Binge Eating Disorder Research Articles

Treatment of Eating Disorders: Current Status, Challenges, and Future Directions.

Specific psychological treatments have demonstrated efficacy and represent the first-line approaches recommended for anorexia nervosa, bulimia nervosa, and binge-eating disorder. Unfortunately, many patients, particularly those with anorexia nervosa, do not derive sufficient benefit from existing treatments, and better or alternative treatments for eating disorders are needed. Less progress has been made in developing pharmacologic options for eating disorders. No medications approved for anorexia nervosa exist, and only one each exists for bulimia nervosa and for binge-eating disorder; available data indicate that most patients fail to benefit from available medications. Longer and combined treatments have generally not enhanced outcomes. This review presents emerging findings from more complex and clinically relevant adaptive treatment designs, as they offer some clinical guidance and may serve as models for future enhanced treatment research.

Gym-going women at risk for binge eating disorder: maladaptive schemas, stress coping, and emotional disturbances/Mujeres con riesgo de trastorno por atracón que van al gimnasio: esquemas maladaptativos, afrontamiento del estrés y trastornos emocionales

Binge eating disorder is characterized by excessive food consumption, which is accompanied by a sense of loss of control and occurs at least once a week. This study compared maladaptive schemas, stress coping strategies and two emotional disorders in two groups of gym-going women (a group at risk for binge eating disorder and a group not at risk) and analyzed which variables were predictors of binge eating disorder risk in this group of women. The variables included as predictors explained 55 % of the risk of BPD: two maladaptive schemas, two coping strategies, one measure of obesity, one psychopathological personal history, one psychopathological family history, and one measure of frequency of gym attendance. The importance of these variables in the genesis and maintenance of binge eating disorder is discussed.

Examining the placement of atypical anorexia nervosa in the eating disorder diagnostic hierarchy relative to bulimia nervosa and binge-eating disorder.

Some individuals meet the criteria for atypical anorexia nervosa and another eating disorder simultaneously. The current study evaluated whether allowing a diagnosis of atypical anorexia nervosa to supersede a diagnosis of bulimia nervosa (BN) or binge-eating disorder (BED) provided additional information on psychological functioning. Archival data from 650 university students (87.7% female, 69.4% white) who met Eating Disorder Diagnostic Survey for DSM-5 eating disorder criteria and completed questionnaires assessing quality of life, eating disorder-related impairment, and/or eating pathology at a single time point. Separate regression models used diagnostic category to predict quality of life and impairment. Two diagnostic schemes were used: the DSM-5 diagnostic scheme and an alternative scheme where atypical anorexia nervosa superseded all diagnoses except anorexia nervosa. Model fit was compared using the Davidson-Mackinnon J test. Analyses were pre-registered (https://osf.io/2ejcd). Allowing an atypical anorexia nervosa diagnosis to supersede a BN or BED diagnosis provided better fit to the data for eating disorder-related impairment (p = .02; n = 271), but not physical, psychological, or social quality of life (p's ≥ .33; n = 306). Allowing an atypical anorexia nervosa diagnosis to supersede a BN or BED diagnosis provided a better fit in cross-sectional models predicting purging (p = .02; n = 638), but not body dissatisfaction, binge eating, restricting, or excessive exercise (p's ≥ .08; n's = 633-647). The current data support retaining the DSM-5 diagnostic scheme. More longitudinal work is needed to understand the predictive validity of the atypical anorexia nervosa diagnosis. The current study examined how changes to the diagnostic categories for eating disorders may change how diagnoses are associated with quality of life and impairment. Overall, findings suggest that the diagnostic hierarchy should be maintained.

Associations between posttraumatic stress disorder and eating disorder symptoms among women veterans

Recent research suggests high rates of posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) and eating disorder (ED) comorbidity in women veterans. This study aims to expand the literature by examining associations between PTSD and ED diagnoses and symptoms in this population. We assessed probable PTSD diagnosis and symptom clusters (intrusion, avoidance, arousal and reactivity, and negative alterations in cognition and mood [NACM]), as well as probable Binge Eating Disorder (BED) diagnosis and ED subscales (dietary restraint, shape/weight overvaluation, and body dissatisfaction) in a sample of women veterans (N = 371). We investigated significance at the standard p < .05, and the Bonferroni-corrected p < .005 cut-off to adjust for experiment-wise error. Overall, we found that probable PTSD was associated with provisional BED (p < .001) using logistic regression at both cut-offs. Probable PTSD was associated with all ED subscales (all p's < 0.003) using linear regression models also at both cut-offs. Provisional BED was associated with NACM at p < .05 (p = .046), though it did not meet significance at our conservative cut-off. NACM was also associated with shape/weight overvaluation (p = .02) and a global ED score (p = .01) at p < .05, but not at our conservative cut-off; arousal was associated with shape/weight overvaluation (p = .04) and the global ED score (p = .02) at p < .05, but not at our conservative cut-off. Our findings may further guide how ED-related topics can be integrated in PTSD treatment for women veterans with comorbid PTSD and ED.

Cardiometabolic Risk Factors among Women with Eating Disorders in Saudi Arabia.

To assess selected cardiometabolic risk factors among Saudi women with eating disorders. An epidemiological, cross-sectional study included women aged between 18 and 50 years with eating disorders (EDs). Women with chronic diseases, pregnant, or lactating were excluded. The weight and height were measured for the calculation of the body mass index (BMI). Fasting blood samples were drawn for the analysis of blood sugar, glycated haemoglobin, lipid profile, albumin, haemoglobin, and C-reactive levels. The atherogenic dyslipidemia index (AIP) was also calculated. Patients (n = 100) were enrolled. Fasting blood glucose levels were critically low among women with anorexia nervosa (AN) and bulimia nervosa (BN) but normal among those with binge eating disorders (BEDs). All women with ED suffered from anaemia based on their haemoglobin levels as well as dyslipidemia, hypoalbuminaemia, and high C-reactive protein levels. Women with AN had low cardiovascular (CV) risks based on their normal AIP values. However, women with BN and BED had intermediate CV risks. On average, women with AN suffered from severe thinness and those with BN had normal BMIs, whereas those with BED were overweight. Women (90%) with BN and BED were overweight and/or obese. Women with ED had a high risk of cardiovascular diseases defined by their hypoalbuminaemia, dyslipidemia, anaemia, and high AIP levels. Dietitians and psychiatrists are advised to collaborate in assessing the potential risk of having eating disorders to provide counselling sessions to women on healthy balanced diets and their effect on health.

Binge Eating Disorder: Etiology, Assessment, Diagnosis and Treatment

Binge Eating Disorder (BED) is a governing and incapacitating insane condition characterized by recurrent scenes of absorbing large quantities of snacks, followed by a sense of misfortune, loss of control, and distress. This research investigates the versatile dimensions of BED, directed at allure plant structure, amount, disease, and situation. Employing an assorted-methods approach, the study includes a different member group, mixing subjective and all-inclusive methods to comprehensively review this complex disorder. The research elucidates the predominance and risk determinants that guide BED, stressing the interaction between ancestral predisposition, incidental influences, and emotional determinants. Validating existing demonstrative tests, the study addresses demonstrative challenges and proposes concerns for cleansing tests to embellish veracity. Assessment finishes, containing self-reported questionnaires and neuro biological measures to a degree functionally attractive reverberation image, cause an inclusive understanding of BED and allure befriended comorbidities. Treatment efficacy is judged through randomized appointments to psycho therapeutic and pharmacological mediations, disclosing the influence of cognitive-behavioural therapy (CBT), dialectical behaviour therapy (DBT), and selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs). The study surveys the bidirectional friendship between BED and comorbid environments and arrives at nuanced situational suggestions and the need for distinguished care. The analysis circumscribes etiological insights, demonstrative challenges, situational associations, and all fitness impacts of BED. Recommendations for future research emphasize the essentiality of extensive, long studies, novel situational approaches, and a deeper survey of the neurobiological bases concerning this disorder. In conclusion, this research contributes to a comprehensive understanding of BED, contributing valuable visions that can inform dispassionate practice, embellish demonstrative veracity, and guide future research endeavours.

Effect of home-based transcranial direct current stimulation combined with nutritional counseling therapy on binge eating disorder symptoms: A randomized pilot trial.

To examine the effect of nutritional counseling therapy (NCT) combined with transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS) on Binge Eating Disorder (BED) symptoms. 40 women with BED were randomly (ratio of 2:2:2) allocated to one of the groups: active tDCS (a-tDCS), NCT, sham tDCS (s-tDCS) with NCT, and a-tDCS with NCT. Home-based tDCS was applied to the dorsolateral prefrontal cortex for 28 sessions. A mixed analysis of variance showed no main effect between groups or a time × group interaction. However, a significant main effect was found for time on the primary outcome: Binge Eating Scale (p = 0.001; eta2p= 0.325), which tended to decrease during treatment and follow-up. A significant main effect was found on the secondary outcome: short-interval intracortical inhibition (SICI) (p = 0.02; eta2p= 0.112), a measure of inhibitory function, which increased from baseline to the final period in the a-tDCS group, without significant differences between groups. These findings reveal that the combined therapy did not have a synergic effect on BED symptoms. Since this is a pilot study and this is a promising area, we provide data to plan future larger-scale studies investigating the effects of tDCS and behavioral interventions in BED treatment.

The Unrestrained Overeating Behavior and Clinical Perspective.

Obesity-related co-morbidities decrease life quality, reduce working ability, and lead to early death. In the adult population, eating addiction manifests with excessive food consumption and the unrestrained overeating behavior, which is associated with increased risk of morbidity and mortality and defined as the binge eating disorder (BED). This hedonic intake is correlated with fat preference and the total amount of dietary fat consumption is the most potent risk factor for weight gain. Long-term BED leads to greater sensitivity to the rewarding effects of palatable foods and results in obesity fatefully. Increased plasma concentrations of non-esterified free fatty acids and lipid-overloaded hypertrophic adipocytes may cause insulin resistance. In addition to dietary intake of high-fat diet, sedentary lifestyle leads to increased storage of triglycerides not only in adipose tissue but also ectopically in other tissues. Lipid-induced apoptosis, ceramide accumulation, reactive oxygen species overproduction, endoplasmic reticulum stress, and mitochondrial dysfunction play role in the pathogenesis of lipotoxicity. Food addiction and BED originate from complex action of dopaminergic, opioid, and cannabinoid systems. BED may also be associated with both obesity and major depressive disorder. For preventing morbidity and mortality, as well as decreasing the impact of obesity-related comorbidities in appropriately selected patients, opiate receptor antagonists and antidepressant combination are recommended. Pharmacotherapy alongside behavioral management improves quality of life and reduces the obesity risk; however, the number of licensed drugs is very few. Thus, stereotactic treatment is recommended to break down the refractory obesity and binge eating in obese patient. As recent applications in the field of non-invasive neuromodulation, transcranial magnetic stimulation and transcranial direct current stimulation are thought to be important in image-guided deep brain stimulation in humans. Chronic overnutrition most likely provides repetitive and persistent signals that up-regulate inhibitor of nuclear factor kappa B (NF-κB) kinase beta subunit/NF-κB (IKKβ/NF-κB) in the hypothalamus before the onset of obesity. However, how the mechanisms of high-fat diet-induced peripheral signals affect the hypothalamic arcuate nucleus remain largely unknown.

Knowledge and perceived confidence of Brazilian psychiatrists about eating disorders´ diagnosis and treatment recommendations.

To investigate Brazilian psychiatrists ́ knowledge and perceived confidence, both in diagnosis and in evidence-based treatments for eating disorders (ED). In this cross-sectional study, 259 psychiatrists filled out an online form including: sociodemographic data, questions about ED diagnosis and management based on standard guidelines. Descriptive statistics described sample characteristics and levels of ED knowledge and perceived confidence. Sample was composed mainly by women (65,64%), with mean age of 42.86, from the Southeast of Brazil (56,37%), working predominantly in private practice (59,85%), with less than ten years of experience in Psychiatry (51,74%). We found that 33.21% of participants correctly chose diagnostic criteria for anorexia nervosa (AN); 29.73% for bulimia nervosa (BN), and 38.22% for binge eating disorder (BED). Correct answers for therapeutic options were similar in BN and BED (20.8%), being considerably lower for AN (2.7%). Additionally, reported ED training were: 15.1% during medical school; 59.8% during medical residency/postgraduate studies; 58.7% as complementary training. Only 8.89% felt satisfied with their ED training; 50.97% felt confident diagnosing ED and 37.07% in managing ED patients. These results demonstrated an important gap in ED knowledge of Brazilian psychiatrists, and its consequences on their confidence and competence in managing ED patients.

Explaining the Relationship Between Perfectionism and Binge Eating Disorder in Female College Students: The Mediating Role of Cognitive Emotion Regulation

Explaining the Relationship Between Perfectionism and Binge Eating Disorder in Female College Students: The Mediating Role of Cognitive Emotion Regulation

Endogenous Opioids in the Homeostatic Regulation of Hunger, Satiety, and Hedonic Eating: Neurobiological Foundations.

This chapter (part one of a trilogy) summarizes the neurobiological foundations of endogenous opioids in the regulation of energy balance and eating behavior, dysregulation of which translates to maladaptive dietary responses in individuals with obesity and eating disorders, including anorexia, bulimia, and binge eating disorder. Knowledge of these neurobiological foundations is vital to researchers' and clinicians' understanding of pathophysiology as well as the science-based development of multidisciplinary diagnoses and treatments for obesity and eating disorders. We highlight mechanisms of endogenous opioids in both homeostatic and hedonic feeding behavior, review research on the dysregulation of food reward that plays a role in a wide array of obesity and disordered eating, and the clinical implications of neurobiological responses to food for current science-based treatments for obesity and eating disorders.

Validation and Factor Structure of the Greek Version of the Emotional Eating Scale in a Sample of Patients with Binge Eating Disorder

Validation and Factor Structure of the Greek Version of the Emotional Eating Scale in a Sample of Patients with Binge Eating Disorder

New Generics for ADHD and Binge-Eating Disorder.

New Generics for ADHD and Binge-Eating Disorder.

Safe and Effective Treatment of Binge Eating Disorder With Lisdexamfetamine in a Patient With Co-occurring Bipolar II Disorder, Current Episode Depressed

Safe and Effective Treatment of Binge Eating Disorder With Lisdexamfetamine in a Patient With Co-occurring Bipolar II Disorder, Current Episode Depressed

Motion for Wellness: Integrating Physical Therapy in Parkinson’s Disease Management

Parkinson’s disease (PD) is a prevalent neurological condition in older adults that causes motor and non-motor symptoms as well as effects. Impulse control disorders (ICDs) such as pathological gambling, compulsive shopping, compulsive sexual behaviors (hyper-sexuality), and binge eating disorder impact 13.6% of the Parkinson’s disease (PD) population. The discovery that dopamine deficiency is the primary pathogenic characteristic of Parkinson’s disease (PD) and the subsequent development of levodopa have transformed the area of PD therapies. This review will discuss the significant progress that landmark discovery in the 1960s, tremendous progress has been achieved in developing new pharmaceutical and surgical methods to treat PD motor symptoms. However, we will also highlight some of the difficulties that the area of Parkinson’s disease therapies has faced over the years.

A Study of Treatment Approaches for Children and Adolescents with Avoidant/Restrictive Food Intake Disorder

Eating disorders negatively affect people’s health. Common eating disorders including binge eating disorder, anorexia, and bulimia nervosa which are widely researched by researchers. New eating disorder, avoidant/restrictive food intake disorder (ARFID) introduced in DSM-5 which received less attention from researchers and the public. The research presented that children and adolescents are disproportionally affected by ARFID, but currently, there is a lack of understanding of ARFID and its treatments. This systemic review extracts relevant studies from three databases to identify available treatments of ARFID and assess the efficacy of each treatment. It aims to bring the public’s attention to ARFID, preventing delays in seeking healthcare services. Also, this review is designed to guide healthcare professionals for ARFID treatment selections as well as bringing suggestions for future research directions. Three databases (PubMed, Cochrane Library, Scopus) were searched from 2013–2023 for studies that relevant to treatments for children and adolescents with ARFID. 7 studies were included in this review. It reported that treatments for managing children and adolescents with ARFID in all 7 studies presented positive effects in the reduction of ARFID symptoms. The biggest limitation of the finding was the small sample size. The evidence showed that all different types of ARFID treatment had an improvement in ARFID symptoms. However, the definitive conclusion cannot be drawn before conducting research with an increased sample size. Children and adolescents’ motivation for changing eating behaviours and parent education can partially determine the efficacy of treatments.

Çocukluk Çağı Travmalarının Yeme Bozukluklarına Etkisi: Sistematik Derleme

This systematic review is aimed at evaluating the relationship between eating disorders (ED) such as anorexia nervosa (AN), bulimia nervosa (BN), binge eating disorder (BED), a controversial and new concept in recent years; orthorexia nervosa (ON) and childhood traumas (CT). The purpose of this review is to systematically examine whether CT (emotional-physical-sexual abuse and emotional-physical neglect) has any impact on the development of the ED (anorexia-bulimia nervosa, binge eating disorder, orthorexia nervosa) in line with the literature. In this review, Turkish and English articles/dissertations published between 1990 and 2022 in the academic databases of Ebscohost, Proquest Dissertations, Science Direct, Google Scholar and PsycINFO were used to examine the effect of CT on the development of ED. Childhood traumas, eating disorders, aneroxia nervosa, bulimia nervosa, binge eating disorder, orthorexia nervosa, childhood traumas and childhood traumas and eating disorders, childhood traumas and orthorexia nervosa were used as keywords. From the articles/dissertations reached, those who did not have an efficacy study of childhood traumas on eating disorders/orthorexia nervosa and those published before 1990 and after 2022 were not included in the review. Each selected study focused on information on the effects of childhood trauma types on eating disorders and orthorexia nervosa. In line with the determined criteria, the methods, findings and results of the studies of 21 articles/dissertations were explained. It was determined that the types of CT (emotional, physical, sexual abuse and physical and emotional neglect) directly or indirectly predicted ED and were effective on the development of ED, but no effect on ON was observed. This conclusion sheds light on the need to increase studies on ON.

What medical providers need to elevate outpatient care for adolescents and young adults with binge-eating disorder: A novel protocol.

Binge-eating disorder (BED) in adolescents and young adults is underrecognized and understudied and no standardized guidelines exist for medical providers caring for this population. To highlight the lack of extant evidence, we examine the demographic characteristics of youth with BED in an academic eating disorders (EDs) program and primary care clinic and describe the needs of their medical care providers. A retrospective chart review was conducted for patients who met criteria for BED from July 2021 to June 2022. We surveyed their medical providers to understand their needs in caring for this population. A multidisciplinary team with expertise in the care of youth with EDs amalgamated current evidence in caring for youth with BED into a protocolized care schema designed for implementation in the outpatient medical setting. Eighteen youth with BED were reviewed, 14 identified as female, 3 as male, and 1 as "Other." Average age was 15.4 (2.7) years old, and mean body mass index was 35.90 (8.25). 33.3% (6) patients identified as White/Caucasian, followed by 22.2% (4) Hispanic/Latinx. Eleven of 18 were privately insured. The most common medical recommendations were for regular meals and snacks and for individual psychotherapy. Medical providers desired more education about identification and management of youth with BED. To address the lack of medical care guidelines for youth with BED, recommendations in this Forum include: increased education for medical providers, standardized medical monitoring, an emphasis on psychotherapy, and a weight-inclusive orientation. Adolescents and young adults with BED are underrecognized and undertreated. Little is known about the characteristics of these patients and the medical care these patients receive within academic EDs program. For the first time, preliminary recommendations for medical care are provided.

Mentalizing and Binge Eating Disorder

AbstractBinge eating disorder (BED) is presumed to be the most common kind of eating disorder. However, the knowledge of BED in general society is low, and treatment options have been lacking or not been of sufficient quality. This article applies mentalizing as a theoretical framework to analyze descriptions of BED. The study suggests that descriptions of social, emotional, and cognitive characteristics of BED can be interpreted as impaired mentalizing. However, several of these impaired mentalizing traits can also be seen as a result of cultural and social tendencies, more so than a pathological component solely linked to BED. This article aims to gain deeper insights into the social, emotional, and cognitive aspects of BED. We refer to interviews with three adult females who earlier struggled with BED. Our theoretical and empirical exploration indicates that BED touches upon a wide array of areas related to mentalizing, such as inner confusion, psychological reality, and (social) self-concept.

Clinical Characteristics of US Adolescents Hospitalized for Eating Disorders 2010-2022.

Eating disorders (EDs) affect a substantial number of American adolescents, with an increasing number seeking care for EDs during the coronavirus disease 2019 pandemic. We assessed the prevalence and clinical characteristics of adolescents hospitalized with EDs during 2010 to 2022. We used data from a national database of 12 children's hospitals (PEDSnet). Adolescents aged 12 to 21 years hospitalized for ED, disordered eating, binge ED, anorexia nervosa, bulimia nervosa, avoidant-restrictive food intake disorder (ARFID), or other EDs were included. Patients with complex or chronic illness or with EDs hospitalized for another reason were excluded. We analyzed demographic data, clinical characteristics, cardiac manifestations, coexistence of psychiatric conditions, and hospital stay characteristics. We included 13 403 hospitalizations by 8652 patients in this study. We found a gradual increase in hospitalizations for patients with EDs before the pandemic and a large increase during the pandemic. Mean age was 15.8 years with 85.9% described as female and 71.8% as white. Anorexia nervosa was the most common ED (57.5%), though hospitalization for patients with ARFID is increasing. Patients' median BMI percentage was 90.3%. Patients' malnutrition was classified as none (50.9%), mild (25.0%), moderate (18.6%), or severe (5.4%). Significant numbers of patients had a diagnosis of depression (58.5%) or anxiety (57.0%); 21.9% had suicidal thoughts. Nearly one-quarter (23.6%) required rehospitalization for ED treatment within 1 year. Hospitalizations for EDs among American adolescents are increasing, with a spike during the coronavirus disease 2019 pandemic. Significant numbers of patients hospitalized with EDs have suicidal thoughts. Trends in patients with ARFID require monitoring.