Bioelectrical Impedance Research Articles

Advances in the estimation of body fat percentage using an artificial intelligence 2D-photo method

There is a growing need to evaluate the agreement between the field methods and integrate artificial intelligence (AI) using two-dimensional (2D) photos for enhanced real-world analysis. This study evaluated the agreement between AI-2D photos and the clinical reference method, dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry (DXA) to estimate the body fat percentage (BFP). Other methods were also investigated, including skinfolds, A-mode ultrasound, and bioelectrical impedance analysis (BIA). This cross-sectional study was conducted on 1273 adults of both sexes. The Bland–Altman plots, Lin’s Correlation Coefficient of Agreement (CCC), and error analyses were calculated. AI-2D photos demonstrated substantial agreement with DXA presenting the highest agreement (CCC ≥ 0.96) among all the investigated methods. InBody-270 and Omron HBF-514 BIA devices showed moderate agreement (CCC = 0.90 to 0.95) for all participants, age groups >30 years, and body mass index >25 kg/m2. AI-2D photos can be interchangeable with DXA, providing a practical, accessible alternative and an easy-to-use system for BFP estimation.

Portable devices for periodic monitoring of bioelectrical impedance along meridian pathways in healthy individuals

ObjectiveThis study aims to investigate the monthly variation patterns of bioelectrical impedance (BEI) along 24 meridian pathways in healthy individuals.MethodsA cohort of 684 healthy middle-aged participants from North China was enrolled between July 1, 2017, and September 5, 2020. BEI measurements were consistently recorded along the 24 meridian pathways over the study period. The collected BEI data were subjected to statistical analysis, and line charts were constructed to depict the temporal variation patterns.ResultsAnalysis revealed that BEI values along the 24 meridian pathways followed a normal distribution over a 12-month period. In the first group of meridians, which includes the lung, large intestine, heart, small intestine, pericardium, and triple-energizer meridians, significant monthly variations were observed. The second group, comprising the spleen, stomach, bladder, kidney, gallbladder, and liver meridians, exhibited marked differences primarily between March and April (P < 0.05), with a peak in April and relatively stable values thereafter. Synchronous BEI fluctuations were evident on the left and right sides of the body, and both groups of meridian pathways displayed similar variation patterns. These patterns largely corresponded to fluctuations observed in the spleen meridian.ConclusionThe consistent monthly variation patterns in BEI along the 24 meridian pathways among healthy middle-aged individuals align with Traditional Chinese Medicine (TCM) concepts of meridians and collaterals. The spleen meridian, in particular, appears to play a crucial role in influencing these bioelectrical fluctuations, as posited in TCM theory. From a bioelectrical standpoint, this study provides empirical support for the potential existence and functionality of meridians and collaterals, offering a scientific perspective that complements ancient TCM principles.

Muscle parameters in men and oxidative stress markers

BackgroundThe oxidative handicap hypothesis posits that testosterone-dependent traits, such as muscle mass and strength, may be costly to develop due to testosterone’s pro-oxidative properties, leading to increased oxidative stress. This hypothesis suggests that only individuals with superior biological conditions can afford these costs. This study examines the oxidative handicap hypothesis, exploring the relationship between muscle mass or handgrip strength and oxidative stress markers in men.MethodsHandgrip strength and muscle mass were measured in 179 men, with muscle mass assessed using bioelectrical impedance analysis (BIA) and handgrip strength measured using a hydraulic dynamometer. Serum testosterone levels and antioxidant capacity were measured. 8-OH-dG, 8-epi-PGF2α, and protein carbonyls were measured to evaluate oxidative stress level. Pearson’s correlation and multivariate regression analyses were performed to examine the relationships between handgrip strength, muscle mass, and oxidative stress markers, controlling for age, serum testosterone levels, and antioxidant capacity.ResultsNo significant correlations were found between handgrip strength and oxidative stress markers, even when controlling for muscle mass, antioxidant capacity, testosterone levels, and age.ConclusionsThe study’s findings do not support the oxidative handicap hypothesis in the context of muscle parameters in men. The results suggest that testosterone-driven traits like handgrip strength or muscle mass may not necessarily incur oxidative stress costs in healthy young men, possibly due to effective compensatory antioxidant mechanisms. Factors like lifestyle, diet, and genetic predisposition, which were not controlled in this study, could also influence the observed outcomes and should be included in future research.

Raw bioelectrical impedance parameters and vector analysis in the screening of low muscle mass and low muscle mass associated with obesity in adult healthy subjects.

The aim was to estimate the prevalence of low muscle mass (LMM) and low muscle mass associated with obesity (LMM-O) in healthy adult, and to verify the performance of raw bioelectrical impedance parameters (BIA) and vector analysis (BIVA) in the screening of this tow conditions. This is a cross-sectional study including 1025 healthy adults. Body composition was assessed by the BIA technique. The appendicular skeletal muscle mass index (ASMMI) and body fat percentage (BF%) were used for the screening of LMM and LMM-O. The raw BIA parameters were: resistance (R), reactance (Xc), phase angle (PhA), and impedance (Z). The vectors, R and Xc, were adjusted for height and projected on the RXc graph. Associations were checked by the correlation test, binary logistic regression, adjusted for age and body water, and ROC curve. LMM was found in 30.8% of the subjects, and 20.9 and 21.4% of the men and women were with LMM-O. PhA and R/H were the most powerful discriminators of LMM with a sensitivity of 62-100% and a specificity of 71-90%. Cutoff values of PhA ranged between 4.95° and 5.75° for women and men. The RXc graph was able to identify LMM subjects, with clustering on the right side: area of low cellularity, high R/H and low-phase angle. Traditional anthropometric indices were the least effective in identifying LMM-O. The BIVA approach, PhA, R and R/H are effective in the screening of LMM and LMM-O, irrespective of age, gender, intra- and extracellular hydration status.

Obesity and metabolic syndrome in a diverse pediatric kidney transplant population: which anthropometric measure best predicts arterial stiffness?

Obesity and metabolic syndrome (MS) accelerate arterial stiffening, increasing cardiovascular (CV) risk after transplant. BMI is limited by inability to differentiate muscle, fat mass, and fat distribution patterns. The aim of this study was to identify the best anthropometric measure to detect arterial stiffness as assessed by pulse wave velocity (PWV) in a racially diverse pediatric transplant population. Kidney transplant recipients 6-20years old and ≥ 6months post-transplant were prospectively enrolled. PWV was measured oscillometrically by Mobil-O-Graph. Skeletal muscle-to-fat mass ratio (SM:FM) and percent body fat (PBF) were evaluated by dual-frequency bioelectrical impedance. BMI and waist-to-height ratio (WHR) were calculated. Associations of arterial stiffness (high PWV) with obesity and MS as defined by WHR, SM:FM, PBF, and BMI were evaluated. Participants (n = 67) were 15 (IQR 11, 18) years old and 39 (IQR 10, 68) months post-transplant. Participants with SM:FM-obesity (OR 3.2) and WHR-obesity (OR 3.0) had increased odds of high PWV (p = 0.04) while PBF-obesity (OR 2.6, p = 0.09) and BMI-obesity (OR 2.2, p = 0.17) were not significant. Participants with WHR-MS (OR 12.5, p = 0.02), SM:FM-MS (OR 5.2, p = 0.03), and PBF-MS (OR 5.0, p = 0.02) had increased odds of arterial stiffness, while BMI-MS was not significant (OR 3.7, p = 0.08). Obesity is associated with arterial stiffness in a racially diverse cohort of pediatric transplant recipients. Anthropometric measures that assess body fat distribution (WHR) and body composition (SM:FM) are more strongly associated with arterial stiffness than BMI. MS has a stronger association with arterial stiffness than obesity alone, particularly when WHR is used.

Effects of Short-Term Low Energy Availability on Metabolism and Performance-Related Parameters in Physically Active Adults

Background/Objectives: Low energy availability (LEA) can cause impaired reproductive function, bone health issues, and suppressed immune function, and may result in decreased performance and overall health status. The purpose of this study was to investigate adaptions of body composition, blood status, resting metabolic rate, and endurance performance to gain more comprehensive insights into the symptoms of LEA and the adaptive effects in the athlete population (active women (n = 11) and men (n = 11)). Methods: Three treatments were defined as 45 (EA45, control), 30 (EA30), and 10 (EA10) kcal/kg FFM/day and randomly assigned. Pre- and post-intervention measurements were performed through blood sampling, bioelectrical impedance analysis, resting metabolic rate measurement, the oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT), and the incremental endurance test to exhaustion. Results: There was a significant reduction in body weight and fat mass in EA10 compared to EA45 (p ≤ 0.05). Blood serum levels were altered in triglyceride, uric acid, and creatinine concentrations in EA10 compared to EA45 (p ≤ 0.05). Furthermore, blood glucose was still accumulated after 120 min during OGTT in EA10 compared to EA45 (p ≤ 0.05). The respiratory exchange ratio was reduced during submaximal stages of the incremental treadmill test to exhaustion without influencing performance output after treatment EA10 (p ≤ 0.05). However, the resting metabolic rate did not change (p &gt; 0.05). Conclusions: In conclusion, this short-term study indicates that energy restriction can lead to several metabolic-related adaptations, which suggests that the availability and regulation of glucose and fats are significantly influenced after only five days of LEA in physically active women and men. Future research should focus on longer exposures of LEA and sex-specific comparisons (including the menstrual cycle) on LEA symptoms.

Usefulness of body composition assessment by bioelectrical impedance vector analysis in subacute post-stroke patients in rehabilitation

Bioelectrical Impedance Vector Analysis (BIVA) is a valuable tool for evaluating hydration and body composition, but its application in subacute post-stroke patients remains unexplored. This study aimed to fill this gap by analyzing BIVA in a cohort of 87 subacute post-stroke patients (42 women, mean age 69 ± 12) undergoing rehabilitation. At admission (T0), diagnosis of malnutrition with GLIM criteria and of sarcopenia with EWGSOP2 was done, and patients were analyzed with BIVA. The change in modified Barthel Index (mBIT1-mBIT0) was assessed to evaluate the improvement in functional recovery. BIVA revealed that both adult patients (< 65 years, n = 29) and elderly patients (≥ 65 years, n = 58) exhibited high body fluid overload and low muscle mass. Additionally, BIVA revealed a significant rightward shift of the bioimpedance vectors in malnourished (n = 37) versus non-malnourished patients (T2 = 56.9, p < 0.001, D = 1.68) and in sarcopenic (n = 24) versus non-sarcopenic patients (T2 = 36.4, p < 0.001, D = 1.5). Lastly, the BIVA distinguished patients with greater improvement (n = 53) from patients with lower improvement (n = 34) (T2 = 10.6, p = 0.007, D = 0.7). In conclusion, BIVA is an effective, easy-to-use tool for evaluating hydration, nutritional status, and recovery in post-stroke rehabilitation.

Low trunk muscle mass could predict severe stress urinary incontinence in Asian women.

Adequate pelvic floor support for the urethra is crucial for preventing stress urinary incontinence (SUI). Obesity is an established risk factor for SUI. This study aimed to explore the relationship between SUI and body composition, specifically focusing on muscle and fat mass. This single-center, prospective, cross-sectional study enrolled women who visited the genitourinary clinicof Taipei City Hospital-Zhongxiao Branch between 1 February 2020 and 31 January 2021. SUI severity was classified according to the type of daily activity in which SUI occurred. Potential risk factors for SUI, including age, labor and history of hysterectomy, were also included. All participants underwent a bioelectric impedance analysis of their body composition. Independent t-tests and Pearson's χ2-tests were used to compare the differences in continuous and categorical parameters between groups. Logistic regression analysis was used to characterize the predictive value of body composition for severe SUI. Of the 256 included patients, 37 had severe SUI. The participants with severe SUI were older and were more likely to have undergone a hysterectomy. They also had a considerably higher prevalence of sarcopenia. In the univariate analysis, a sarcopenia diagnosis was associated with severe SUI. Furthermore, a history of hysterectomy correlated with severe SUI, although with borderline significance. In the multivariate analysis, a history of hysterectomy and lower trunk muscle mass index were found to be independent predictors of severe SUI. A history of hysterectomy and a lower trunk muscle mass index are correlated with severe SUI. Geriatr Gerontol Int 2025; ••: ••-••.

Updates on Methods for Body Composition Analysis: Implications for Clinical Practice.

Recent technological advances have introduced novel methods for measuring body composition, each with unique benefits and limitations. The choice of method often depends on the trade-offs between accuracy, cost, participant burden, and the ability to measure specific body composition compartments. To review the considerations of cost, accuracy, portability, and participant burden in reference and emerging body composition assessment methods, and to evaluate their clinical applicability. A narrative review was conducted comparing traditional reference methods like dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry (DXA), magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), and computed tomography (CT) with emerging technologies such as smartphone camera applications, three-dimensional optical imaging scanners, smartwatch bioelectric impedance analysis (BIA), and ultrasound. Reference methods like CT and MRI offer high accuracy and the ability to distinguish between specific body composition compartments (e.g., visceral, subcutaneous, skeletal muscle mass, and adipose tissue within lean mass) but are expensive and non-portable. Conversely, emerging methods, such as smartwatch BIA and smartphone-based technologies, provide greater accessibility and lower participant burden but with reduced accuracy. Methods like three-dimensional optical imaging scanners balance portability and accuracy, presenting promising potential for population-level applications. The selection of a body composition assessment method should be guided by the clinical context and specific application, considering trade-offs in cost, accuracy, and portability. Emerging methods provide valuable options for population-level assessments, while reference methods remain essential for detailed compartmental analysis.

Age-related changes in bioelectrical impedance analysis-derived phase angle (PhA) and the association between PhA and sarcopenic obesity in Chinese adults.

There are limited studies on the phase angle (PhA) and sarcopenic obesity (SO) in the Chinese population. This study aimed to establish 50 kHz-PhA reference data for SO population, and to evaluate the correlation between 50 kHz-PhA and SO. A total of 10,312 participants including 5415 men and 4897 women were enrolled in this study, and their resistance and reactance at 50 kHz, and body composition parameters were measured a segmental multifrequency bioelectrical impedance analysis device (InBody 720). Participants were compared between the SO and non-SO groups. Then, age and fat parameters related changes in PhA were evaluated. Furthermore, Receiver Operating Characteristic (ROC) curves were used to identify the optimal PhA cutoff values for detecting SO in males and females. The results showed significant differences in PhA and body composition parameters between the SO group and the non-SO group in both sexes (P < .001), and the prevalence rates of SO increase with age in both sexes (P < .001). The PhA values decrease with age, with a significant decrease beginning at age 65 years for males and 66 years for females. The accumulation of excess adipose tissue was also found to be associated with decrease in 50 kHz-PhA value. Furthermore, PhA was negatively associated with SO, independent of age and sex. The area under the ROC curve (AUC) of PhA for SO was 0.790 (95% CI: 0.746-0.833, P < .001) in males and 0.763 (95% CI: 0.702-0.825, P < .001) in females. The optimal cutoff value was ≤ 5.55° (specificity 0.693, sensitivity 0.759) for males and ≤4.79° (specificity 0.687, sensitivity 0.738) for females. In conclusion, 50 kHz-PhA can be used as a predictor of SO, with cutoff values of ≤5.55° for males and ≤4.79° for females. This simple and practical method of using 50 kHz-PhA to predict SO could be valuable in clinical practice.

Validity between dual-energy x-ray absorptiometry and bioelectrical impedance for segmental fat analysis and a novel low-cost model developed using anthropometry in young adults

BackgroundAccurate body fat distribution assessment is essential for managing cardiovascular disease and metabolic disorders. Although several methods are available for segmental fat analysis, few studies have examined the validity of affordable methods such as Bioelectrical Impedance Analysis (BIA) against the reference method, Dual-Energy X-ray Absorptiometry (DXA). This study aimed to assess the validity of BIA as compared to DXA for segmental fat mass assessment, and to develop anthropometric multivariate regression models that offer a cost-effective alternative for health professionals in clinical and public health settings.MethodsCross-sectional study that included 264 young adults (161 males, mean age = 23.04 ± 5.61 years; and 103 females, mean age = 22.29 ± 5.98 years). Segmental fat mass was measured using DXA and BIA, and anthropometric measurements were collected following the ISAK protocol.ResultsSignificant differences were found between DXA and BIA for segmental fat mass (p < 0.001). Sex significantly influenced the results (p < 0.05), while BMI and hydration status had no significant impacts. The Bland-Altman analysis revealed significant differences (p < 0.001) between BIA and DXA for fat mass in the upper and lower limbs. Trunk fat mass also differed significantly in males and females (p < 0.001), except for the overall sample (p = 0.088). Anthropometric multivariate regression models showed a high predictive accuracy for both females (R²=0.766–0.910; p < 0.001) and males (R²=0.758–0.887; p < 0.001). Key predictors of segmental fat mass included body mass (r = 0.606–0.867; p < 0.001), skinfold thickness (r = 0.688–0.893; p < 0.001), and waist girth (r = 0.883 − 0.810; p < 0.001). Peripheral skinfolds were highly predictive for upper and lower limbs, while waist girth was relevant for trunk fat mass.ConclusionsDXA and BIA are not interchangeable for segmental fat analysis due to the significant differences observed. However, the anthropometric multivariate regression models developed provide a cost-effective and reliable alternative for predicting segmental fat mass in clinical settings where DXA is unavailable.Trial registrationNot applicable.

Neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio as a novel predictor of sarcopenia in maintenance hemodialysis patients: a cross-sectional study exploring associations across body composition categories

BackgroundSarcopenia is prevalent among hemodialysis patients and is associated with poor outcomes. The neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio (NLR), an easily obtainable marker of inflammation, may predict sarcopenia risk. This study aimed to investigate the association between NLR and sarcopenia risk in maintenance hemodialysis patients, examining this association in the context of obesity.MethodsThis cross-sectional study included 411 maintenance hemodialysis patients. Sarcopenia was diagnosed using the Asian Working Group for Sarcopenia criteria-2019 (AWGS 2019). Body composition was assessed using bioelectrical impedance analysis. Logistic regression models examined associations between NLR and sarcopenia risk, adjusting for potential confounders. Analyses were stratified by obesity status.ResultsThe prevalence of sarcopenia was 51% (95% CI: 45.1-54.9%), with 37.2% classified as sarcopenic non-obese and 13.6% as sarcopenic obese. In fully adjusted models, each unit increase in NLR was associated with 10% higher odds of sarcopenia overall (OR 1.10, 95% CI: 1.00-1.21, p = 0.048). This association remained significant in sarcopenic obese patients (OR 1.15, 95% CI: 1.00-1.32, p = 0.049). Patients in the highest NLR tertile had 1.95 times higher odds of sarcopenia compared to the lowest tertile (95% CI: 1.12–3.40, p = 0.018), with a significant trend across tertiles (p-trend = 0.015).ConclusionsNLR is independently associated with sarcopenia risk in hemodialysis patients, including those with obesity. These findings suggest NLR could serve as a simple, cost-effective tool for identifying hemodialysis patients at high risk of sarcopenia, potentially facilitating early intervention strategies.

Age-specific and sex-specific associations of visceral adipose tissue with metabolic health status and cardiovascular disease risk.

Visceral adipose tissue (VAT) is known to play a role in the development of metabolic and cardiovascular disease (CVD). However, the age- and sex-specific associations between VAT and these diseases remain unclear. In this cross-sectional study, 1,150 participants (39.5% women; mean age 61.5 years) underwent VAT measurement using dual abdominal bioelectrical impedance analysis (BIA). The four age groups that the participants were divided into were 18-44, 45-59, 60-74, and ≥ 75 years. The relationships between VAT and cardiometabolic outcomes were analyzed by age and sex using multivariable logistic regression. Significant associations between VAT and metabolic health status were observed in middle-aged (45-59 years; OR = 1.41, 95% CI: 1.04-1.92) and elderly adults (60-74 years; OR = 1.45, 95% CI: 1.10-1.92). VAT demonstrated age-dependent relationships with cardiovascular risk factors, with the strongest associations found in the 60-74 years group for hypertension (OR: 1.55, 95% CI: 1.22-1.98) and low high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (OR: 1.66, 95% CI: 1.33-2.08). Notably, the VAT-CVD association was most pronounced in elderly women (60-74 years; OR: 1.86, 95% CI: 1.14-3.11), while no significant associations were observed in men across all age groups. The impact of VAT on metabolic and cardiovascular disease risk varies by age and sex, with particularly strong associations observed in elderly women. This highlights the need for tailored prevention and treatment strategies.

Evaluation of muscle mass relative to weight/sitting height2 improves the association with physical performance.

To compare relationships of appendicular skeletal muscle mass (ASM) with the function of the upper and lower extremities, after the former has been adjusted by five body size variables: height2; weight; body mass index (BMI); sitting height2; and weight/sitting height2. A cross-sectional study of data derived from the baseline phase of the Physical Activity and Health in Older Women Study. ASM was measured by bioelectrical impedance analysis. Grip strength and the time spent on the 5-times chair stand test (5-CST) were the evaluation indexes of upper and lower extremity function respectively. Standardized grip strength and log-transformed 5-CST were used as dependent variables, and standardized ASM adjusted by the five body size variables were used as independent variables. Multiple linear regression models then assessed the relationships of muscle mass with grip strength and 5-CST. 1103 community-dwelling women aged 60-70years were included in this study. After adjustment for covariates, ASM adjusted by height2 or sitting height2 was positively associated with grip strength (β=0.140, 0.164 respectively, all P values <0.001), and only ASM adjusted by sitting height2 was positively associated with the time spent on the 5-CST (β=0.129, P<0.001). Weight-adjusted ASM was associated only with the time spent on the 5-CST (β=-0.158, P<0.001) and BMI-adjusted ASM was associated only with grip strength (β=0.190, P<0.001). ASM adjusted by weight/sitting height2 was positively associated with grip strength (β=0.140, P<0.001) and negatively associated with the time spent on the 5-CST (β=-0.076, P=0.012). Compared to ASM adjusted by the other four body size variables, ASM adjusted by weight/sitting height2 had better associations with upper and lower extremity function, which provides new perspectives for improving muscle mass and predicting adverse outcomes.

Plantar cutaneous sensation is independently associated with postural balance and lower limb motor function in older adults: the Shizuoka study.

A relationship between decreased plantar cutaneous sensation and impaired balance function has been reported in patients with peripheral neuropathy and diabetes. This cross-sectional study aimed to investigate the relationship between plantar sensation and postural balance, as well as the association between plantar sensation and sarcopenia-related motor function in community-dwelling older adults. The participants included 1659 community-dwelling older adults with a mean age of 74 ± 5years, of which 43% were male patients. Plantar cutaneous sensation thresholds were assessed using an automatic plantar sensation testing device. Postural balance was measured using one-leg standing (OLS) time. Grip strength, five-time sit-to-stand (STS) time, and normal gait speed were measured as components of muscle strength and physical function related to sarcopenia. The skeletal muscle mass index (SMI) and leg phase angle were obtained using bioelectrical impedance analysis. Age, sex, body mass index, and leg phase angle, but not SMI and grip strength, were independently associated with the plantar sensation threshold. Plantar sensation threshold was independently associated with the OLS time (P = 0.001) and STS time (P = 0.001) after adjusting for potential confounders. No significant association was found between plantar sensation threshold and normal gait speed (P = 0.741). Plantar sensation was independently associated with postural balance and lower limb function in community-dwelling older adults. The assessment of plantar sensation could be useful for identifying factors contributing to poor postural balance and lower limb motor function.

Predictive Value of Complete Blood Count (CBC)-Derived Indices-C-Reactive-Protein-Albumin-Lymphocyteindex (CALLY), Glucose-to-Lymphocyte Ratio (GLR), Prognostic Nutritional Index (PNI), Hemoglobin, Albumin, Lymphocyte, Platelet (HALP), and Controlling Nutritional Status (COUNT)-on Body Composition Changes After Bariatric Surgery.

Obesity is linked to increased risks of cardiovascular disease, diabetes, and certain cancers. Bariatric surgery (BS) aids in weight management, significantly altering body composition. This study evaluates the predictive value of five complete blood count (CBC)-derived indices[C-reactive-protein-albumin-lymphocyte (CALLY), glucose-to-lymphocyte ratio (GLR), prognostic nutritional index (PNI), hemoglobin, albumin, lymphocyte, platelet (HALP), and controlling nutritional status (COUNT)]on body composition changes post-BS. A retrospective study was conducted on 240 patients undergoing BS atSina Hospital,Tehran, Iran. Indices were calculated using routine laboratory tests, and body composition changes were measured using bioelectrical impedance analysis at 3 and 6months post-surgery. RESULTS: Higher pre-surgical GLR values positively correlated with increased fat-free mass (FFM) (p = 0.005 1, p = 0.003 2), muscle mass (MM) (p = 0.011 1, p = 0.008 2), and total body water (TBW) (p = 0.005 1, p = 0.005 2) post-surgery.In contrast, higher PNI was negatively associated with changes in FM (p = 0.029 1, p = 0.015 2), FFM (p = 0.002 1, p = 0.018 2), TBW (p = 0.002 1, p = 0.015 2) and MM (p = 0.003 2), particularly after laparoscopic sleeve gastrectomy (LSG). Furthermore, there was a significant correlation between pre-surgical HALP score and changes in FFM (p = 0.002 1, p = 0.042 2), TBW (p = 0.002 1) and MM (p = 0.011 1, p = 0.041 2). In addition, the modified HALP score showed a more significant correlation compared to the HALP score to predict the changes FM (p = 0.002 1, p = 0.002 2), FFM (p = 0.001 1, p = 0.006 2), TBW (p = 0.001 1, p = 0.003 2) and MM (p = 0.001 1, p = 0.023 2) particularly, after 6months. Our findings suggest that pre-surgical assessment of GLR, PNI, and HALP indices may provide valuable insights into predicting changes in body composition after bariatric surgery. Specifically, these indices could serve as tools for tailoring preoperative nutritional strategies and post-surgical interventions. However, as this study is retrospective, further prospective research with longer follow-ups is required to validate these findings and evaluate their utility in clinical practice. 1 3months after metabolic bariatric surgery. 2 6months after metabolic bariatric surgery.

Minimum Wrestling Weight for High School Girls Wrestling: Time to Revisit Minimal Body Fat Percent.

Jagim, AR, Horswill, CA, Dobbs, WC, Twohey, EE, Tinsley, GM, Fields, JB, and Jones, MT. Minimum wrestling weight for high school girls wrestling: Time to revisit minimal body fat percent. J Strength Cond Res XX(X): 000-000, 2024-The purpose of this study was to determine whether an alternative body fat percentage (BF%) could be established as a safer margin for minimal wrestling weight (MWW) determination by evaluating the distribution of BF% and MWW values naturally occurring for high school girls wrestling. Data from the 2022-2023 high school season were retrospectively analyzed. In total, 33,321 female wrestlers completed skinfold (SKF) assessments or bioelectrical impedance analysis (BIA) in accordance with sport governing body mandates for weight certification. Frequency statistics and descriptive analysis were performed to compute normative MWW and BF% profiles. Body fat percentage thresholds of 12% (12MWW) and the BF% value defining the lowest fifth percentile were used to determine the resulting MWW and minimum weight class for each method. The median ± interquartile range for BF% was 28.3 ± 9.2%. There was a difference (p < 0.001) in BF% values between BIA (28.4 ± 6.8%) and SKF (29.4 ± 7.6%), but a trivial effect size (ES = 0.14). The fifth percentile for BF% was 19%, which was used for alternative MWW determination (19MWW). 12MWW and 19MWW were 11.2 ± 6.4 kg (p < 0.001; ES = 1.8) and 8.6 ± 7.7 kg (p < 0.001; ES = 1.1) lower than the body mass of the wrestlers at the time of weight certification. Nearly all BF% values were above the 12% threshold currently used to determine MWW. Current body weights were more than 9.1 kg above MWW values for both 12MWW and 19MWW. Increasing the minimum BF% threshold from 12 to 19% would affect a small percentage of wrestlers and improve the margin of safety for those intent on achieving a lower weight class.

The Influence of Body Composition, Lifestyle, and Dietary Components on Adiponectin and Resistin Levels and AR Index in Obese Individuals.

Adipose tissue of obese people secretes a number of adipokines, including adiponectin and resistin, which have an antagonistic effect on the human metabolism, influencing the pathogenesis of many diseases based on low-grade inflammation. Body composition analysis using bioelectrical impedance analysis (BIA) was performed in 84 adults with obesity, i.e., body mass index (BMI) greater than or equal to 30 kg/m2. Serum was collected to analyze the concentration of adiponectin (ApN) and resistin. The subjects additionally completed a food frequency questionnaire FFQ-6 and a three-day food diary. Adiponectin-resistin index (AR index) was calculated. The results show a positive correlation between resistin levels and BMI and subcutaneous fat content. AR index value was also positively associated with the amount of adipose tissue and body mass. Adiponectin level in the serum of the studied individuals decreased with the content of lean tissue. Adiponectin level also decreased with the amount of carbohydrates, amount of starch, and glycemic load of the diet. Resistin decreased in patients who frequently consumed white pasta and red meat, while AR index was positively associated with the amount of white rice and saturated fatty acids (SFAs) and monounsaturated fatty acids (MUFAs) consumed but negatively associated with the frequent consumption of carbohydrates, including starch. Physical activity was negatively correlated with adiponectin levels and AR index. We concluded that body composition significantly influenced serum resistin and adiponectin concentrations the AR index. Dietary components also had a significant effect.

Association between Bioelectrical Impedance Parameters, Magnetic Resonance Imaging Muscle Parameters, and Fatty Liver Severity in Children and Adolescents.

To evaluate the associations between pediatric fatty liver severity, bioelectrical impedance analysis (BIA), and magnetic resonance imaging parameters, including total psoas muscle surface area (tPMSA) and paraspinal muscle fat (PMF). Children and adolescents who underwent BIA and liver magnetic resonance imaging between September 2022 and November 2023 were included. Linear regression analyses identified predictors of liver proton density fat fraction (PDFF) including BIA parameters, tPMSA, and PMF. Ordinal logistic regression analysis identified the association between these parameters and fatty liver grades. Pearson's correlation coefficients were used to evaluate the relationships between tPMSA and muscle-related BIA parameters, and between PMF and fat-related BIA parameters. Overall, 74 participants aged 8 to 16 years were included in the study. In the linear regression analyses, the percentage of body fat was positively associated with PDFF in all participants, whereas muscle-related BIA parameters were negatively associated with PDFF in participants with obesity. PMF and the PMF index were positively associated with PDFF in normalweight and overweight participants. In the ordinal logistic regression, percentage of body fat was positively associated with fatty liver grade in normal-weight and overweight participants and those with obesity, whereas muscle-related BIA parameters were negatively associated with fatty liver grade in participants with obesity. The PMF index was positively associated with fatty liver grade in normal/overweight participants. In the Pearson correlation analysis, muscle-related BIA parameters were correlated with tPMSA, and the fat-related BIA parameters were correlated with PMF. BIA parameters and PMF are potential screening tools for assessing fatty liver in children.

Relationship Between Diaphragm Function and Sarcopenia Assessed by Ultrasound: A Cross-Sectional Study.

Background/Objectives: The diaphragm is important for respiration, but the effects of age-related muscle loss and sarcopenia on diaphragm function are unclear. We evaluated the associations of sarcopenia and skeletal muscle mass (SMM) with diaphragm function. Methods: This study was conducted at three Japanese hospitals from May 2023 to September 2024. The participants underwent bioelectrical impedance for SMM assessment, as well as pulmonary function tests. Diaphragm ultrasound was used to measure the thickness at functional residual capacity (FRC), thickening fraction (TF), and diaphragm excursion (DE) during deep breathing (DB), and their associations with sarcopenia and low skeletal muscle index (SMI) were analyzed. Results: Overall, 148 patients (mean age 78.1 years; sarcopenia, n = 35; non-sarcopenia, n = 103) were included. No statistically significant differences in thickness(FRC), TF and DE were observed between the sarcopenia group and the non-sarcopenia group. The low SMI group had significantly lower thickness (difference -0.22, 95% CI; -0.41, -0.29) and DE (difference -9.2, 95%CI; -14.0, -4.49) than the normal SMI group. Multivariable linear regression analyses adjusted for age, sex, and stature revealed no association between thickness (FRC) and sarcopenia (p = 0.98), but thickness (FRC) was negatively associated with low SMI (p = 0.034). DE during DB was negatively associated with sarcopenia (p = 0.024) and low SMI (p = 0.001). TF showed no associations. Conclusions: DE during DB was reduced in patients with sarcopenia and low SMI, and thickness (FRC) was reduced in those with low SMI without sarcopenia.