Binet Formulas Research Articles

Generalized Oresme Numbers

In this paper, we introduce the generalized Oresme sequence and we deal with, in detail, three special cases which we call them modified Oresme, Oresme-Lucas and Oresme sequences. We present Binet's formulas, generating functions, Simson formulas, and the summation formulas for these sequences. Moreover, we give some identities and matrices related with these sequences.

De Moivre-Type Identities for the Pell Numbers

This paper aims to present a method for constructing the second order Pell and Pell-Lucas numbers and the third order Pell and Pell-Lucas numbers. Moreover, we obtain the De Moivre-type identities for these numbers. In addition, we define a Pell sequence with new initial conditions and give some identities for these third order Pell numbers such as Binet's formulas, generating functions, sums.

On Generalized Hexanacci and Gaussian Generalized Hexanacci Numbers

In this paper, we present Binet's formulas, generating functions, and the summation formulas for generalized Hexanacci numbers, and as special cases, we investigate Hexanacci and Hexanacci-Lucas numbers with their properties. Also, we define Gaussian generalized Hexanacci numbers and as special cases, we investigate Gaussian Hexanacci and Gaussian Hexanacci-Lucas numbers with their properties. Moreover, we give some identities for these numbers. Furthermore, we present matrix formulations of generalized Hexanacci numbers and Gaussian generalized Hexanacci numbers.

On k-Jacobsthal and k-Jacobsthal-Lucas hybrid numbers

In this paper, we consider the k-Jacobsthal and k-Jacobsthal-Lucas hybrid numbers. We obtain the Binet formulas, generating functions, exponential generating functions and summation formulas of k-Jacobsthal and k-Jacobsthal-Lucas hybrid numbers. Also, we give Catalan, Cassini and d’Ocagne identities of these hybrid numbers. Finally, we introduce the matrix generators for k-Jacobsthal and k-Jacobsthal-Lucas hybrid numbers.

Unrestricted Fibonacci and Lucas quaternions

Many quaternion numbers associated with Fibonacci and Lucas numbers or even their generalizations have been defined and widely discussed so far. In all the studies, the coefficients of these quaternions have been selected from consecutive terms of these numbers. In this study, we define other generalizations for the usual Fibonacci and Lucas quaternions. We also present some properties, including the Binet's formulas and d'Ocagne's identities, for these types of quaternions.

Gaussian Pell and Gaussian Pell-Lucas quaternions

The main aim of this work is to introduce the Gaussian Pell quaternion QGpn and Gaussian Pell-Lucas quaternion QGqn, where the components of QGpn and QGqn are Pell numbers pn and Pell-Lucas numbers qn, respectively. Firstly, we obtain the recurrence relations and Binet formulas for QGpn and QGqn. We use Binet formulas to prove Cassini?s identity for these quaternions. Furthermore, we give some basic identities for QGpn and QGqn such as some summation formulas, the terms with negative indices and the generating functions for these complex quaternions.

Binomial transforms of the balancing and Lucas-balancing polynomials

In this study, we define the binomial transforms of balancing and Lucas-balancing polynomials. Also, the generating functions, Binet formulas, and summations of these transforms are found by recurrence relations. Furthermore, we establish the relations between these transforms by deriving new formulas. Finally, we obtain the Catalan and Cassini formulas for these transforms.

On generalized Pentanacci quaternions

In this paper, we introduce the generalized Pentanacci quaternions and we present Binet's formulas, generating functions and the summation formulas for these quaternions and as special case for Pentanacci and Pentanacci-Lucas quaternions. Furthermore, we present matrices related to generalized Pentanacci quaternions.

On the generalized Fibonacci and Lucas 2<sup>k</sup>−ions

This study introduces the modified generalized Fibonacci and Lucas 2k−ions which are the generalizations of several quaternions, octonions and higher order dimensional algebras. We give the generating functions, the Binet formulas and well-known identities such as Catalan’s identity and Cassini’s identity for the modified generalized Fibonacci and Lucas 2k−ions.

The complex-type k-Fibonacci sequences and their applications

In this article, we define the complex-type k-Fibonacci numbers and then give the relationships between the k-step Fibonacci numbers and the complex-type k-Fibonacci numbers. Also, we obtain miscellaneous properties of the complex-type k-Fibonacci numbers such as the Binet formulas, the combinatorial, permanental, determinantal representations and the sums. In addition, we study the complex-type k-Fibonacci sequence modulo m and then we give some results concerning the periods and the ranks of the complex-type k-Fibonacci sequences for any k and m which are related the periods of the k-step Fibonacci sequences modulo m. Furthermore, we extend the complex-type k-Fibonacci sequences to groups. Finally, we obtain the periods of the complex-type 2-Fibonacci sequences in the dihedral group with respect to the generating pairs (x, y) and (y, x).

Properties of Generalized (r,s,t,u)-Numbers

In this paper, we investigate the generalized (r,s,t,u) sequence and we deal with, in detail, three special cases which we call them (r,s,t,u), Lucas (r,s,t,u) and modified (r,s,t,u) sequences. We present Binet's formulas, generating functions, Simson formulas, and the summation formulas for these sequences. Moreover, we give some identities and matrices related with these sequences.

A bijective proof of generalized Cauchy–Binet, Laplace, Sylvester and Dodgson formulas

ABSTRACT In this paper, we give the generalization of Cauchy–Binet, Laplace, Sylvester and generalized Dodgson's condensation formulas for the case of rectangular determinants. The proofs are bijective combinatorial proofs similar to that of Zeilberger's paper [Zeilberger D. Dodgson's determinant-evaluation rule proved by TWO-TIMING MEN and WOMEN. Electron J Comb. 1997;4(2):R22; Zeilberger D. A combinatorial approach to matrix algebra. Discrete Math. 1985;56:61–72].

Some unrestricted Fibonacci and Lucas hyper-complex numbers

A number of studies have investigated the Fibonacci quaternions and octonions that include consecutive terms of the Fibonacci sequence. This paper presents a new generalization of Fibonacci quaternions, octonions and sedenions, where non-consecutive Fibonacci numbers are used. We present the Binet formulas, generating functions and some identities for these new types of hyper-complex numbers.

A STUDY ON GENERALIZED 5-PRIMES NUMBERS

In this paper, we introduce the generalized 5-primes numbers sequences and we deal with, in detail, three special cases which we call them 5-primes, Lucas 5-primes and modified 5-primes sequences. We present Binet's formulas, generating functions, Simson formulas, and the summation formulas for these sequences. Moreover, we give some identities and matrices related with these sequences.

A note on dual third-order Jacobsthal vectors

Dual third order Jacobsthal and dual third order Jacobsthal-Lucas numbers are defined. In this study, we work on these dual numbers and we obtain the properties e.g. some quadratic identities, summation, norm, negadual third order Jacobsthal identities, Binet formulas and relations of them. We also define new vectors which are called dual third order Jacobsthal vectors and dual third order Jacobsthal-Lucas vectors. We give properties of these vectors to exert in geometry of dual space.

On complex gaussian jacobsthal and jacobsthal-lucas quaternions

The main aim of this work is to introduce the complex Gaussian Jacobsthal and Jacobsthal-Lucas quaternions and investigate their structures. We obtain the recurrence relations, Binet formulas and generating functions for these quaternions. We also give their Cassini identities by using Binet formulas. Furthermore, we prove some results for these quaternions such as summation formulas.

On Fibonacci spinors

Spinors are used in physics quite extensively. Basically, the forms of use include Dirac four-spinors, Pauli three-spinors and quaternions. Quaternions in mathematics are essentially equivalent to Pauli spin matrices which can be generated by regarding a quaternion matrix as compound. The goal of this study is also the spinor structure lying in the basis of the quaternion algebra. In this paper, first, we have introduced spinors mathematically. Then, we have defined Fibonacci spinors using the Fibonacci quaternions. Later, we have established the structure of algebra for these spinors. Finally, we have proved some important formulas such as Binet and Cassini formulas which are given for some series of numbers in mathematics for Fibonacci spinors.

A cryptography method based on hyperbolic balancing and Lucas-balancing functions

The goal is to study a new class of hyperbolic functions that unite the characteristics of the classical hyperbolic functions and the recurring balancing and Lucas-balancing numbers. These functions are indeed the extension of Binet formulas for both balancing and Lucas-balancing numbers in continuous domain. Some identities concerning hyperbolic balancing and Lucas-balancing functions are also established. Further, a new class of square matrices, a generalization of balancing QB-matrices for continuous domain, is considered. These matrices indeed enable us to develop a cryptography method for secrecy purpose.

Hyperbolic Jacobsthal Numbers

In this paper, we introduce the Hyperbolic Jacobsthal numbers and we present recurrence relations, Binet's formulas, generating functions and the summation formulas for these numbers. Moreover, we investgate Lorentzian inner product for the hyperbolic Jacobsthal vectors.

(s,t)-Modified Pell Dizisi ve Matris Gösterimi

In this paper, we investigate a generalization of modified Pell sequence, which is called (s,t)-modified Pell sequence. By considering this sequence, we define the matrix sequence whose elements are (s,t)-modified Pell numbers. Furthermore, we obtain Binet formulas, the generating functions and some sums formulas of these sequence. Finally, we give some relationships between (s,t)-Pell and (s,t)-modified Pell matrix sequences.