Bioenergy Application Research Articles

Biodegradation of Crude Oil by Nitrate-Reducing, Sulfate-Reducing, and Methanogenic Microbial Communities under High-Pressure Conditions.

Carbon capture, utilization, and storage (CCUS) is an important component in many national net-zero strategies, and ensuring that CO2 can be safely and economically stored in geological systems is critical. Recent discoveries have shown that microbial processes (e.g., methanogenesis) can modify fluid composition and fluid dynamics within the storage reservoir. Oil reservoirs are under high pressure, but the influence of pressure on the petroleum microbial community has been previously overlooked. To better understand microbial community dynamics in deep oil reservoirs, we designed an experiment to examine the effect of high pressure (12 megapascals [MPa], 60 °C) on nitrate-reducing, sulfate-reducing, and methanogenic enrichment cultures. Cultures were exposed to these conditions for 90 d and compared with a control exposed to atmospheric pressure (0.1 MPa, 60 °C). The degradation characteristic oil compounds were confirmed by thin-layer analysis of oil SARA (saturates, aromatics, resins, and asphaltenes) family component rods. We found that the asphaltene component in crude oil was biodegraded under high pressure, but the concentration of asphaltenes increased under atmospheric pressure. Gas chromatography analyses of saturates showed that short-chain saturates (C8-C12) were biodegraded under high and atmospheric pressure, especially in the methanogenic enrichment culture under high pressure (the ratio of change was -81%), resulting in an increased relative abundance of medium- and long-chain saturates. In the nitrate-reducing and sulfate-reducing enrichment cultures, long-chain saturates (C22-C32) were biodegraded in cultures exposed to high-pressure and anaerobic conditions, with a ratio of change of -8.0% and -2.3%, respectively. However, the relative proportion of long-chain saturates (C22-C32) increased under atmospheric pressure. Gas Chromatography Mass Spectrometry analyses of aromatics showed that several naphthalene series compounds (naphthalene, C1-naphthalene, and C2-naphthalene) were biodegraded in the sulfate-reducing enrichment under both atmospheric pressure and high pressure. Our study has discerned the linkages between the biodegradation characteristics of crude oil and pressures, which is important for the future application of bioenergy with CCUS (bio-CCUS).

A hybrid approach combining mechanism-guided data augmentation and machine learning for biomass pyrolysis

Process accuracy modelling requires comprehensive thermodynamics and kinetic knowledge, which is not feasible for complex biomass pyrolysis. Here, we propose a hybrid modelling strategy that combines mechanism-guided modelling (Aspen Plus) with data-driven machine learning (ML) models to accurately predict biomass pyrolysis products. Specifically, we establish the pyrolysis equilibrium model based on the first principles and Gibbs free energy minimization approach; then, the equilibrium model is leveraged to augment data by selecting points with smaller residuals; finally, the augmented data and experimental data serve as input for the ML models training. The results revealed that the hybrid model exhibited superior performance, with average R2 and MAPE values of 0.981 and 0.266, respectively, for predicting biochar yield and heating value. Conclusively, this work introduces new insight and strategy to accelerate the engineered application of bioenergy via modelling biomass pyrolysis and screening biomass.

Application of Bioenergy and Its Impact on Sustainable Development

Application of Bioenergy and Its Impact on Sustainable Development

Temperature modulated sustainable on/off photosynthesis switching of microalgae towards hydrogen evolution.

Despite great progress in the active interfacing between various abiotic materials and living organisms, the development of a smart polymer matrix with modulated functionality of algae towards the application of green bioenergy is still rare. Herein, we design a thermally sensitive poly(N-isopropylacrylamide)-co-poly(butyl acrylate) with an LCST (ca. 25 °C) as a chassis, which could co-assemble with algal cells based on hydrophobic interaction to generate a new type of robust hybrid hydrogel living material. By modulating the temperature to 30 °C, the volume of the polymer matrix is shrunk by 9 times, which allows the formation of physical shading and metabolism changing of the algae, and then triggers the functionality switching of the algae from photosynthetic oxygen production to hydrogen production. By contrast, by decreasing the temperature to 20 °C, the hybrid living materials go into a sol state where the algae behave normally with photosynthetic oxygen production. In particular, due to the proliferation of the algae in living materials, a long-term and exponential enhancement in the amount of hydrogen produced is achieved. Overall, it is anticipated that our investigations could provide a new paradigm for the development of polymer/living organism-based hybrid living materials with synergistic functionality boosting green biomanufacturing.

Breeding of sorghum hybrids for solid biofuel

Purpose. Today, the search, research and implementation of new technologies for the production of solid fuel is important for the agro-industrial complex and renewable energy. Sorghum is considered as a strategic crop in the provision of feedstock for bioenergy and reclamation of degraded soils. The purpose of the study was to study and select the material for the creation of high-yielding hybrids of sugar and grain sorghum for the production of solid biofuel.
 Materials and methods. The two-year results of the sorghum variety test at the Synelnykivska Experimental Station are highlighted. 68 samples were studied. They had a yield of green mass in the range of 23–79 t/ha.
 Results. F1 hybrids (Nyzk.93s x Karlykove 45) formed the highest average yield of green mass — 65.2 t/ha; F1(Early776s x Karlykove 45) — 61.4 t/ha and F1(Dn71s x Karlykove 45) — 60.1 t/ha. The yield of hybrids Mammoth and F1(A158x Karlykove 45) was slightly lower, and amounted to 53.3 and 52.8 t/ha, respectively. F1 (Nyzkorosle 93s x Karlykove 45) stood out according to the average yield of dry matter of green mass — 17.6 t/ha; F1 (Dn17s x Karlykove 45) — 13.8 t/ha. According to the average indicators of the yield of solid fuel from 1 ha, the combinations F1 (Nyzk.93s x Karlykove 45) were the best — 12 t/ha; F1 (Dn17s x Karlykove 45) — 8.2 t/ha; F1 (Early 776s x Karlykov 45) — 7.9 t/ha. The best indicators in terms of energy output were the following combinations: F1(Low 93s x Karlykove 45) — 197.7 Gj/ha, F1(Dn71s x Karlykove 45) –135.5 Gj/ha, F1(Early 776s x Karlykove 45) — 129 Gj/ha.
 Conclusions. High-yielding sorghum hybrids are the most economical and energetically expedient measures to provide feedstock for the bioenergy industry. A selected hybrid for the bioenergy application F1 (Nyzkorosle 93s x Karlykove 45) differs from the standard in terms of productivity and manufacturability. The value of the Karlykove 45 variety as a pollinator for the creation of hybrids for solid biofuel was also clarified. The agricultural sector of Ukraine has enough potential resources for biofuel production.

The Role of Bioenergy Resources in America’s Circular Bioeconomy

This research aims to determine the extent of bioenergy resources' contribution to the circular bioeconomy in America. Focuses on specific studies in the Americas region to provide in-depth insight into the application of bioenergy in circular bioeconomy. America’s outlook for circular bioeconomy was present here to learn about the barriers and challenges, drivers and opportunities also life cycle assessment issues to achieve a sustainable energy system. The overview of America’s countries in the role of bioenergy for circular bioeconomy was found in this study.

Multi-objective optimization of a novel microalgae harvesting method based on buoy-bead flotation and feasibility analysis by life cycle assessment

Highly efficient microalgae harvesting is crucial for promoting the industrial application of microalgae bioenergy. In this study, positively charged sodium alginate microspheres (PCSAMs) were prepared, and the efficient harvest of Chlorella vulgaris (C. vulgaris) was realized based on the buoy-bead floatation method. A multi-objective optimization model was established to optimize the harvesting process, and the method’s feasibility was analyzed through life cycle assessment. The optimal harvesting efficiency and biomass concentration were 95.34% and 5.80%, respectively, and the corresponding costs were 5.13–5.16$/m3 and energy consumption was 0.065–0.066 kW h/m3. PCSAMs and C. vulgaris could form adhesion through electrostatic complementation, and poly dimethyl diallyl ammonium chloride (PDDA) long chain molecules formed “traps” on the surface of PCSAMs, improving the ability of PCSAMs to carry C. vulgaris. CO2 emissions during the harvesting process were only 0.065–0.066 kg/m3, which conforms to the carbon reduction policy and is more suitable for large-scale microalgae harvesting.

Field evaluation of biomass gasifier for bioenergy application: Case studies on institutional cooking in India

Gasification of waste biomass can offer a cleaner and renewable alternative to wood and fossil fuel-based cooking systems. However, field evaluations of biomass gasifiers for institutional cooking are rarely reported in the scientific literature. This study was aimed to develop a fuel-efficient gasifier system for institutional cooking in the Indian context. We conducted field experiments in both rural and urban settings using collaborative approaches. The results demonstrated significant improvements in gasifier-based cooking including up to a 25% reduction in cooking time, about 28% lower fuel consumption, and 82% less fine particulate matter emissions, within the permissible limits, when compared to cooking via traditional chulha (clay stove). Through collaborative design with users, the gasifier system underwent further modifications to achieve a substantial reduction in cooking time (around 25–30%) across various testing scenarios. Furthermore, the gasifier system was successfully demonstrated to supplement a liquefied petroleum gas (LPG)-based cooking system, and the latter showed around 25% faster cooking performance and a 12.5% lower energy input. Practical problems encountered during biomass gasifier field trials were documented and analyzed, along with a project SWOT (Strengths, Weaknesses, Opportunities, and Threats) analysis. The results of gasifier field trials imply significant potential when compared to the traditional cooking in a rural setting. Overall, the proposed gasifier system could serve as a sustainable technology alternative for bioenergy applications in the developing world.

Critical Review of Bioenergy Applications and Sustainable Development: Evidence from Uganda

This study investigates bioenergy applications and sustainable development in Uganda. Traditional biomass dominates Uganda’s energy mix with 89% of overall primary energy consumption. Uganda must reduce traditional biomass energy consumption, if it is to reinforce its sustainable development goals. It seeks to assess bioenergy applications; it also analyses drivers and barriers of biomass consumption.
 Bioenergy is a renewable energy source that is conveniently available. This explains why it is dominating in most of the Sub-Saharan Africa. However, most of this is the traditional biomass, because of the insufficient technology to modernise its use in the developing world. This study is to provide a useful pattern for this transition from traditional to modern bioenergy use to occur.
 The findings indicate an in-built use of traditional biomass because of the drivers that outweigh the constraints of its use. Suggested policy measures to transition to modern biomass energy consumption are made.
 This study provides critical review of bioenergy application and development in the Ugandan setting. This is a landmark in informing the economic planner on the right policy direction of diversifying energy use from traditional to modern sources.

Modeling and simulation of biomass anaerobic digestion for high biogas yield and CO2 mineralization

Bioenergy is one of several renewable energy options derived from biomass that can help satisfy our energy needs. Anaerobic digestion is a viable method for producing bioenergy in the form of biogas from biomass. The anaerobic digestion process is challenged with low biogas recovery, and low-quality effluent or CO2 emission, which contribute to environmental pollution and the carbon footprint in the atmosphere. Computational process modelling and simulation can provide realistic information for dealing with the technological challenges involved with anaerobic digestion. In this study, modeling and simulation of the simplified anaerobic digestion process were done using SuperPro Designer software fed with biomass feedstock containing carbohydrates, proteins, and fats, as well as yeast, at 37 °C mesophilic temperature. The anaerobic digestion process yielded 89.655% of CH4 and 10.345% of CO2 and confirmed that the carbohydrate feedstock produces more CH4 composition in the biogas. Mineralization of CO2 using MgO yielded 0.23% MgCO3, consuming > 99% of the CO2 produced during the anaerobic digestion process. Environmental impact assessment of the effluent discharge yielded 0.142 kg Slds/L volatile solid with 6.01% COD reduction per batch of the anaerobic digestion process in an anaerobic digester with 90% (1.925 kg/batch) feedstock dosage. The data indicate that single-batch effluent cannot be discharged into the environment, hence indicating the possible recycling for multiple anaerobic digestion processing. The results are a significant guide for the realistic scalable production of high-quality biogas for bioenergy application, CO2 mineralization, and environmental remediation.

Renewable Energies and Architectural Heritage: Advanced Solutions and Future Perspectives

The current legislative framework and the recent energy crisis ask for massive applications of renewable energy sources (RES) in the built environment to reduce energy demand, environmental emissions, and energy costs. The uncritical application of these policies, especially on architectural heritage, could generate serious conservation issues, compromising their heritage values, biodiversity, traditional appearance, and materiality. Thus, there is an urgent call to balance architectural heritage preservation with energy production using clear rules, policies, criteria, and heritage-compatible technologies. The present study aims at defining an updated overview of the application of solar, wind, geothermal energy, and bioenergy on architectural heritage. A deep literature review of the studies published in the years 2020–2023 has been performed, identifying main topics, challenges, advanced solutions, and future perspectives. Acceptability, design criteria, and cutting-edge technologies are also illustrated through case studies to better understand practical approaches.

Algal biorefinery: an integrated process for industrial effluent treatment and improved lipid production in bioenergy application

Algal biorefinery: an integrated process for industrial effluent treatment and improved lipid production in bioenergy application

БІОЕНЕРГЕТИЧНИЙ ПОТЕНЦІАЛ УКРАЇНИ: ТЕНДЕНЦІЇ РОЗВИТКУ В УМОВАХ ВОЄННОГО СТАНУ

To date, the urgent issue is the improvement and implementation of strategic directions of the energy sector of Ukraine in wartime conditions. By 2030, it is planned to increase the specific share of bioenergy energy in the country's balance to the European Union countries' appropriate level and create all the conditions for developing this type of fuel. In order to create an effective mechanism for the functioning of the bioenergy complex, it is necessary to form several normative documents, which in turn will keep a course based on world experience, the proper improvement of the biomaterials market, the creation and implementation of global norms, models, and projects in particular. It is worth noting that bioenergy is a branch of energy that uses biofuel extracted from biomass. Biomass, in turn, is a renewable substance of organic origin (forestry and agricultural waste, as well as part of household and industrial waste). Energy crops are also used for bioenergy, specially grown to create solid biofuel. There are three categories: perennial grasses (miscanthus), trees that can proliferate, and annual grasses. An essential part of bioenergy resources is also occupied by liquid materials for biofuels – biodiesel and bioethanol. Bioenergy is one of the main strategic sectors for developing alternative energy sources for our country. However, the speed of development and improvement of the processes of production and application of bioenergy in Ukraine is significantly behind the European countries. Today, our country has excellent potential for producing liquid bio-raw materials. Ukraine's biomass potential can produce profitable liquid biomaterials, emphasizing the prospects and trends of developing this type of green energy. Production of liquid bioethanol is carried out at distilleries that were previously converted and reconstructed. The effective use of biomass energy in our country can be divided into two areas: 1) use biomass as a raw material for the production of liquid fuel, namely for transport; 2) the second direction, more creative and alternative (was first voiced at the Institute of Technological Thermophysics of the National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine), to use biomass as a raw material for fuel gas and charcoal for existing energy carriers. The second way is especially relevant today when our country is under martial law due to aggression from russia. In recent years, one can observe the positive dynamics of the bioenergy complex in European countries, namely, 7-10 percent of the fuel for transport infrastructure in France, Sweden, Spain, Italy, and Germany uses biofuel itself. The reasons for such an intensive transition to alternative energy sources are not only the change in price policy on the oil market but also the actions of the Russian Federation, which caused a war in the center of Europe by attacking Ukraine. In addition, it can also be noted that the reduction of the necessary volumes of oil fields in most countries of the European Union also played a role in the direction of the transition to biofuels. However, it should be noted that bioenergy, built on traditional manufacturing methods and technologies, has low energy efficiency. The efficiency of biomass energy transformation into liquid biofuel is 90 percent (the most favorable result), and the efficiency of transformation of finished biofuel directly in the vehicle, the engine, is only 40 percent. As a result, the efficiency of using biofuel will be only 36 percent.

Utilization of dark fermentation effluent for algal cultivation in a modified airlift photobioreactor for biomass and biocrude production

Developing an efficient photobioreactor (PBR) and reducing freshwater dependence are among the significant challenges for generating 3rd generation biomass feedstock. Addressing these, the present study focused on developing a modified airlift (MoAL) PBR. Its performance was further evaluated and compared with the traditional airlift PBR by cultivating microalgae in dark fermentation spent wash. Lower mixing time and higher interfacial mass transfer coefficient was observed in the MoAL PBR having a perforated draft tube. Experimentally, the MoAL exhibited the maximum biomass concentration of 3.18 g L−1, which was 30% higher than that of the conventional airlift PBR. The semi-continuous operation of the MoAL (with water recycling) achieved the maximum biomass productivity of 0.83 g L−1 d−1, two folds superior to that of batch culture. The comprehensive biomass characterization (proximate, ultimate, and thermochemical) further confirmed its potential for bioenergy application. Considering that, hydrothermal liquefaction of the biomass resulted in a maximum biocrude yield of 31% w/w with a higher heating value (HHV) of 36.6 MJ kg−1. In addition, the biocrude comprised 66.6% w/w lighter fraction (<343 °C), including 21.5% w/w of heavy naphtha, 20.5% w/w of kerosene, and 24.6% w/w of diesel. The results can help develop sustainable technology for simultaneous wastewater remediation and biocrude production.

Bioenergy routes for valorizing constructed wetland vegetation: An overview

Valorizing constructed wetlands vegetation into biofuels can be a way to contribute to mitigating the increasing energy demand, avoiding the use of arable land, freshwater, and fertilizers consumption, while simultaneously treating wastewater with eco-friendly technology. This work shortly overviews the main genera of wetland plants and the main routes of vegetal biomass conversion into biofuels including biochemical and thermochemical processes, and through a cross-search, in the Scopus database, the research intensity in bioenergy application for each genus was assessed. A total of 283 genera of wetland plants were identified and classified into five groups, from very common to very rare genera. The very common group includes 10 genera and contributes to 62% of the literature hits, while the 147 genera classified as very rare contribute to only 3% of the hits. Concerning the bioenergy applications, four genera stand out from the remaining. The plants of the genus Sorghum are the most referred to in bioenergy applications, followed by the genera Brassica, Miscanthus, and Saccharum. Miscanthus is a less common wetland plant, while the other genera are rarely applied in constructed wetlands. The relevance of bioenergy routes depends on the plants' group. For common wetland plants, the most relevant applications are biogas production, followed by bio-ethanol production, and pyrolysis processing. As a recommendation for future research works the genera with high energy potential should be evaluated as wetland vegetation, and it is recommended that the goal to recover wetland vegetation for bioenergy applications be viewed as an integral step of the design and implementation of constructed wetlands facilities.

Proxanal-based predictive model for estimating ultanal attributes of lignocellulosic biomass

Lignocellulosic materials represent one of the clean alternative energy sources that have carbon in their building blocks, which can be processed into liquid biofuel and useful chemicals. Elemental compositions of biomass such as carbon (C), hydrogen (H) and oxygen (O) are key indicators for establishing calorific value, energy efficiency and carbon footprint during direct application as fuel and feedstock in thermochemical conversion. These characteristics usually require very expensive equipment, which may not always be readily available for examination of biomass feedstock. This study presents a new predictive non-linear model for ultanal characteristics of lignocellulosic biomass (C, H and O) derived from the proxanal attributes such as fixed carbon (FC), volatile matter (VM) following least square method. Four hundred and fifty (450) proximate analysis data from literature were used for model development and fifty (50) experimentally determined data points for model validation. The elemental composition {C=C[VMFC,(VM)2,(FC)], H=H[(VMFC),VM,FC] and O=O[(VM)0.75,(1/FC)0.33]} prediction models were developed and evaluated using indices such as average absolute percentage error (AAPE), average bias percentage error (ABPE) and coefficient of determination (R-squared). The results of analysis showed AAPE, ABEP and R-squared of 2.12%, 0.06% and 0.9993; 2.88%, 0.11% and 0.9989; 3.16%, -0.04% and 0.9982 for C, H and O model respectively. This suggests that the developed models could be used to predict the ultanal attributes of lignocellulosic biomass within 60<VM<90 and 10<FC<30 with high fidelity. The models would serve as a quick means of assessing lignocellulosic biomass prior to any bioenergy application.

Recent Advances in Technologies, Methods, and Economic Analysis for Sustainable Development of Energy, Water, and Environment Systems

Sustainability has become a broad societal goal, aiming to ensure that human beings coexist safely and harmoniously with nature over a longer time. The influence of the COVID-19 pandemic on the global economy is coming to an end. The development and merits of sustainable energy supply, advanced technology, and economic features have received significant attention over the last few decades. However, significant gaps still exist with respect to how to design, construct, and implement hybrid and optimal energy systems with the lowest investment and cost. Since 2002, the Sustainable Development of Energy, Water, and Environment Systems (SDEWES) conferences have become a significant meeting venue for researchers to introduce, discuss, share, and disseminate novel concepts and ideas. This paper presents an overview of published articles in the Special Issues (SIs) dedicated by the series SDEWES conferences, especially those published in Energies recommended by the 16th SDEWES Conference, which was held on 10–15 October 2021 in Dubrovnik, Croatia. This SI in Energies focused on four main topics, including the application of renewable bioenergy, component enhancement in renewable systems, sustainable development for buildings and economic analysis and evaluation for sustainability. The collected papers provide insight into the topics related to recent advances in improving sustainable efficiency, including studies on waste-to-wealth techniques, utilization of hybrid bioenergy systems, heat exchangers and other components for performance enhancement, energy supply and demand analysis, low-temperature DHC systems, techno-economic assessment, and environmental evaluation.

Recovery of matte from copper slag by using rubber seed oil as green reductant

The traditional fossil reductant used in the copper slag cleaning process cannot fulfill the requirements of sustainable development of the copper industry and environmental protection. Therefore, a new approach of employing renewable rubber seed oil (RSO) instead of a non-renewable fossil reductant to clean copper slag (reduce magnetite concentration and improve matte recovery) was put forward in this study. The cracking characteristics of RSO at high temperature and the effects of technical parameters (such as reduction temperature, oil amount and settling time) on the copper loss, magnetite concentration and RSO utilization degree were thoroughly investigated. The results indicated that the cracking products of RSO at high temperature were mainly composed of C and H2. Under the conditions of a temperature of 1250 °C, an injection of 4 mL of RSO, and a settling time of no less than 1.5 h, the content of magnetite was reduced to less than 1 wt.%, and the content of copper in the upper level of the slag was lowered to be less than 0.57 wt.%, which met the criteria for discarding slag industrially. The copper slag cleaning by RSO is a process of carbon neutrality. The results provide a theoretic basis for the application of bioenergy in non-ferrous metal smelting process.

Construction of natural gas energy-measuring system in China: A discussion

During the 13th Five-Year Plan, China's natural gas industry developed rapidly, and a diversified supply and marketing pattern was formed, including domestic conventional gas, unconventional gas (shale gas, tight sandstone gas, coalbed methane, etc.), coal-based synthetic natural gas, imported LNG and imported pipeline gas. The gross calorific value of gas sources ranged from 34 MJ/m3 to 43 MJ/m3, and the maximum difference of calorific value between different gas sources exceeded 20%. On May 24th, 2019, the National Development and Reform Commission and other three ministries/commissions jointly issued the Supervision Regulation on the Fair Access of Oil and Gas Pipeline Network Facilities and required that a natural gas energy measuring and pricing system shall be established within 24 months from the implementation date of this Regulation. In order to speed up the construction of China's natural gas energy measuring system, this paper summarizes domestic achievements in the construction of natural gas energy measuring system from the aspects of value traceability and energy measurement standard, and analyzes natural gas flowrate measurement technology, calorific value determination technology, value traceability, localization, intelligentization and application technology of key energy measurement equipment, natural gas pipeline network energy balancing technology based on big data analysis, multi-source quality tracking and monitoring technology, and energy measurement standard system, the need of new energy detection and measurement technology, and put forward strategy for the development of natural gas measuring in China. And the following research results are obtained. First, China's natural gas energy measuring system can basically meet the requirements of implementing natural gas energy measurement, but it still falls behind the international leading level in terms of calibration and application of high-level flowmeter (such as 0.5 class), high-accuracy gas reference material, level of calorific value reference equipment, and measurement standard system, and needs to be further improved. Second, it is necessary for China to speed up the research and application of the localization and intelligentization technologies of key energy measurement equipment. Third, natural gas pipeline network shall be equipped with measurement check method, energy balancing system based on big data analysis, and multi-source quality tracking and monitoring system, so that the energy transmission loss index of natural gas pipeline network can be superior to the international leading level (0.10%). Fourth, to realize the large-scale application of hydrogen energy and bio-energy and the mixed transportation of hydrogen, bio-methane and natural gas, it is necessary to carry out research on new technology and standardization of hydrogen/bio-methane blended natural gas detection and measurement.

Energy from biomass

Bioenergy is the most relevant renewable energy source today. Many technologies and concepts are implemented to provide heat, power and transport fuels. While biomass is a limited resource, so bioenergy provision needs integration, not only in the energy system but also in sustainable supply systems. The use of residual and waste materials will increase and needs mobilisation strategies and utilisation technologies. Due to different biomass potentials, energy infrastructure and energy strategies in different countries, even under the transformation towards more and more renewable energy-based energy systems the areas of bioenergy application remain diverse. However, flexible and hybrid concepts are gaining importance in all energy sectors; further technology development and digitalisation are pioneers. Additionally, the interaction with hydrogen and negative emissions is relevant in the long term and needs to be researched now.