Binary Logistic Regression Test Research Articles

Determination of appropriate policy targets to reduce the prevalence of stunting in children under five years of age in urban-poor communities in Indonesia: a secondary data analysis of the 2022 Indonesian national nutritional status survey

ObjectiveBased on previous studies, urban-poor societies are very vulnerable to stunted children under five. The study aims to determine the appropriate policy targets to reduce the prevalence of stunted under-five...

Cash flow analysis: Red flag indicators of financial distress in Malaysian companies

The unprecedented coronavirus disease (COVID-19) pandemic devastated the world from early 2020 caused an economic decline impacting numerous companies worldwide, including Malaysia. Thus, companies should foresee financial distress to better prepare and establish mitigating measures for future challenges. One method to examine the financial situation of a company is by investigating the cash flow information. The study aims to investigate the relationship between cash flow patterns and financial distress. Data were gathered from 24 public listed companies in Bursa Malaysia from 2009 to 2019 and the study applied the binary logistic regression and chi-square analysis test for independence. The results indicated that companies with a negative cash flow from operating activities would more likely experience financial distress due to the inability to generate sufficient cash to cover operations, future investment, and long-term debt. Additionally, distressed companies tend to discard fixed assets/investments, or drawdown borrowings to relieve the cash deficit.

Long term mechanical failure in well aligned adult spinal deformity patients

BACKGROUND CONTEXTMechanical complications (MC) are frequently linked to suboptimal postoperative alignment and represent a primary driver of revision surgery in the context of Adult Spinal Deformity (ASD). However, it's worth noting that even among those deemed "well aligned," the risk of experiencing MCs persists, hinting at the potential influence of factors beyond alignment. PURPOSEThe aim was to assess the incidence of MCs among well-aligned patients and delving into the relevant risk factors and surgical outcomes that come into play within this specific subgroup. STUDY DESIGN/SETTINGA retrospective analysis was conducted using data from a prospective multicenter database dedicated to ASD. PATIENT SAMPLEThe study focused on patients aged 55 years or older, who had a minimum follow-up period of 2 years, and exhibited a Global Alignment and Proportion (GAP) score of 2 points or less (excluding age) within 6 weeks of their index surgery. OUTCOME MEASURESMechanical complications such as rod fractures, pseudarthrosis, or junctional kyphosis or failure, METHODSPatients who developed mechanical complications were identified. Comparative analyses were performed, encompassing both continuous and categorical variables. Furthermore, binary logistic regression tests were employed to pinpoint risk factors, and ROC curves were used to determine the optimal threshold values for these variables. RESULTSA total of 83 patients met the inclusion criteria for this study, with a mean age of 66 years. On average, they had 10 instrumented levels, and 77% of them had fusion extending to the pelvis. Additionally, 27% of the patients had undergone 3-column osteotomies (3-CO). Among them, 33 patients (40%) experienced at least 1 MC during an average follow-up period of 4 years, which included 14 cases of proximal junctional kyphosis (PJK) and 20 cases of nonunion or rod breakage. 15 patients (18%) required revision surgery specifically for MC. In univariable analyses, patients who developed MC were characterized by higher body weight, poorer baseline general health (as indicated by worse SF-36 scores), and less favorable preoperative coronal and sagittal alignment. They also had longer hospital stays, a greater number of instrumented levels, and achieved less favorable postoperative coronal and sagittal alignment. Interestingly, factors such as 3-column osteotomies, postoperative bracing, and the addition of an anterior approach did not significantly alter the risk of MC in well-aligned adult spinal deformity (ASD) patients. Binary regression models revealed that independent risk factors for MC included the residual coronal lumbosacral curve, the number of instrumented levels, and Relative Spinopelvic Alignment (RSA). ROC curves identified an optimal threshold of a residual lumbosacral curve of ≤4° and RSA of ≤3°. Moreover, the rate of MCs showed a stepwise increase within the GAP-Proportioned group, with rates of 31% for GAP=0, 54% for GAP=1, and 75% for GAP=2, with RSA emerging as the most influential parameter. Lastly, patients with MC exhibited poorer functional and radiological outcomes at their last follow-up assessment. CONCLUSIONSThe rate of MCs remains elevated in sagittally “well-aligned” ASD patients that can be attributed to suboptimal residual sagittal and coronal malalignment, which in turn leads to poorer functional outcomes. This study reaffirms the multifaceted nature of MCs and underscores the significance of achieving impeccable postoperative alignment, particularly in the presence of additional risk factors such as extensive surgical correction, a high lever arm (involving instrumented vertebrae), excessive body weight, and frailty (as indicated by SF-36 scores).

Assessing perceptions of nursing knowledge, attitudes, and practices in diabetes management within Chinese healthcare settings.

Effective management of diabetes mellitus (DM) involves comprehensive knowledge, attitudes, and practices (KAP) by nurses, which is essential for optimal patient care and aiding patients in their self-management of the condition. This survey evaluates nurses' self-assessed knowledge, attitudes, and practices (KAP) related to diabetes management, focusing on their perceptions of personnel expertise and care approaches. Using a stratified sampling method, the survey was disseminated across various online platforms from January 2023 to February 2024 within China, including WeChat and Sina Weibo. We employed binary logistic regression and Chi-square tests to explore the statistical correlates of KAP related to DM. A total of 4,011 nurses participated, revealing significant perceived knowledge deficiencies in specialized DM management areas, with only 34% (n = 1,360) proficient in current pharmacological treatments. Attitudinal assessments showed that 54% (n = 2,155) recognized the importance of cultural competence in dietary counseling. Practices were strong in routine glucose monitoring (96%, n = 3,851) but weaker in psychological support (68%, n = 2,736). Regression analysis indicated significant effects of experience on KAP, where nurses with 1-5 years of experience were more likely to show better knowledge (OR = 1.09; p = 0.08), and those with advanced degrees demonstrated higher competence (OR = 1.52; p = 0.028). Marital status influenced attitudes, with single nurses more likely to exhibit positive attitudes (OR = 0.49; p < 0.001), and work environment impacted knowledge, with hospital-based nurses more knowledgeable (OR = 1.15; p = 0.14). Additionally, gender differences emerged, with male nurses showing greater knowledge (OR = 1.65; p = 0.03) and better practices in diabetes care (OR = 1.47; p = 0.04). The study underscores the critical need for targeted educational programs and policy interventions to enhance nursing competencies in DM management. While the study provides valuable insights into nurses' perceptions of their competencies, future research should incorporate objective knowledge assessments to ensure a comprehensive understanding of their actual capabilities. Interestingly, the data also suggests a substantial opportunity to leverage technology and inter-professional collaboration to further enhance DM management efficacy among nurses, fostering an integrated care approach.

Pengaruh Audit Firm Rotation, Komite Audit, dan Audit Capacity Stress Terhadap Kualitas Audit: Studi Empiris pada Perusahaan Sub Sektor Bank yang Terdaftar di BEI Periode 2018-2022

This research aims to empirically prove the influence of audit firm rotation, audit committee and audit capacity stress on audit quality in banking sub-sector companies on the Indonesian Stock Exchange. In this research, 30 banking companies were used. The sampling technique used was purposive sampling. The data analysis method used in hypothesis testing is binary logistic regression and Wald test. In accordance with the results of hypothesis testing processed using the SPSS program, it was found that audit firm rotation had no significant effect on audit quality in banking sub-sector companies on the Indonesia Stock Exchange. In the second hypothesis testing stage, it was found that the audit committee had a positive and significant effect on audit quality in banking sub-sector companies on the Indonesia Stock Exchange, while in the third hypothesis testing results it was successfully proven that audit capacity stress had a negative and significant effect on audit quality in sub-sector companies. Banking on the Indonesian Stock Exchange. In accordance with the results of hypothesis testing obtained, it is recommended that companies continue to optimize the role of the audit committee as part of the monitoring instruments within the company. When the role of the audit committee runs well and consistently, the quality of the audit will be better. Through strict supervision, the possibility of fraud will be smaller so that the quality of the resulting audit will be higher and beneficial for stakeholders, especially investors.

Teachers’ knowledge of soft skills and flipped classrooms: Nursing and health technologies

BackgroundSoft skills and flipped classrooms are important in the fields of education, nursing, and health techniques. AimThis study determined nursing teachers’ knowledge of soft skills and flipped classrooms. DesignThis was a descriptive cross-sectional study with an analytical focus involving 100 teachers. SettingsThe study was conducted at the Higher Institute of Nursing Professions and Health Techniques (ISPITS) at Agadir and its annex in Tiznit. ParticipantsOne hundred permanent and temporary teachers (with an equal distribution of male and female teachers) participated in the survey. MethodsA five-part questionnaire was used to collect data. The independent variable was the use of a flipped classroom and dependent variable was the development of soft skills. SPSS version 25 software was used to process the data. Chi-square test, Ficher's test, binary logistic regression test, and multivariate logistic regression model were employed for data analysis. ResultsIn total, 80 % participants had knowledge of soft skills, and 75 % knew about flipped classrooms. The most important soft skills were considered to be communication, stress management, teamwork, conflict management, problem-solving, time management, critical thinking, autonomy, adaptability, and decision-making. The five soft skills considered most likely to be developed by flipped classrooms were autonomy, analysis, teamwork, communication, and time management. Furthermore, the development of soft skills through the flipped classrooms was independently associated with soft skills training (p = 0.008) and use of flipped classrooms (p = 0.042). ConclusionsTeachers have knowledge of soft skills and flipped classrooms despite a lack of training, and flipped classrooms contribute to the development of soft skills.

THE EFFECT OF BODY MASS INDEX ON SCOLIOSIS IN CHILDREN AGE 4-6 YEARS IN THE KARTASURA REGION

Background: Scoliosis is an S or C-shaped spinal deformity that can occur in early childhood. The prevalence of scoliosis in the world reaches 4.5%. The occurrence of scoliosis can be caused by various risk factors, one of which is body mass index. Body mass index is a measurement to identify nutritional status by measuring body weight and height. Objective: To obtain sources of information regarding the influence of body mass index on scoliosis in children aged 4-6 years. Method: This research uses a quantitative observational analytical research design with a causal relationship research approach. The sample population was 583 children. The sampling technique used probability sampling, namely proportional random sampling and a research sample of 86 children was obtained based on inclusion, exclusion and dropout criteria. Body mass index measurement identifies criteria based on age and gender with a Z-score. Scoliosis measurement using a scoliometer. Results: The binary logistic regression test stated that there was a significant influence between body mass index on scoliosis with a p-value of 0.047 (p&lt;0.05). Conclusion: It can be concluded that there is a significant influence of body mass index on scoliosis in children aged 4-6 years with a role of 8.3% in increasing the scoliosis curve.

Tourists’ Littering Behavior and Feeling of Guilt: Implications for Sustainable Coastal Destination Management

Though tourists have long been acknowledged to litter beaches during their holidays, there is little empirical focus on understanding the characteristics of tourists who litter beaches. Based on data obtained from 843 international tourists who visited two main coastal destinations in Ghana and analyzed with binary logistic regression and chi-square test of independence, it is revealed that close to half of the tourists admitted to littering beaches during their holiday in Ghana. Further, male tourists, younger adults, high school leavers, those who traveled to Ghana in the company of others, as well as those who visited for the purpose of leisure have the highest probability of littering beaches. Among those who littered, females, older adults, bachelors and postgraduate qualification holders, and those who visited for the sake of seeing friends and family and business felt guilty for their littering behavior. The implications of these findings in the context of promoting sustainable tourist behavior at coastal destinations are discussed.

MATERNAL AGE INCREASES THE RISK OF DOWN SYNDROME: A CASE-CONTROL STUDY IN YOGYAKARTA, INDONESIA

Background: Down syndrome incidence increases year to year and ranks first in birth defect cases in Indonesia. Down syndrome birth may burden family physically, socially, economically, and emotionally. The most common risk factor associated to Down syndrome is maternal age. Objective: This research is conducted to understand the association between maternal age and parity as the risk factors of Down syndrome births. Methods: Analytical observation design with case-control approach is used in this study. Bivariate and multivariate analysis were calculated using Chi-Square and binary logistic regression test. Results: This research’s results showed significant association between maternal age as risk factor with the incidence of Down syndrome (p-value &lt; 0.001) and no significant association between parity with the incidence of Down syndrome (p-value &gt; 0.05) in Yogyakarta, Indonesia. Mothers aged ? 35 years have 18.82 greater risk to give birth Down syndrome baby compared to mothers aged &lt; 35 years (OR=18.82). The mean of maternal age when birth Down Syndrome children was 35.1 years old. Biological ovarium aging hypothesis presumed cause higher probability of chromosomal segregation failure during oocyte meiosis. Advanced maternal age naturally causes biological ovarium aging. Biological ovarium aging may caused or influenced by hormonal imbalance, limited oocyte pool, oxidative stress, change of spontaneous abortus mechanism, and genetic abnormality or mutation. No significant association between parity with the incidence of Down Syndrome (p-value=0.0689). Conclusion: Mothers with age of 35 year or older are the only the risk factor for having child with Syndrome Down in this research, with 18.82 more greater risk than mothers under 35 years old. The mean of maternal age when birth Down Syndrome children was 35.1 years old.

Two-Year Follow-up Outcomes of Non-lesional Epilepsy Surgery in Iran

Background: Despite treatment with anti-epileptic drugs, 30% of epileptic patients continue to experience seizures, making surgery a viable option. Surgery has shown efficacy even in non-lesional epileptic individuals, although there is limited research on this topic. Objectives: This study aimed to investigate surgical outcomes in individuals with drug-resistant epilepsy (DRE) who undergo surgery despite having non-lesional magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) findings. Methods: This observational longitudinal study was conducted between 2017 and 2020 at a referral hospital in Tehran, Iran. Using census sampling, we screened 750 epilepsy cases and enrolled 80 patients (42 women and 38 men) with DRE and non-lesional MRI findings who underwent epilepsy surgery. We collected patients' demographics and seizure characteristics. A 2-year follow-up was conducted to assess the seizure freedom rate. We compared seizure-free and non-seizure-free patients who underwent temporal epilepsy surgery, extratemporal epilepsy surgery, corpus callosotomy, and Vagus nerve stimulation (VNS) using chi-square, Fisher exact, and binary logistic regression tests. Results: The seizure freedom rate was 62.7% for temporal surgery, 83.33% for extratemporal surgery, 26.66% for corpus callosotomy, and none for patients who underwent VNS. There was no difference between seizure-free and non-seizure-free patients in terms of their baseline characteristics, seizure semiology, lesion features, and post-operative findings (P-values &gt; 0.05), except that patients without a history of febrile convulsions tended to experience more seizure freedom after extratemporal surgery (P = 0.007). Additionally, older patients tended to experience more seizure freedom after temporal surgery (P = 0.03). Conclusions: This study underscores the potential benefits of epilepsy surgery in non-lesional DRE patients. Further research is needed to establish criteria for patient selection in this context.

Factors Influencing PUS Women on the Selection of Long-Term Contraceptive Methods (MKJP) at Puskesmas Lamno, Jaya District, Aceh Jaya Regency

Family Planning (KB) policy aims to control population growth by reducing birth rates. However, many women experience difficulty in choosing the appropriate type of contraception. This study aims to analyze the factors that influence women of childbearing age (WUS) in choosing a long-term contraceptive method (MKJP). The design of this research is an analytical survey with a cross-sectional approach. The sample for this research was 95 WUS mothers who were selected by accidental sampling. Data was collected through primary and secondary data and analyzed using the binary logistic regression test. The research results show that knowledge, attitudes, husband's support, and socio-cultural factors have a significant influence on the selection of MKJP. However, the role of health workers does not have a significant influence. This research concludes that knowledge, attitudes, husband's support, and socio-cultural factors influence the selection of MKJP, while the role of health workers has no influence. It is hoped that these results can serve as a guide for family planning service officers to improve WUS knowledge and attitudes and provide comprehensive contraception.

Active surveillance of immunization adverse effects: a multicentre, open-label, three-arm randomized uncontrolled trial in Ethiopia.

Participant-centred active adverse event following immunization (AEFI) surveillance can offer real-time vaccine safety data and help in signal detection. This study aimed to evaluate the effectiveness of participant-centred active adverse events (AEs) surveillance following measles immunization in Gedeo Zone health facilities in Ethiopia. An open-label, multicentred, three-arm randomized uncontrolled trial was conducted from 1 June to 21 October 2023. After assessing enrolment eligibility, the study participants were randomized into three groups (short message service [SMS], telephone interview, and diary card). They were expected to report AEs in children 1week after receiving immunization. Binary and multivariable logistic regression and χ2 tests were used to analyse the data. Among the 396 participants randomized into the three groups, 80.8% (320 participants) reported back about their children's AE status. Participants in the telephone interview group exhibited a substantially superior response rate (93.2% of 132 participants; p<0.00001) compared with the SMS (71.2%) and diary card (78%) groups. The likelihood of reporting the status of AEs experienced by children was lower by 77% (adjusted odds ratio 0.23 [95% confidence interval 0.1 to 0.52], p-value <0.00001) in the diary card group compared with the telephone interview group. In this study, a telephone interview was found to be the best method for AEFI reporting. Participant-centred active AE surveillance could potentially permit more rapid identification of emerging safety signals. Trial registration: https://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT05803538.

Morphological traits according to BMI of LRP5 rs121908669 genotype carriers

Descriptive diagnostic is a part of clinical diagnosis. It is not reliable, but it is prompt. Therefore, it is necessary to determine the phenotypes of the genotypes of carriers of LRP5G171R. This cross-sectional study was performed on 150 premenopausal and postmenopausal women with a mean age of 40 years. Body mass index (BMI) was calculated. To determine the genotypes of LRP5 rs121908669, a PCR-RFLP assay was performed and the results were confirmed by DNA sequencing. The likelihood test, chi-square test, binary logistic regression test and odds ratio test were used to determine the associations between BMI and the genotype of LRP5G171R. The likelihood test confirmed the relationship between BMI and LRP5G171R (ϰ2 =15.658, p=0.048). The results indicate that there are positive correlations between obese BMI and extremely obese BMI and between obese BMI and GG (ϰ2 =23.707, 14.013 p=0.000, 0.00). There was a negative correlation between normal BMI and GG (ϰ2 =19.675, p=0.000). There was a negative correlation between extremely obese BMI and CC (ϰ2 =12.466, p=0.000). There was a negative correlation between BMI and GC in obese individuals (ϰ2 =19.997, p=0.000). Finally, obesity and extreme obesity are positive factors. The carriers of the mutant LRP5G171R (GC, CC) will be protected from obesity, unlike carriers of the normal genotype (GG) which will suffer from obesity. This SNP can be added to NCBI as an SNP associated with obesity.

Retrospective study on the emotional status of healthcare workers in a COVID-19 field hospital in Oman.

To combat the overwhelming demand for medical services and care during the COVID-19 Pandemic, the Sultanate of Oman launched the COVID-19 Field Hospital in 2020, designed to respond and alleviate the burden on the medical infrastructure. Several studies globally and from the Middle East suggested that frontline healthcare workers (HCW) were at risk of developing markers of psychological distress. It was further understood through research findings that HCW were resilient during times of crisis. However, there is a dearth in studies evaluating the emotional status of frontline HCW posted in the COVID-19 field hospitals in Gulf Countries, including Oman. This study attempts to shed light on the emotional status of HCW that were on the frontlines in the field hospital in the Sultanate of Oman. This study aims to quantify and evaluate the emotional status of HCW in the frontline field hospital by screening for symptoms of depression, anxiety, and sleep quality. The data was collected by a local private mental healthcare facility as part of digital feedback to design and implement supportive strategies. Data was collected between September 2021 and October 2021 from 121 HCW in the COVID-19 Field hospital in Oman via 'WhatsApp'. Chi square and binary logistic regression tests were administered to evaluate the data. The participants comprised of 63.6% females and 79.3% were between 30 and 39 years of age. Majority of the participants (65.2%) described themselves as 'financially unstable' and possess an average of 7.5 years of work experience. Of the participants 73.6% of the HCW were based solely in the field hospital for 6-9 months at the time of the survey. Majority of the participants denied the presence of emotional distress expressed through depression (92.6%), anxiety (92.6%) and poor quality of sleep (59.5%). The findings of the present study reflect the HCW ability to cope during challenging situations likely owing to a variety of environmental, social and personal protective factors. The findings of this study can translate into further research on identifying and addressing stressors and targeting the enhancement of protective factors to safeguard the well-being of HCW.

Differences In Quality of Life of Nasopharyngeal Carcinoma Patients at Rsi Sultan Agung Semarang Observational Analytical Studies in Age, Gender, and Stage of Cancer

Nasopharyngeal carcinoma is a malignant tumor in the head and neck area of squamous cell type located in the nasopharynx. Nasopharyngeal carcinoma in Indonesia is the 4th most malignant cancer and is considered one of the most malignant tumors with high mortality and morbidity. This study aims to determine the difference in quality of life in nasopharyngeal carcinoma patients with characteristics (age, gender, and stage of cancer) nasopharyngeal tumors. The research method was carried out with analytical observational through a cross sectional approach. The measuring instruments used in the form of EORTC QLQ-C30 and EORTC QLQ-H&amp;N35 questionnaires were used to measure the quality of life of nasopharyngeal carcinoma patients at RSI Sultan Agung Semarang. The data were analyzed using a binary logistic regression test. The results of the study of nasopharyngeal carcinoma patients according to the characteristics at RSI Sultan Agung Semarang based on 13 respondents were dominated by male patients totaling 8 people (61.54%), aged 45 years as many as 8 people (61.54%), and cancer stages were divided into 6 people (≥46.15%) and 7 people (53.85%) in the early and advanced stages. The results of the Wald Test did not significantly differ in the quality of life of nasopharyngeal carcinoma patients at RSI Sultan Agung Semarang with each sig intention. The independent variables were age (p = 0.187), gender (p = 0.227), and cancer stage (p = 0.558). The independent variable that most affected the level of quality of life of nasopharyngeal carcinoma patients was gender with a value of Exp(B) = 5.394. The conclusion of this study is that there is no difference in quality of life in nasopharyngeal carcinoma patients with characteristics (age, gender, and stage of cancer) nasopharyngeal tumors.International Journal of Human and Health Sciences Vol. 08 No. 02 Apr’24 Page: 151-156

Exclusive breastfeeding among Indonesian working mothers: does early initiation of breastfeeding matter?

BackgroundEarly initiation of breastfeeding (EIBF) is a starting point that lays the foundation for breastfeeding and bonding between mother and baby. Meanwhile, working mothers are one of the vulnerable groups for the success of exclusive breastfeeding (EBF). The study analyzed the role of EIBF on EBF among Indonesian working mothers.MethodsThe cross-sectional study examined secondary data from the 2021 Indonesian National Nutritional Status Survey. The study analyzed 4,003 respondents. We examined EBF practice as an outcome variable and EIBF as an exposure variable. We included nine control variables (residence, maternal age, marital, education, prenatal classes, wealth, infant age, sex, and birth weight). All variables were assessed by questionnaire. The study employed a binary logistic regression test in the last stage.ResultsThe result showed that the proportion of EBF among working mothers in Indonesia in 2021 was 51.9%. Based on EIBF, Indonesian working mothers with EIBF were 2.053 times more likely than those without to perform EBF (p < 0.001; AOR 2.053; 95% CI 2.028–2.077). Moreover, the study also found control variables related to EBF in Indonesia: residence, maternal age, marital, education, prenatal classes, wealth, infant age, sex, and birth weight.ConclusionThe study concluded that EIBF was related to EBF. Indonesian working mothers with EIBF were two times more likely than those without to perform EBF. The government needs to release policies that strengthen the occurrence of EIBF in working mothers to increase EBF coverage.

HOW THE IMPACT OF FINANCIAL PERFORMANCE OF SMEs ON BANK CREDIT ACCESS DIFFER DEPENDING ON EXECUTIVE-LEVEL CHARACTERISTICS?

Financial performance of SMEs (small and medium-sized enterprises) plays a crucial role in bank credit access of these enterprises and the economies of countries where they operate. However, firm’ executives' Resource-based View (RBV) characteristics can differently affect financial performance of SMEs that they manage, therefore, credit access of SMEs can differ. In this regard, this paper purposes to analyze whether the impact of financial performance on bank access to finance differs depending on executives’ educational status, gender and sectoral experience or not. In line with this aim, this research collects data from 479 randomly selected respondents by directing an online questionnaire. After that, the research data is analyzed by employing a Binary Logistic Regression Test. According to the results, the impact of financial performance on credit access differs depending on gender and sectoral experience of firms’ executives. However, educational status of firm executives does not play any role in the impact of financial performance on access to finance.

Prediction quality of patients’ composited outcomes of interest and how much variations on the outcomes explained by the patients’ sodium levels

Background: Hypernatremia can be caused by medications, glucose/urea-related hyperosmolarity, overdiuresis, compartmental fluid distribution imbalances, iatrogenic hypertonic saline excess, renal concentrating performance defects, overdiuresis, and hypermetabolic states. Patients who are in critical condition, encompassing ailments of the heart, liver, lungs, brain, and kidneys, frequently manifest hyponatremia (sodium &lt; 135 mEq/L). Similar to hypernatremia, hyponatremia signifies the severity of the illness and a bleak prognosis. Hyponatremia is less lethal than central pontine myelinolysis, which overcorrects sodium concentrations urgently. Aim: The objective of this research endeavour was to investigate the strength of correlations, the extent to which the independent variables account for the overall variability in the dependent variable, and the accuracy of the dependent variable's predictions. In addition, the purpose of this test was to extract the coefficients required to present the Binary Logistic Regression models that were investigated. Methods: Between May 2018 and May 2021, this study examined two Na-based prognosticators for overall mortality in critically ill patients admitted to the King Hussein Medical Centre. An investigation was conducted on 2155 cases utilising Receiver Operating Characteristic (ROC) and Sensitivity Indices Test analyses to ascertain the most effective cut-off points, specificities, sensitivity, predictive values, likelihood ratios, Youden and accuracy indices, and mortality rates. The research discovered that serial termination points with lower values suggested more robust evidence for a positive actual state, whereas higher values suggested less robust evidence for a negative actual state. A Binary Logistic Regression (BLgR) test was performed to examine correlations, the extent of total variations in the dependent variable, and the accuracy of the prediction for each Na-related mortality prognosticator in relation to overall mortality. The analysis was conducted utilising version 25 of SPSS for Windows. Results: The research revealed that the AUROC for cNa was considerably greater in magnitude compared to its prognosticator that is genealogically related to Na. 129.35 mEq/l and 131.05 mEq/l were the optimal cut-off points, TPRs, TNRs, PPVs, NLRs, YIs, and AIs for the two comparative Na investigated statutes. The BLgR models were developed in order to simulate the relationship between the corrected and measured Na levels of patients and their overall mortality rate. For critically ill patients, the probabilities of overall mortality at the optimal cutoff operating Na levels were 79.59 and 81.62 percent, respectively.

Strategic Marketing Communication for Sustainable Growth: Examining the Influence on Export Intentions and Financial Performance in Iron and Mining SMEs

The positive contributions that small and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs) make in the iron and mining industries are vital for the development of the global economy. However, their costly operations in disadvantaged regions and the green economy interests of financial institutions have made them face more financial obstacles that decrease their export and financial performance. In this regard, their ability to use marketing communication tools that are included in the dynamic capability of Resource-based View theory (RBV) can reduce their exporting and financial performance concerns. This is because using these marketing communication tools presents them with less costly marketing solutions and provides competitive advantages for SMEs against their larger-sized rivals. In this regard, this paper aims to analyze the impact of one-way (telemarketing, direct mail, website, etc.) and two-way marketing communication tools (social media platforms) on SMEs' export intention and financial performance from the iron and mining industries. The research team collected data from 1221 SMEs operating in Eastern European countries via an internet-mediated questionnaire to hit this target. The impacts of the marketing communication tools on export intention and financial performance are analyzed via the Binary Logistic Regression Test. The results show that while using one-way and two-way marketing communication tools does not affect the export intention of SMEs, it negatively affects their financial performance. The reason for these results might be related to the location and sector in which SMEs operate.

Content Analysis: Portrayals of Partner Aggression In the Novel "It Ends With Us"

Gender-based aggression or violence in society can happen to anyone, at any time, and by anyone who commits it. There are several factors that cause physical aggression. One of the novels by Colleen Hoover, namely It Ends With Us, has elements of physical aggression in it. Therefore, this research aims to determine the gender of the perpetrator of aggression, the depiction of the type of aggression in the novel, and the relationship between the type of aggression and how the target responds to the aggression. The population in this study were all chapters or acts in the novel. Researchers used census sampling techniques and produced all 36 chapters as research samples. This research involved two coders for the research process through coding sheets and coding books. Data analysis carried out was an inter-coder reliability test, descriptive analysis, chi-square test, and binary logistic regression test using the SPSS version 25 application. The results of the study showed that there were several categories that dominate and describe aggression, as well as the relationship between aggression and the target response in the novel "It Ends With Us".