and biodegradable nature. Even though bio fibres exhibit stupendous physical and mechanical properties, and it also differs with the plant, kind and geology. In the present work Curaua-Bagasse strands were utilized at the following amount: 5, 10, 15, 20, 25 and 30 wt% for the fabrication of composites. Untreated and chemically surface tailored Bagasse-Caraua fibers were reinforced in the epoxy/vinyl ester blend and composites have been prepared by hand lay-up technique. The were alkali treatment was carried out Curaua-Bagasse fibers for different periods namely 12 hrs and 24 hrs in 10% NaOH and examined their morphological and mechanical properties. Benzene diazonium chloride processed composites at 25% wt. fibers amount exposed predominant and ultimate merits than 24 hrs NaOH (alkali) treated, untreated and 12 hrs NaOH treated composites. Because of Benzene diazonium chloride processing the tensile strength of 30%, flexural strength of 26% & compressive strength of 22% was found to increase.

Investigation on the Mechanical and Morphological Properties of Red banana/Ramie Fiber vinyl ester composites

The need of green materials for various applications is in high demand. The bio fibers play a very important position to achieve eco friendliness and cost effectiveness. The aim is to analyse the effect of hybrid mat performance. In this work banana and ramie fibers were taken into consideration, With vinyl ester composites. Three different combinations have been developed in laminating the composites at 90 degree orientation. ASTM standards were used to examine the mechanical performances of the composites. The worn out analysis have been carried out by using scanning electronic microscopy. In this work two single layer fibers of ramie and banana have been taken into account and the third composite is developed with hybridisation of red banana and ramie fibers. On comparing all the results obtained the hybrid double layer of red banana and ramie fibers possessed good results in tensile/flexural property. The impact properties of ramie fiber were marginally higher than red banana fibers.