Bio Epoxy Research Articles

Investigation of Mechanical and Viscoelastic Properties of Flax- and Ramie-Reinforced Green Composites for Orthopedic Implants

The aim of this research study is to develop promising bio-composite material reinforced with natural fiber for the application in bone grafting and orthopedic implants. In this research work, investigation on the mechanical properties of the fabricated bio-composite from flax and ramie fiber with three different weight fractions (10, 20, and 30%) and bio-epoxy resin matrix has been carried out with the help of compression hand layup method. Hybrid composite material from 15% flax and 15% ramie showed better tensile strength (102 MPa), flexural strength (138 MPa) and compressive strength (130 MPa) as well as better respective modulus (5.63, 12.41, and 8.87 GPa). The established properties are comparable to the human femur and tibia bone and therefore can be used in orthopedic implant application. The dynamic mechanical analysis (DMA) is determined to characterize the viscoelastic properties of bio-composite material and found that hybrid composites at 30% weight fraction of fibers have given best results with maximum storage 9.03 GPa, loss modulus 1.45 GPa, and maximum glass transition temperature (Tg) of 110 °C, respectively. The scanning electron microscope (SEM) is used to characterize the microstructure bonding behavior between fiber and matrix at the fracture surfaces.

Synthesize and characterizations of glass-reinforced plastic/selective sisal fiber with sodium-oxidanide treated hybrid composite

Nowadays composite materials are indispensable but the supply is limited. In particularly, the supply of material is limited for specific applications. Light weight low strength applications are very wide. This investigation focuses the natural fiber hybrid with artificial fiber-based hybrid composite preparation. The sisal fiber is used to prepare the composite with Glass-Reinforced Plastic. The sisal fiber is here treated with specific concentration of sodium oxidanide in the distilled water. The composites synthesized with treated and untreated sisal fibers. The alternate fashion of horizontal and vertical is followed for fibers’ orientation. The bio epoxy is employed as matrix material with mix of hardener. The prepared composite is characterized by water absorbability, tensile properties, flexural properties and shock absorption capacities.

Investigation of mandatory properties of NaOH – KMnO4 Treated Banana/Fiberglass Hybrid Composite

Comparatively demand of materials is high and their supply is limited. In particularly, the supply of material is limited for specific applications. Light weight low strength applications are very wide. This investigation focuses the natural fiber hybrid with artificial fiber based hybrid composite preparation. The banana fiber is used to prepare the composite. The banana fiber is here treated with specific concentration of sodium hydroxide and Potassium Permanganate in the distilled water. The composites synthesized with treated and untreated banana fibers. The alternate fashion of horizontal and vertical is followed for fibers’ orientation. The bio epoxy is employed as matrix material with mix of hardener. The prepared composite are characterized by water absorbability and also characterized by tensile properties, flexural properties and shock absorption capacities.

Characteristics of bioepoxy based on waste cooking oil and lignin and its effects on asphalt binder

Epoxy asphalts are specialty high performance binders that are composed of expensive petroleum-based bisphenol A type epoxies. In this study an environmentally friendly bioepoxy resin is used to modify the asphalt binder. The bioepoxy resin is composed of a waste cooking oil-based epoxy (WCO-EP) and a Kraft lignin-based polycarboxylic acid (KL-COOH) curing agent. Nadic methyl anhydride (NMA) is used as a co-curing agent to adjust the processability of the epoxy. The effects of the KL-COOH/NMA molar ratio on the dynamic mechanical properties, and thermal stability of the cured bioepoxy were investigated. Results show that higher ratios of KL-COOH/NMA resulted in enhanced mechanical properties of bioepoxy resin. In addition, the Multiple Stress Creep Recovery (MSCR) and Dynamic Shear Rheometer (DSR) tests were used to evaluate the high temperature performance of bioepoxy modified asphalt binders. These results show that addition of bioepoxy considerably improved the rutting resistance of asphalt binder. In addition, Bending Beam Rheometer (BBR) test was utilized to evaluate the low temperature resistance of the bioepoxy modified asphalt binder. Although the addition of bioepoxy increased the stiffness of asphalt binder, its negative effect on the thermal cracking resistance is found to be negligible.

Bio-Composites Reinforced with Natural Fibers: Comparative Analysis of Thermal, Static and Dynamic-Mechanical Properties

In the present study, flax, jute and glass woven fabric samples were developed as reinforcement for composites with bio-epoxy resin. Flax fabrics were developed with plain weave, twill weave (different areal densities) and unidirectional (UD) structure. Jute fabrics were woven with three different structures i.e. plain, matt and twill respectively. For comparison purpose, glass woven fabric with plain weave and 3D orthogonal weave were used in this study. Static mechanical properties like flexural strength and impact resistance were studied. Dynamic mechanical properties were investigated by DMA 40XT RMI equipment.. Thermal conductivity has been studied for all composite samples. It is observed that the static mechanical properties of glass fabrics reinforced composites are superior but the flax & jute fabric reinforced composites are more flexible. The specific flexural strength as well as specific impact strength of the flax & jute fabric reinforced composites are competitive. The dynamic mechanical properties are comparable to that of glass fabric reinforced composites. They can be used in relatively lower load bearing applications as they are a sustainable source of materials for bio-composites which reduce the environmental burden and reduce the manufacturing cost.

Accelerated weathering studies of bioepoxy/ionic liquid blends: influence on physical, thermo-mechanical, morphology and surface properties

Ionic liquids are promising candidates with huge potential in combination with thermosetting polymers. However, the behavior of ionic liquid modified epoxy system towards outdoor environmental conditions are seldom reported. Therefore, it is interesting to study the effect of accelerated weathering on ionic liquid modified bioepoxy blends. In this work, bio-based epoxy resin and 1-Butyl-3-methylimidazolium chloride (BMIM[Cl]) ionic liquid blends were prepared by melt mixing method. The concentration of ionic liquid used was 0, 5, 10, 20, and 30 phr. The miscibility, morphology, thermo-mechanical, and surface hydrophilicity of the ionic liquid modified bioepoxy blends were studied before and after the accelerated weathering test. The miscibility of the blends was studied by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR). The FTIR results demonstrate the presence of charge transfer complexation reaction between ionic liquid and bioepoxy resin. The tensile strength and modulus were reduced while the elongation at break is increased with the addition of ionic liquid. On the other hand, the glass transition temperature and thermal stability of the bioepoxy blends were reduced with the addition of ionic liquid. The contact angle value increases with the incorporation of up to 10 phr ionic liquid, this is followed by a decrease. The interaction between the ionic liquid and bioepoxy resin has vanished after the weathering test. The elongation at break was reduced dramatically after the weathering test, especially for 20 and 30 phr blends. The thermal stability of the weathered samples is similar to that of the samples before weathering. While the Tg values of the blends are stable with respect to neat bioepoxy resin. On the other hand, the contact angle value of the bioepoxy blends increased after the weathering test due to the increased surface roughness after weathering.

Magnolol-based bio-epoxy resin with acceptable glass transition temperature, processability and flame retardancy

Development of sustainable bio-based epoxy resins having better comprehensive properties than available petroleum-based epoxy resins is of paramount importance for alleviation of energy pressure and enrichment of the potent category of high-performance epoxy resins. In this study, a fully bio-based epoxy resin precursor (DGEM) was synthesized from a naturally occurring magnolol through a highly efficient one step process. The bio-based epoxy resin obtained was then cured with 4, 4′-diaminodiphenyl sulfone (DDS) and compared to the petroleum-based commercial diglycidylether of bisphenol A (DGEBA). After curing with DDS, DGEM/DDS showed higher glass transition temperature than DGEBA/DDS which was 279 °C and 231 °C, respectively. The char yield (in N2), storage modulus and flexural modulus of the former were 1.9-fold, 47.5%, and 41.3% higher than those of the latter, respectively. Interestingly, bio-based epoxy resin of DGEM exhibited excellent processability with extremely low viscosity of 0.155 Pa·s at room temperature and a broader processing window than DGEBA/DDS as well. To exhibit such an excellent processability is very rare for high-performance epoxy resins. In addition, the cured DGEM/DDS also showed outstanding intrinsic flame retardancy, which passed the V-0 rate of UL-94 test. This study offers an opportunity to prepare bio-based epoxy resins with better properties than DGEBA and exhibits great promise in cutting-edge applications.

Synthesize and exploration of wet strength of fiberglass/hydroxysuccinic acid treated banana and sisal fibers hybrid composite

It must be noticed that Materials’ behavior under the moisture is entirely different than dry environment. It is indispensible to characterize the new material under wet condition. In particularly, the material used for aesthetic decoration applications. Light weight low strength applications are very wide. This investigation focuses the natural fiber hybrid with artificial fiber based hybrid composite preparation. The sisal and banana fiber is used to prepare the composite with fiberglass. The banana fiber is here treated with specific concentration of 2-Hydroxysuccinic Acidin the distilled water. The composites synthesized with treated and untreated banana fibers. The alternate fashion of horizontal and vertical is followed for fibers’ orientation. The bio epoxy is employed as matrix material with mix of hardener. The prepared composite are characterized by water absorbability and also characterized by tensile properties, flexural properties and shock absorption capacities in wet condition.

Synthesize and general characterizations of textile-grade glass fibers/malic acid treated sisal fiber hybrid composite

As the materials are indispensible, their demand always exists, but their supply is limited. In particularly, the supply of material is limited for specific applications. Light weight low strength applications are very wide. This investigation focuses the natural fibre hybrid with artificial fiber based hybrid composite preparation. The sisal fibre is used to prepare the composite with Textile-Grade Glass Fibers. The sisal fiber is here treated with specific concentration of malic acid in the distilled water. The composites synthesized with treated and untreated sisal fibres. The alternate fashion of horizontal and vertical is followed for fibres’ orientation. The bio epoxy is employed as matrix material with mix of hardener. The prepared composite are characterized by water absorbability, tensile properties, flexural properties and shock absorption capacities. The synthesized composites also characterized for dry and wet applications.

Experimental exploration of inbuilt properties of GRP / malonic acid treated banana and sisal fibers based hybrid composite

Though Materials are indispensible sometimes they fails to meet the product requirement like overweight, durable than product life etc. In particularly, the supply of material is limited for specific applications. Light weight low strength applications are very wide. This investigation focuses the natural fiber hybrid with artificial fiber based hybrid composite preparation. The sisal and banana fiber is used to prepare the composite with GRP fiber. The banana fiber is here treated with specific concentration of Manolic Acid in the distilled water. The composites synthesized with treated and untreated banana fibers. The alternate fashion of horizontal and vertical is followed for fibers’ orientation. The bio epoxy is employed as matrix material with mix of hardener. The prepared composite are characterized by water absorbability, tensile properties, flexural properties and shock absorption capacities.

Synthesize and characterizations of glass-reinforced plastic/2-hydroxybutanedioic acid treated sisal fiber wet hybrid composite

Materials’ behavior under the moisture is entirely different than dry environment. It is indispensible to characterize the new material under wet condition. In particularly, the material used for aesthetic decoration applications. Light weight low strength applications are very wide. This investigation focuses the natural fiber hybrid with artificial fiber based hybrid composite preparation. The sisal fiber is used to prepare the composite with glass fiber. The sisal fiber is here treated with specific concentration of 2-Hydroxybutanedioic acid in the distilled water. The composites synthesized with treated and untreated sisal fibers. The alternate fashion of horizontal and vertical is followed for fibers’ orientation. The bio epoxy is employed as matrix material with mix of hardener. The prepared composite are characterized by water absorbability, tensile properties, flexural properties and shock absorption capacities. The synthesized composites also characterized for dry and wet applications.

Experimental research on glass fibres / caustic soda treated banana fibers hybrid composite

High cost charged for the materials which specifically designed for wet application. The pre defined properties are related to water based damages like corrosive properties, and other related chemical properties. This investigation is on wet strength of hybrid composited. The hybrid composite consists of the natural fiber (banana fiber) and artificial fiber (glass fiber). The treated banana fiber is used to prepare the composite with selective glass fiber. The banana fiber is here treated with specific concentration of Caustic soda in the distilled water. The composites synthesized with treated and untreated banana fibers. The alternate fashion of horizontal and vertical is followed for fibers’ orientation. The bio epoxy is employed as matrix material with mix of hardener. The prepared composite are characterized by water absorbability, tensile properties, flexural properties and shock absorption capacities under wet condition.

Experimental exploration of inherent properties of GRP/2-hydroxysuccinic acid treated banana fiber hybrid composite

Always demand for materials is exist but now increases steeply but the supply is limited. In particularly, the supply of material is limited for specific applications. Light weight low strength applications are very wide. This investigation focuses the natural fiber hybrid with artificial fiber based hybrid composite preparation. The banana fiber is used to prepare the composite with GRP. The banana fiber is here treated with specific concentration of 2-Hydroxysuccinic Acidin the distilled water. The composites synthesized with treated and untreated banana fibers. The alternate fashion of horizontal and vertical is followed for fibers’ orientation. The bio epoxy is employed as matrix material with mix of hardener. The prepared composite are characterized by water absorbability, tensile properties, flexural properties and shock absorption capacities. The synthesized composites also characterized.

Persuade of sodium hydrate and potassium permanganate treated sisal/textile-grade glass fibers hybrid composite

Conventional materials are general purpose and indispensible but their supply is limited. In particularly, the supply of material is limited for specific applications. Light weight low strength applications are very wide. This investigation focuses the natural fiber hybrid with artificial fiber based hybrid composite preparation. The sisal fiber is used to prepare the composite with Textile-Grade Glass fiber. The sisal fiber is here treated with specific concentration of sodium hydrate and Potassium Permanganate in the distilled water. The composites synthesized with treated and untreated sisal fibers. The alternate fashion of horizontal and vertical is followed for fibers’ orientation. The bio epoxy is employed as matrix material with mix of hardener. The prepared composite are characterized by water absorbability, tensile properties, flexural properties and shock absorption capacities.

Exploration of indispensible properties of textile-grade glass fibers/white caustic treated banana fiber hybrid composite

The need of Materials based research always exist due to its demand at all times. But the supply is limited. In particularly, the supply of material is limited for specific applications. Light weight low strength applications are very wide. This investigation focuses the natural fiber hybrid with artificial fiber based hybrid composite preparation. The banana fibers are used to prepare the composite with Textile-Grade Glass Fiber. The banana fiber is here treated with specific concentration of caustic in the distilled water. The composites synthesized with treated and untreated banana fibers. The alternate fashion of horizontal and vertical is followed for fibers’ orientation. The bio epoxy is employed as matrix material with mix of hardener. The prepared composite are characterized by water absorbability, tensile properties, flexural properties and shock absorption capacities.

Experimental exploration of requisite properties of Lye – Potassium manganate (VII) treated glass/sisal/banana hybrid composite under wet condition

The plan and manufacture of Material for specific purpose is really interesting aspect in the materials’ research. Their behavior in wet application is entirely different. It is indispensible to characterize the new material under wet condition. In particularly, the material used for aesthetic decoration applications. Light weight low strength applications are very wide. This investigation focuses the natural fiber hybrid with artificial fiber based hybrid composite preparation. The banana fiber is used to prepare the composite with glass fiber. The banana fiber is here treated with specific concentration of Lye - Potassium manganate (VII) in the distilled water. The composites synthesized with treated and untreated banana fibers. The alternate fashion of horizontal and vertical is followed for fibers’ orientation. The bio epoxy is employed as matrix material with mix of hardener. The prepared composite are characterized by water absorbability and also characterized by tensile properties, flexural properties and shock absorption capacities in wet condition.

Characterizations on hybrid of caustic treated natural and glass fiber composites

Commonly Materials are designed t work with ambient conditions. Some special requirements, the materials may be designed to with the constraints of work at moisture, chemical environment, elevated temperature, high pressure without changing its natural properties of mechanical as well as physical. The material used for aesthetic decoration applications. Light weight low strength applications are very wide. This investigation focuses the natural fiber hybrid with artificial fiber based hybrid composite preparation. The banana fiber is used to prepare the composite with glass fiber. The banana fiber is here treated with specific concentration of White caustic in the distilled water. The composites synthesized with treated and untreated banana fibers. The alternate fashion of horizontal and vertical is followed for fibers’ orientation. The bio epoxy is employed as matrix material with mix of hardener. The prepared composite are characterized by water absorbability and also characterized by tensile properties, flexural properties and shock absorption capacities in wet condition.

Synthesize and characterization of textile-grade glass fibers/sodium hydroxide treated natural fibers hybrid composite

Materials are indispensible but the supply is limited. In particularly, the supply of material is limited for specific applications. Light weight low strength applications are very wide. This investigation focuses the natural fiber hybrid with artificial fiber based hybrid composite preparation. The sisal and banana fiber is used to prepare the composite with Textile-Grade Glass fiber. The banana fiber is here treated with specific concentration of sodium hydroxide in the distilled water. The composites synthesized with treated and untreated banana fibers. The alternate fashion of horizontal and vertical is followed for fibers’ orientation. The bio epoxy is employed as matrix material with mix of hardener. The prepared composite are characterized by water absorbability, tensile properties, flexural properties and shock absorption capacities.

Synthesize and wet condition based characterizations of GRP / Lye treated sisal fiber hybrid composite

One of the indispensable thing in the world is but the supply is limited. In particularly, the supply of material is limited for specific applications. Light weight low strength applications are very wide. This investigation focuses the natural fiber hybrid with artificial fiber to synthesize hybrid composite. The sisal fiber is used to prepare the composite with GRP. The sisal fiber is here treated with specific concentration of Lye in the distilled water. The composites synthesized with treated and untreated sisal fibers. The alternate fashion of horizontal and vertical is followed for fibers’ orientation. The bio epoxy is employed as matrix material with mix of hardener. The prepared composite are characterized by water absorbability, tensile properties, flexural properties and shock absorption capacities in wet condition.

Synthesize and exploration of wet properties of textile-grade glass fibers/hydroxybutanedioic acid treated selective banana fiber hybrid composite

The Composite materials are widely acceptable and they are indispensible. The design synthesize and characterize of the new material under wet condition is something special. In particularly, the material used for aesthetic decoration applications. Light weight low strength applications are very wide. This investigation focuses the natural fiber hybrid with artificial fiber based hybrid composite preparation. The banana fiber is used to prepare the composite with textile-grade glass fibers. The banana fiber is here treated with specific concentration of 2-Hydroxysuccinic Acid in the distilled water. The composites synthesized with treated and untreated banana fibers. The alternate fashion of horizontal and vertical is followed for fibers’ orientation. The bio epoxy is employed as matrix material with mix of hardener. The prepared composite are characterized by water absorbability and also characterized by tensile properties, flexural properties and shock absorption capacities in wet condition.