Binary Materials Research Articles

Enormous and Tunable Bulk Charge/Spin Photovoltaic Effect in Piezoelectric Binary Materials T-IV-VI and T-V-V.

Understanding the nonlinear response of light and materials is crucial for fundamental physics and next-generation electronic devices. In this work, we have investigated the second-order nonlinear bulk photovoltaic (BPV) and bulk spin photovoltaic (BSPV) effects in the piezoelectric binary materials T-IV-VI and T-V-V (IV = Ge, Sn; VI = S, Se; and V = P, As, Sb, Bi). The independent nonzero conductivity tensors of charge current are derived for these binaries through the symmetry analysis, along with the mechanism for generating pure spin current. These binaries, with their unique folded structure, exhibit significant charge and spin currents under illumination. Furthermore, we find that strain engineering can effectively modulate charge/spin currents by influencing charge density distribution and built-in electric field due to the piezoelectric effect. Our research suggests that the piezoelectric binary materials possess enormous and tunable charge/spin currents, underscoring their potential for applications in nonlinear flexible optoelectronics and spintronics.

Discovering melting temperature prediction models of inorganic solids by combining supervised and unsupervised learning.

The melting temperature is important for materials design because of its relationship with thermal stability, synthesis, and processing conditions. Current empirical and computational melting point estimation techniques are limited in scope, computational feasibility, or interpretability. We report the development of a machine learning methodology for predicting melting temperatures of binary ionic solid materials. We evaluated different machine-learning models trained on a dataset of the melting points of 476 non-metallic crystalline binary compounds using materials embeddings constructed from elemental properties and density-functional theory calculations as model inputs. A direct supervised-learning approach yields a mean absolute error of around 180K but suffers from low interpretability. We find that the fidelity of predictions can further be improved by introducing an additional unsupervised-learning step that first classifies the materials before the melting-point regression. Not only does this two-step model exhibit improved accuracy, but the approach also provides a level of interpretability with insights into feature importance and different types of melting that depend on the specific atomic bonding inside a material. Motivated by this finding, we used a symbolic learning approach to find interpretable physical models for the melting temperature, which recovered the best-performing features from both prior models and provided additional interpretability.

Binary ZnY porous materials through integrated high-throughput approach

Porous materials, characterized by their important applications in catalysis, energy storage, and conversion, are predominantly derived from binary alloy systems due to the compositional complexity and the limited availability of phase diagrams for multi-component alloys. In this work, supergravity-induced solidification, a high-throughput approach, is employed to construct ternary MgZnY combinatorial libraries in a near-equilibrium state. This method utilizes the differences in densities and melting points among metal phases, where denser phases with higher melting points solidify and migrate towards the bottom, while lighter phases precipitate successively as the temperature decreases, resulting in samples with compositional and structural gradients along the centrifugal direction. Subsequently, a high-throughput vapor phase dealloying technique is developed based on the above bulk gradient samples, selectively volatilizing elements with high saturated vapor pressures and leaving behind residual elements that evolve into porous structures. Through the integrated high-throughput approach, we have successfully identified multiple precursor alloys capable of constructing intermetallic nanoporous Zn2Y1 (atomic percentage, at.%) with diverse morphologies. Furthermore, we have meticulously fabricated several alloys using the aforementioned high-throughput techniques. These alloys demonstrate consistent nanoporous compositions, underscoring the efficacy of our high-throughput approaches. This integrated high-throughput method significantly simplifies the exploration and development of porous materials, offering an innovative route to exploit the capabilities of multi-component alloy systems in a broad range of applications.

Empirical band-gap correction for LDA-derived atomic effective pseudopotentials

Atomic effective pseudopotentials enable atomistic calculations at the level of accuracy of density functional theory for semiconductor nanostructures with up to fifty thousand atoms. Since they are directly derived from ab-initio calculations performed in the local density approximation (LDA), they inherit the typical underestimated band gaps and effective masses. We propose an empirical correction based on the modification of the non-local part of the pseudopotential and demonstrate good performance for bulk binary materials (InP, ZnS, HgTe, GaAs) and quantum dots (InP, CdSe, GaAs) with diameters ranging from 1.0 nm to 4.45 nm. Additionally, we provide a simple analytic expression to obtain accurate quasiparticle and optical band gaps for InP, CdSe, and GaAs QDs, from standard LDA calculations.

Ultra-wideband electromagnetic wave absorption property with bimetallic Co6W6C/carbon

Binary dielectric materials, particularly carbide/carbon composites, have garnered considerable attention for their promising electromagnetic wave (EMW) absorption property. In this work, bimetallic carbide and carbon composite (Co6W6C/C) was successfully prepared through hydrothermal method and pyrolysis process. Characterization results reveal the growth of Co6W6C nanoparticles on two-dimensional carbon nanosheets. The mass ratio of glucose (C6H12O6) to Co6W6C was found to significantly impact the EMW absorption performance. When 150 mg C6H12O6 and 100 mg CoWO4 were added, the CWCC-2 composite exhibited an ultra-high effective absorption bandwidth of 7.49 GHz (10.51–18 GHz). In the far-domain circumstance, the highest radar cross-section acreage reached 21.24 dB m2. The exceptional EMW absorption performance can be attributed to the synergistic effects of impedance matching, electrical losses, and magnetic losses. The Co6W6C/carbon composite, synthesized through a facile approach, showcases a broad electromagnetic wave absorption bandwidth, paving the way for a breakthrough in materials science with wide-band and high-efficiency absorption capabilities.

Towards sustainable construction: Performance evaluation of slag-cenosphere geopolymers under different NaOH concentrations

The incorporation of industrial wastes into construction materials, such as geopolymers, is highly desirable to improve their environmental impact. The choice of source materials, such as slag and cenosphere, and the amount of activator used significantly impact the properties of geopolymers. For instance, including high-reactivity precursors and optimizing activator composition may enhance mechanical strength and durability. However, no studies have evaluated the effect of cenosphere addition on the properties of geopolymer composites. This research study aims to unveil the synthesis of a binary geopolymer material by integrating slag and cenosphere as precursors, activated by sodium silicate (Na2SiO3) and sodium hydroxide (NaOH). Geopolymer composites were prepared to assess the impact of cenosphere addition (by substituting the slag with cenosphere in different percentages of 25, 50, and 75 %) and NaOH concentration (specifically 6 M, 9 M, and 12 M) on the material's properties. Additionally, one conventional mortar with a water-to-cement ratio of 0.5 was also prepared. Compressive strength, ultrasonic pulse velocity (UPV), electrical resistivity, water absorption, density, and thermogravimetric analysis were conducted. Results showed that increasing the cenosphere percentage increased the water absorption and decreased the compressive strength, UPV, electrical resistivity, and density compared to the geopolymer mixture with 100 % slag content. However, up to 50 % substitution of cenosphere, the geopolymer mix performed better than conventional mortar. Notably, results suggest a potential increase in CO2 uptake due to the addition of cenosphere, further enhancing the environmental performance of geopolymer composites. The findings of this study suggest the potential use of slag-cenosphere geopolymer as an alternative and sustainable construction material.

A binary salt composite adsorbent material for solar-driven sorption-based atmospheric water harvesting

Solar-driven sorption-based atmospheric water harvesting (SSAWH) technology stands as a promising avenue for sourcing freshwater in arid and remote regions. For real-world large-scale applications, the effective water absorption capacity, broad humidity absorption range, and rapid desorption properties of adsorbent materials have been the main goals of the research area. In this context, we have developed a binary salt composite adsorbent material (PAMg-Li) for solar-driven water harvesting by integrating binary hygroscopic salts MgSO4 particles and LiCl particles, activated carbon fiber (ACF), and polyvinyl alcohol (PVA). The inherent porous structure and interconnected channels at micro and nano scales of PAMg-Li facilitate water absorption, and obtained satisfactory water absorption rate even at 30% relative humidity (RH). It has been shown to be able to achieve a high water storage capacity and realize water desorption under natural light. A home-made device based on PAMg-Li obtained a water evaporation rate of 0.084 kg/(m2·h) under solar radiation intensities ranging from 200 to 850 W/m2. The PAMg-Li material developed in this work can be a candidate for a more practical and effective choice for SSAWH.

2D Free-Standing GeS1-xSex with Composition-Tunable Bandgap for Tailored Polarimetric Optoelectronics.

Germanium-based monochalcogenides (i.e., GeS and GeSe) with desirable properties are promising candidates for the development of next-generation optoelectronic devices. However, they are still stuck with challenges, such as relatively fixed electronic band structure, unconfigurable optoelectronic characteristics, and difficulty in achieving free-standing growth. Herein, it is demonstrated that two-dimensional (2D) free-standing GeS1-xSex (0 ≤ x ≤ 1) nanoplates can be grown by low-pressure rapid physical vapor deposition (LPRPVD), fulfilling a continuously composition-tunable optical bandgap and electronic band structure. By leveraging the synergistic effect of composition-dependent modulation and free-standing growth, GeS1-xSex-based optoelectronic devices exhibit significantly configurable hole mobility from 6.22 × 10-4 to 1.24 cm2V-1s⁻1 and tunable responsivity from 8.6 to 311 AW-1 (635nm), as x varies from 0 to 1. Furthermore, the polarimetric sensitivity can be tailored from 4.3 (GeS0.29Se0.71) to 1.8 (GeSe) benefiting from alloy engineering. Finally, the tailored imaging capability is also demonstrated to show the application potential of GeS1-xSex alloy nanoplates. This work broadens the functionality of conventional binary materials and motivates the development of tailored polarimetric optoelectronic devices.

Developing a binary composite of covalent organic framework and gold microstructures: Highly efficient dual-mode catalyst for analysis of nitrophenol isomers and their oxidative products

As a key hazard, nitrophenol and its byproducts are a vital raw material in the industry and potentially released into aquatic environments, which affects the ecosystem and severely threatens living systems. It is crucial to detect nitro-hazards quantitatively and systematically. The unique structures of isomer separation and catalytic reduction are highly complex in a single system, not yet reported detection method. The present report constructed robust gold-microstructures (AuMSs) with bis-triazole-derived covalent organic framework (BTCOF) was developed to analyze the dual-mode application of electrochemical redox signals and catalytic degradation of nitrophenol isomers (NPIs) and their oxidative products. The synergistic interaction of tunable surfaces on binary materials enhanced catalytic efficiency, faster kinetic rates, and poor passivation effect. Based on the variance in pKa values, both NPIs and nitrosophenols (NSPIs) could be identified, peak separated, and sensed simultaneously. A catalyst combined with NaBH4, enabled NPIs reduction within 10 minutes. This proposed electrochemical method achieved a nanomolar LOD (1.82, 1.67, and 1.15 × 10−9 M for o-, m-, and p-NPs), excellent sensitivity to ultrawide linear range concentrations while being selective, and reproducible. Moreover, AuMSs-BTCOF/GCE detected NPIs in the industrial effluents and biofluids with recovery rates between 94.70 to 99.95 ± 0.18 % with RSD of 2.86 %. The electrochemical result was validated by conventional method with proven statistical analysis (error 4.02 %). In the catalytic reduction of NPIs, the catalyst is more than 89.24 % efficient, and durable stability. The designed system has proven to be an effective, sensitive, and accurate dual-detection tool for monitoring environmental targets and diagnosing diseases.

Structural, microstructural, dielectric, electrical, and magnetic properties of a scandium-modified bismuth ferrite

ABSTRACT This paper reports on the synthesis method and characterisation of a binary polycrystalline material (Pb0.6Bi0.2Sc0.2)(Fe0.4Ti0.6)O3 ceramic. The room temperature XRD pattern confirms an orthorhombic crystal structure with average crystallite size of 25.3 nm. Study on SEM micrograph reveals the homogeneous dispersal of grains and well-defined grain boundaries and also the compactness of the grains implies the development of a highly dense material. The purity and composition of this material are verified using EDX, and confirms presence of all the constituent elements (Pb, Bi, Sc, Fe, Ti, and O) both in weight and atomic percentage. According to research on dielectric spectra as a function of temperature range of 25°C to 500°C and frequency range of 1 kHz to 1 MHz, there may be Maxwell–Wagner-type dispersion at low frequencies, which considerably decreases towards higher frequencies because of decreasing space charge polarisation. The negative temperature coefficient of resistance behaviour is observed from impedance spectroscopy. The research of modulus spectroscopy demonstrates the existence of a non-Debye type of relaxation. The thermally activated charge carriers regulate the study of the conduction mechanism. The semicircular arcs found both in Nyquist and Cole–Cole plots provide an evidence for the semiconducting nature. The magnetic study reveals the superparamagnetic nature of the sample.

Study on the synergistic effects and eco-friendly performance of red mud-based quaternary cementitious materials

Red mud, as the primary byproduct of processing bauxite into aluminum, raises environmental concerns due to its significant alkalinity and substantial heavy metal content. Addressing the limitations of traditional methods, this study proposes an innovative solution to utilize red mud, steel slag, fly ash, and phosphogypsum together to produce a new type of low-carbon, environmentally friendly cementitious material. Utilizing advanced techniques such as X-ray diffraction, thermogravimetric analysis, Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy, mercury intrusion porosimetry, and scanning electron microscopy with energy-dispersive spectroscopy, this study conducted a comprehensive evaluation of cementitious materials, revealing their synergistic mechanisms. Furthermore, artificial neural networks and genetic algorithms were employed to optimize the mix ratio of the quaternary binder, aiming to predict and enhance the material's mechanical strength. Research shows that quaternary cementitious materials outperform traditional binary and ternary materials in compressive strength, hydration properties, microstructure, and environmental performance. Particularly, the increased content of calcium-aluminate-silicate-hydrate and sodium-calcium-silicate-aluminate-hydrate gels and a denser matrix structure highlight the synergistic effect in the hydration reaction of the quaternary system. Through mix proportion optimization, a significant enhancement in compressive strength up to 21.4 MPa is achieved. Environmental assessment shows that the composite material effectively solidifies Na+, with non-renewable resource and energy consumption reduced by 84.7% and 83.8%, respectively, compared to traditional cement, highlighting its environmental and energy-saving advantages. This approach addresses red mud storage, produces green building materials that meet standards, and fulfills resource and environmental goals.

Plastocapillarity: Partial and full Newtonian drop embedding into immiscible yield stress substrates

HypothesisRecent advances have been made in elastocapillarity; reversible 3D deformations of solid substrates with low elastic moduli from the surface tension of deposited drops. This study explores permanent deformations caused by liquid drops on immiscible yield stress substrates. We hypothesize that the substrate's rheological properties play a major role in determining the shape and stability of the drop-substrate interface, and govern partial or full embedding into the substrate. ExperimentsSubstrate yield stress magnitudes are modified through altering the mixture ratios of petroleum jelly to paraffin oil. Water drops are deposited on substrates and deformation profiles of the deformed interface are quantified. FindingsAbove a critical Bingham-Capillary number, which characterizes the ratio of yield stress magnitude to surface tension, deposited water drops deform the substrate surface permanently, but minimally. Below this value, drops become increasingly embedded as the substrate yield stress magnitude decreases, with larger indentation depths and increased circumferential ridge heights. With sufficiently low yield stress magnitudes, where surface tension forces dominate over yield stress forces, the plastically deformed ridges fully encapsulate the liquid drop surface, resulting in full drop embedding within the substrate. These results advance knowledge of interfacial wetting on soft yield stress substrates and has implications for binary fluids, functional materials, and new drug delivery systems.

A computational method for calculating the electrical and thermal conductivity of random composites

In the present work, for the first time, the electrical–thermal conductivity of a composite random material is correlated with the number of conductive paths, the mean path length, and the mean effective path width measured in a representative surface element (RSE) by Monte Carlo sampling. This work is organized in two parts. The theoretical calculation takes place in the first part for the correlation of conductive paths by adopting three approaches (incremental with respect to accuracy and complexity) based on: (i) one-component straight paths; (ii) one-component non-straight paths; (iii) multi-component non-straight paths. In the second part, a novel numerical methodology for the calculation of the conductance of the RSE through the conductive paths, mean path length and the mean effective path is developed for the general model of multi-component non-straight line paths based on Ohm’s law. In addition, a methodology that reduces the calculated conductivity from the microscale to the macroscale is proposed, that takes into account the probability of percolation for finite sizes and the average value of the conductivity from the samples in which percolation occurs. After the necessary consistency steps and verification of the method and its implementation on random binary material systems, it is further applied to solve synthetic continuous percolation problems at the microscale and macroscale. The results and the accuracy of the calculations are in close agreement with existing models. The electrical Direct Current (DC) and thermal conductivity follow the same scaling relation and the proposed methodology can be applied at the same stage without additional cost. In a random binary medium the simulations showed that a scaling law of conductivity is followed by an exponent value close to 1.3. In addition, the number of conductive paths, the average length of the paths, and the effective width follow scaling laws with exponents 1.44±0.01 , −0.25±0.01 and −0.39±0.01, respectively.

Utilization of red mud in high-performance grouting material for semi-flexible pavement

The huge amount of red mud has brought great challenges to the sustainability of global economic development. Red mud, a solid waste, causes resource wastage and environmental pollution, even endangering human health. A technology used to overcome such a situation involves broad-scale recycling of red mud in road engineering. In this study, Bayer red mud is utilized as a high-performance grouting material for semi-flexible pavement (SFP). A series of sensitivity analyses are performed using macroscale testing to determine the optimal amount of red mud and water-cement ratio for red mud-based cementitious materials (RCM) grouting material. This includes alkali-activated “red mud-slag powder” binary cementitious material (RSCM) and non-alkali-activated “red mud-cement” cementitious material (RCCM). Additionally, the hydration process and products of RCM are analyzed using microscale testing, including scanning electron microscopy (SEM), X-ray diffraction (XRD), and Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR). The results of the analysis indicate that red mud has significant potential for recycling as SFP materials to achieve the goal of high fluidity and early strength. The workability and early strength of RCCM are even higher than those of cement, indicating that part of the cement can be replaced by red mud. Moreover, the macroscale conclusions of RCM can be confirmed by microscale testing. These low-carbon grouting materials offer the added advantages of recycling waste that would otherwise be destined for landfill, along with reducing the carbon footprint and economic impact associated with cement production.

Atomically Precise Bottom‐Up Fabrication of Ultra‐Narrow Semiconducting Zigzag BiP Nanoribbons

Abstract1D semiconductors with atomically precise edge and well‐controlled width hold significant promise as channel materials for next‐generation electronics. Here a method to fabricate the narrowest zigzag‐edged bismuth phosphide (BiP) nanoribbons (NRs) is presented, achieving widths of three atoms (≈0.7 nm), through molecular beam epitaxy on bismuthene in a wide P coverage range. Using scanning tunneling microscopy and first‐principles calculations, it is revealed that these BiP NRs exhibit a blue‐phosphorene‐like structure, with a theoretical bandgap of 0.38 eV. Notably, first‐principles calculations reveal spin‐polarized states located on the zigzag edges, presenting an option for spintronics applications. Formation of these uniform BiP NRs is attributed to tensile strain from lattice‐registry confinement. During epitaxial growth, P clusters act dually as feedstock and catalysts, suggesting a self‐catalyzed growth mechanism. The bottom‐up strategy offers an effective approach for the atomically precise fabrication of 1D BiP NRs, paving the way for the creation of diverse low‐dimensional binary materials with tailored chemical and electronic properties, facilitated by selecting suitable elemental 2D materials as substrates.

Preparation and thermal conductivity enhancement of binary non-eutectic phase change materials based on alum-urea for solar heat storage system

Heat accumulators using latent heat storage are commonly used in solar energy storage systems. Potassium aluminum sulfate dodecahydrate (Alum) is an inexpensive phase change material, but the high phase change temperature limits its application in heat accumulator. To address this limitation is controlling the melting temperature of Alum. In this study, Alum-urea mixtures were first developed by adding 10 wt% urea. Modified phase change materials (MPCM) without phase separation and supercooling were developed by adding NiSO4·6H2O and xanthan gum to the Alum-urea mixture. Composite phase change materials (CPCM) with high thermal conductivity were developed by loading MPCM in expanded graphite. The melting temperature of the Alum-urea mixture was 72.52 °C with 10 wt% urea content, which was 21.4% lower compared to the Alum. The MPCM still has a high phase change enthalpy (157.7 J·g−1) and ignorable subcooling degree (0.8 °C). The thermal conductivity of CPCM is increased by 16 times, and it has good photothermal conversion ability. The CPCM holds significant promise for applications in latent heat energy storage.

Composition-Dependent Phonon and Thermodynamic Characteristics of C-Based XxY1−xC (X, Y ≡ Si, Ge, Sn) Alloys

Novel zinc-blende (zb) group-IV binary XC and ternary XxY1−xC alloys (X, Y ≡ Si, Ge, and Sn) have recently gained scientific and technological interest as promising alternatives to silicon for high-temperature, high-power optoelectronics, gas sensing and photovoltaic applications. Despite numerous efforts made to simulate the structural, electronic, and dynamical properties of binary materials, no vibrational and/or thermodynamic studies exist for the ternary alloys. By adopting a realistic rigid-ion-model (RIM), we have reported methodical calculations to comprehend the lattice dynamics and thermodynamic traits of both binary and ternary compounds. With appropriate interatomic force constants (IFCs) of XC at ambient pressure, the study of phonon dispersions ωjq→ offered positive values of acoustic modes in the entire Brillouin zone (BZ)—implying their structural stability. For XxY1−xC, we have used Green’s function (GF) theory in the virtual crystal approximation to calculate composition x, dependent ωjq→ and one phonon density of states gω. With no additional IFCs, the RIM GF approach has provided complete ωjq→ in the crystallographic directions for both optical and acoustical phonon branches. In quasi-harmonic approximation, the theory predicted thermodynamic characteristics (e.g., Debye temperature ΘD(T) and specific heat Cv(T)) for XxY1−xC alloys. Unlike SiC, the GeC, SnC and GexSn1−xC materials have exhibited weak IFCs with low [high] values of ΘD(T) [Cv(T)]. We feel that the latter materials may not be suitable as fuel-cladding layers in nuclear reactors and high-temperature applications. However, the XC and XxY1−xC can still be used to design multi-quantum well or superlattice-based micro-/nano devices for different strategic and civilian application needs.

Durability and heavy metals leaching behavior of cemented paste backfill using chemical activated binary slag as binder under sulfate attack

The present study conducted an extensive investigation into the durability of Na2SO4-activated binary slag cementitious materials for use in cemented paste backfill (CPB) under sulfate attack conditions. The primary objectives were to assess the feasibility of employing a cost-effective and environmentally friendly binder in CPB applications. Samples were subjected to exposure to Na2SO4 and MgSO4 solutions for a duration of 30 weeks, and multiple aspects including dimension stability, micro and macro mechanical strength evolution, changes in phase assemblage, microstructure following sulfate attack, and heavy metals leaching were examined. The study revealed that Na2SO4-activated binary slag (OPC-slag/S) exhibited superior resistance to sulfate attack, demonstrating enhanced dimension stability. Notably, sample OPC-slag/S displayed an increase in compressive strength, even after prolonged exposure to sulfate solutions for 30 weeks. This increase amounted to approximately 10.76% and 4.81% following exposure to Na2SO4 and MgSO4 solutions, respectively. The heightened resistance of binder OPC-slag/S to sulfate attack can be attributed to its low portlandite content and the early consumption of aluminates, primarily due to the formation of ettringite. This phenomenon effectively prevents the formation of detrimental and expansive products within the cement matrix during sulfate attack. On the other hand, CPB samples with binder OPC-slag/S showed the best performance in heavy metals immobilizaton capacity due to the high resistance to sulfate attack. In conclusion, this study underscores the potential of utilizing OPC-slag/S as a cost-effective and environmentally friendly binder for CPB applications in sulfate-rich environments.

Development of a 3D Ni-Mn binary oxide anode for energy-efficient electro-oxidation of organic pollutants

The depletion of clean water resources and the consequent accumulation of contaminants in aquatic systems must be urgently addressed by means of innovative solutions. Electro-oxidation (EO) is considered a promising technology, prized for its versatility and eco-friendliness. However, the excessively high prices and the toxicity associated with some of the materials currently employed for EO impede its broader application. This study introduces cost-effective Ni-Mn binary oxide anodes prepared on Ni foam (NF) substrate. A scalable synthesis route that enables a 35-fold increase in the production of active material through a single optimization step has been devised. The synthesized binary oxide material underwent electrochemical characterization, and its effectiveness was assessed in an electrochemical flow-through cell, benchmarked against single Ni or Mn oxides and more conventional alternatives like boron-doped diamond (BDD) and dimensionally-stable anode (DSA). The novel binary oxide anode demonstrated exceptional performance, achieving complete removal of phenol at very low current density of 5 mA cm−2, along with an 80% of chemical oxygen demand (COD) decay within only 60 min. The NF/NiMnO3 anode outperformed the BDD and DSA when using comparable projected surface areas, owing to its high porosity and ability to produce hydroxyl radicals, as confirmed from the degradation profiles in the presence of radical scavengers. Furthermore, GC/MS analysis served to elucidate the degradation pathways of phenol.

Combining Molecular Motion with a 2,6-Diiodo BODIPY to Engineer Highly Anisotropic Thermomechanical Properties in Organic Binary and Ternary Molecular Materials

Combining Molecular Motion with a 2,6-Diiodo BODIPY to Engineer Highly Anisotropic Thermomechanical Properties in Organic Binary and Ternary Molecular Materials