Billion In FY Research Articles

Effect of sustainable leadership development and employee empowerment in MSME industry in India

Abstract In the 21st Century, The Micro Small, and Medium Enterprises (MSME) in India have established their credibility of mass employment and contributing to around 30% of India’s GDP in 2020. As of 2020, India is a house of 2.5 million units and proved the backbone of large sectors such as Manufacturing, Agriculture, Aviation, IT & ITeS, Pharma, Cement, and Automobile to name a few. India Government initiatives helped MSME to grow at the rate of 18.5% CAGR in 2019-2020. Indian Government is committed to bringing sustainable growth to the MSME sector. This brings the point to look into scalability issues often faced by these industries due to typical Owner and employee organization structure with lack of knowledge in recent HR practices. All the management and operational decisions are factored into top leadership (the business owner and his son’s). With the young entrepreneurs stepping into the family business, the face of this industry is bound to change further. Indian Government has doubled the budget for the MSME sector in FY22 that is $ 1.03 billion in FY 21 to $ 2.14 billion in FY22. With the Industrial revolution 5.0, India has witnessed multiple Unicorns in the last decade; therefore, it is bound to see maturity in leadership sustainability and focus on employees’ empowerment. The study goal is to look into labour law barriers faced by the MSME industry which is not covered in the FY22 vision document for the early adoption of a modern HRM approach to meet 5 trillion dollars business demands by 2025.

Vanguard Charitable DAFs award $1.7 billion in FY 2021 grants

Vanguard Charitable DAFs award $1.7 billion in FY 2021 grants

Proposed SAMHSA budget includes huge additions for block grant

Last month, the Biden administration released the proposed budget for FY 2022, which runs from Oct. 1, 2021, to Sept. 30, 2022. Funding levels include, as expected, additions for the Substance Abuse Prevention and Treatment block grant (SAPT BG), to $3.5 billion (an additional $1.65 billion compared to $1.858 billion in FY 2021 regular appropriation). The SAPT BG has received under $2 billion for decades. The SAPT BG is distributed to the states.

$2.3 trillion spending bill includes COVID‐19 relief, adding $1.65 billion to SAPT BG

Just before Christmas, Congress passed a $2.3 trillion spending package that included $1.4 trillion in appropriations for fiscal year 2021 and $900 billion for COVID‐19 relief (another “stimulus” bill). The appropriations bill level‐funded the Substance Abuse Prevention and Treatment block grant (SAPT BG) at $1.858 billion, and level‐funded the State Opioid Response (SOR) grant at $1.5 billion (this grant program includes stimulants as of last year). However, the COVID‐19 relief part of the law gave the SAPT BG an extra $1.65 billion for FY 2021.

An Attacker-defender Resource Allocation Game with Substitution and Complementary Effects.

The United States is funding homeland security programs with a large budget (e.g., 74.4 billion for FY 2019). A number of game-theoretic defender-attacker models have been developed to study the optimal defense resource allocation strategies for the government (defender) against the strategic adversary (attacker). However, to the best of our knowledge, the substitution or complementary effects between different types of defensive resources (e.g., human resource, land resource, and capital resource) have not been taken into consideration even though they exist in practice. The article fills this gap by studying a sequential game-theoretical resource allocation model and then exploring how the joint effectiveness of multiple security investments influences the defensive budget allocation among multiple potential targets. Three false belief models have been developed in which only the defender, only the attacker, and both the defender and attacker hold false beliefs about the joint effectiveness of resources. Regression analysis shows that there are significant substitution effects between human and capital resources. The results show that the defender will suffer a higher loss if he fails to consider the substitution or complementary effects. Interestingly, if the attacker holds a false belief while the defender does not, the defender will suffer an even higher loss, especially when the resources are substitutes. However, if both the attacker and defender hold false beliefs, there will be lower loss when resources are complementary. The results also show that the defender should allocate the highly effective resource when the resources substitute each other. This article provides some new insights to the homeland security resourceallocation.

News

Nonprofit Business AdvisorVolume 2018, Issue 348 p. 12-12 News News First published: 16 August 2018 https://doi.org/10.1002/nba.30498Citations: 2Read the full textAboutPDF ToolsRequest permissionExport citationAdd to favoritesTrack citation ShareShare Give accessShare full text accessShare full-text accessPlease review our Terms and Conditions of Use and check box below to share full-text version of article.I have read and accept the Wiley Online Library Terms and Conditions of UseShareable LinkUse the link below to share a full-text version of this article with your friends and colleagues. Learn more.Copy URL Share a linkShare onFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditWechat Abstract Blackbaud signs on as partner for Center for the Digital Nonprofit Schwab Charitable reports record $2 billion in FY 2018 grants Citing Literature Volume2018, Issue348September 2018Pages 12-12 RelatedInformation

Review of the Fund's Income Position for FY 2017 and FY 2018

The Fund’s total net income for FY 2017, including surcharges, is projected at about SDR 1.7 billion or some SDR 0.7 billion higher than expected in April 2016. This mainly reflects the IAS 19 adjustment (relating to reporting of employee benefits), which is expected to contribute about SDR 0.4 billion to net income, and higher investment income. Lending income is expected to be modestly lower than the April 2016 estimates. The paper recommends that GRA net income of SDR 1.2 billion for FY 2017 (which excludes projected income of the gold endowment), be placed equally to the special and general reserve. After the placement of GRA FY 2017 net income to reserves, precautionary balances are projected to reach SDR 16.4 billion at the end of FY 2017. The paper further proposes to transfer currencies equivalent to the increase in the Fund’s reserves from the GRA to the Investment Account. In April 2016, the margin for the rate of charge was set at 100 basis points for the two years FY 2017 and FY 2018. The margin may be adjusted before the end of the first year of this two-year period (i.e., FY 2017) but only if warranted by fundamental changes in the underlying factors relevant for the establishment of the margin at the start of the two-year period. Staff does not propose a change in the margin. The projections for FY 2018 point to a net income position of SDR 0.7 billion. These projections are subject to considerable uncertainty and are sensitive to a number of assumptions.

STRATEGIC ANALYSIS OF THE INDIAN IT INDUSTRY WITH FOCUS ON ITS BIG THREE FIRMS

ABSTRACT India’s IT sector generated US $ 146 billion in FY 2015 accounting for around 55% share of the Global IT outsourcing market making it the world’s largest sourcing destination. The article begins with an explanation of India’s advantage with the use of Porter’s Diamond Model. The IT spend by businesses, government and consumers comprises of spend on continuing operations and implementing new business models. The specifics of the IT industry are understood through the Value Chain with a closer view of the user segments and the major service lines offered by IT Firms. The Five forces that shape competition in the IT industry is elucidated. The Value Proposition of a typical IT player is explained. It may be noted that the IT Firms within a decade during the early 2000’s had moved up their value proposition from providing staffing services to Application Development services. The positioning, strategy and the service lines of the Top Three Indian IT companies viz TCS, Infosys and Wipro are discussed. A comparative study between the three companies is made. The article ends with a perspective on the road ahead. Keywords Porter’s Diamond Model, Five Forces Framework, Value ChainAnalysis, Value Proposition, Positioning, Strategy, Service Lines, Onsite, Offshore, Application Development

Review of the Fund's Income Position for FY 2016 and FY 2017-2018

The Fund’s total net income for FY 2016 including surcharges is projected at about SDR 1.0 billion or some SDR 0.15 billion higher than expected in April 2015. Lending income continues to be the main source of income and is in line with April 2015 estimates. Investment income has fallen reflecting the decline in equity markets that exceeded the modest returns on fixed income securities. As a result of the 5-yearly review of key actuarial assumptions, the IAS 19 adjustment (relating to reporting of employee benefits) is expected to contribute about SDR 0.3 billion to net income in FY 2016. The paper recommends that GRA net income of SDR 1.1 billion for FY 2016 (which excludes projected losses of the gold endowment), be placed equally to the special and general reserve. After the placement to reserves, precautionary balances are projected to reach SDR 15.2 billion at the end of FY 2016. Following the completion of the Board’s review of the investment strategy for the Fixed-Income Subaccount, the paper further proposes to transfer currencies equivalent to the increase of the Fund’s reserves for FY 2014 and FY 2015 (totaling SDR 2.6 billion) and FY 2016 (estimated at SDR 1.1 billion), from the GRA to the Investment Account. The paper proposes that the margin for the rate of charge be set at 100 basis points for the two years FY 2017 and FY 2018. This follows a comprehensive review of the underlying factors relevant for the establishment of the margin this year and also takes into account the impact of the inclusion of the renminbi in the SDR basket on Fund income and borrowing costs. The projections for FY 2017 and FY 2018 point to a net income position of SDR 1 billion and SDR 0.7 billion, respectively. These projections are subject to considerable uncertainty and are sensitive to a number of assumptions.

The Consolidated Medium-Term Income and Expenditure Framework

The medium-term income projections have been updated since the last estimate provided to the Executive Board in April 2013. Lending income is higher compared with the earlier estimates as a result of new arrangements approved since April 2013. Non-lending income is lower primarily due to revised projections for investment income. The updated expenditure path assumes the net administrative budget remains constant in real terms at the FY 2014 level, implying a nominal medium-term path that is somewhat higher than in the April 2013 projections. Precautionary balances are projected to reach the current target of SDR 20 billion in FY 2018. The projections also illustrate a broad balance between income and expenditures even if lending were to return to pre-crisis levels.

Capital Flows to Egypt Under the Financial Globalization

This paper analyzes the financial globalization and the factors which accelerate this phenomenon. It also touched on its benefits and risks. Then it moves to analysis the capital flows in Egypt, trends and components. The results indicate that the Egypt's share in both of the international capital flows and the capital flows to the middle east dropped dramatically, reaching .08% and minus 43% in 2001 compared with 0.15% and 22.2% in 1997. As a reflection, the capital flows components declined. The flows of the FDI decreased to $647 million in 2002 compared with $1.1 billion in 2000. Moreover, the inflows of portfolio investment turned into out flows in FY 2002/2003, reaching $405.2 million compared with $1.5 billion in FY 96/97. On the other hand, the external debt to GDP ratio increased from 28.2% in FY 1999/2000 to 43.7% in July/Sept. of 2003/2004. Finally, the paper recommended a number of axes to maximize the capital flows to Egypt under the acceleration of the financial globalization phenomenon now a days and at the future.

Facts, Statistics, and the Government Policy Research Function

Policy research is sort of like pornography: you know it when you see it, but it is difficult to define. If one thinks of a question which asks How are federal programs and policies affecting or likely to affect outcomes in the larger society, policy research can be thought of as the way in which agencies try to come up with answers to that question. It is difficult to break down the total spending on such policy research activities since there is no current line-item category for such research in the Federal budget. If one uses some of GAO's budget function classifications, total spending on such activities was just under $4.8 billion in FY 1996. This figure is misleading since it includes some activities which are more educational than research and it also leaves out some relevant spending since agencies are not consistent in the way that they categorize expenditures. Nonetheless, it is clear that research into the way government programs work and ways in which they could work is a substantial activity, on a par with the more prominent data collection activities it undertakes.

Presidential Candidates Speak Out on Science Policies

Presidential Candidates Speak Out on Science Policies

R&D in the United States department of homeland security

” The Department of Homeland Security (DHS) began full operations in March by consolidating nearly 180,000 federal employees from nearly two-dozen agencies into a single cabinet-level department . ” The DHS would become one of the major funding sources of R&D . The DHS R&D portfolio would total $1.0 billion in FY 2004, a 50% jump from the $669 million for comparable programs in FY 2003 and nearly quadruple the FY 2002 funding level . 2 ” In FY 2003, DHS R&D would be mostly transfers of existing programs from the Departments of Agriculture (USDA), Defense (DOD), Energy (DOE), and Transportation (DOT), but in FY 2004 a new Homeland Security Advanced Research Projects Agency (HSARPA) would fund extramural R&D. ” Bioterrorism R&D would stay in the National Institutes of Health (NIH), but DHS will have a priority-setting role .

Congress Boosts Budget For MH Research, Treatment

Back to table of contents Previous article Next article Government NewsFull AccessCongress Boosts Budget For MH Research, TreatmentChristine LehmannChristine LehmannSearch for more papers by this authorPublished Online:1 Feb 2002https://doi.org/10.1176/pn.37.3.0002In December Congress approved a 15 percent increase in funding for the National Institutes of Health (NIH), which will allow it to continue expanding its research portfolio in Fiscal 2002. President George W. Bush immediately signed the federal spending measure into law.The increase of nearly $3 billion—which gives NIH a total budget of $23 billion—drew praise from APA and other members of the Mental Health Liaison Group for being nearly half a billion dollars more than what Bush and the House of Representatives had recommendedRoughly 1 percent of that increase is slated for non-NIH activities, leaving the NIH with a funding increase of 14 percent, according to Lizbet Boroughs, an associate director of the APA Division of Government Relations.The Mental Health Liaison Group and the Ad Hoc Group on Research Funding, of which APA is also a member, have advocated each year for specific increases in the NIH budget with the goal of doubling the total budget over a five-year period ending next fiscal year. The Ad Hoc Group on Research Funding was successful in obtaining increases of 15 percent in FY 1999 and FY 2000 and 14 percent in FY 2001 and FY 2002.The Senate typically passes higher increases for NIH than does the House. The conference agreement reflects the average between the two bodies’ recommendations. In 2001 the Senate passed an increase for NIH of 16.5 percent, for which the Ad Hoc Group on Research Funding had advocated, but the House passed the president’s requested increase of 13.5 percent; the difference was split in conference.Similar budget compromises were reached last December for the three institutes involved in mental health and addictive disorders. The budget for the National Institute of Mental Health (NIMH) was increased 13 percent, for a total of $1.249 billion; the budget for the National Institute on Drug Abuse (NIDA) was increased 12 percent, for a total of $888 million; and the budget for the National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism (NIAAA) was increased by 12 percent, for a total of $384 million, according to the final conference agreement. Last year’s increases were 14 percent for NIMH and NIDA, and 16 percent for NIAAA.Jeremy Lazarus, M.D., chair of APA’s Joint Commission on Government Relations, commented to Psychiatric News, “We are pleased with the substantial increases for these institutes and mental health and substance abuse treatment and prevention. Congress is increasingly aware of the importance of research and treatment of those with mental illness or substance abuse. We applaud their approval of the increases that will advance research and treatment of our patients.”As the Senate and House began the appropriations process last spring, members of APA’s Academic Consortium visited key representatives and aides on Capitol Hill (Psychiatric News, May 4, 2001) to convey the message that medical research can significantly improve people’s lives.“Patient advocates described to congressional aides how they have benefited from the newer medications,” said Boroughs. “A veteran with schizophrenia said he went from being homeless and in and out of hospitals to working part time and living independently.”The budget for the Substance Abuse and Mental Health Services Administration (SAMHSA) was increased by roughly 6 percent, to $3.138 billion for FY 2002. The FY 2002 budget for the Center for Mental Health Services (CMHS), which is part of SAMHSA, is $832 million, representing an increase of 6 percent. Specific programs within CMHS were also increased:• The Mental Health Block Grant, which is administered by the states to fund programs serving people with severe mental illnesses and children with severe emotional disturbances.• The Projects for Assistance in Transition From Homelessness (known as PATH), which is another state-administered grant program to fund community-based services for homeless individuals with mental illness.• Programs of Regional and National Significance, which include funding for new national initiatives. These include the jail-diversion program that would fund treatment and community supports for nonviolent criminal offenders with severe mental illnesses, research and treatment of youth with posttraumatic stress disorder, the development of model suicide-prevention programs, mental health counseling of public safety workers, and mental health education and services to senior citizens.• The Children’s Mental Health Program, which grants funding to states to provide community-based services to children with serious emotional disorders.• The Youth Violence Prevention Program, which funds state efforts to reduce school-based violence through early intervention and treatment.Congress approved a 5 percent increase for the Center for Substance Abuse Treatment within SAMHSA, for a total FY 2002 budget of $2.017 billion. The Center for Substance Abuse Prevention had a budget increase of 13 percent, for a budget of $198 million. ▪ ISSUES NewArchived

Clinton keeps pledge for NIST

Clinton wants a total of $1.023 billion for FY 1996 for the National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST). This is a 19.8% increase over the current appropriation.In keeping with Clinton's belief in high technology as an engine to create jobs and improve competitiveness, the administration has regularly requested significant growth for NIST. In past years, Congress has granted NIST increases—though lower ones than requested. Of late, some key Republicans have taken to task NIST's cooperative efforts with industry. A bill is already in the works in Congress to rescind some of the FY 1995 funding for the Advanced Technology Program (ATP), which is one of NIST's technology development and outreach programs.

Senate panel funds station, cuts NASA, NSF requests

The Senate Appropriations committee accepted the recommendations of its subcommittee on Veterans Affairs, Housing, and Urban Development, headed by Barbara Mikulski (D‐Md.), and approved full funding for Space Station Freedom for FY 1992, while cutting some space science programs. It also approved a 14% increase for the National Science Foundation, which is 3% below the increase already approved by the House. The resolution was sent to the Senate floor for a full vote on July 17, where an amendment by Dale Bumpers (D‐Ark.) to eliminate Freedom's funding was defeated by a vote of 64 to 35.The committee recommended that NASA receive $14.3 billion for FY 1992, which was $436.9 million above the amount recommended by the House, but $1.4 billion below the Administration's request.

U.S. Science agencies unveil FY 92 budgets: National Science Foundation

NSF's budget request is $2.72 billion for FY 1992, 17.5% above what it received last year. In introducing the budget, Frederick M. Bernthal, NSF acting director, stressed the critical role that scientific research and education must play to keep America competitive in the world economy—a context that has shaped the budget. Bernthal called the request “an extraordinarily good budget,” characterizing NSF's allotment as “favored treatment.”NSF cited two major objectives behind its budget: to “strengthen the research base and infrastructure,” and “to develop human resources, broaden participation, and improve science and engineering education and training.”Bernthal ranked NSF's priorities as people first, instrumentation next, and facilities third. About three‐fourths of the budget would fund research and infrastructure. One special high‐priority area is high performance computing and communications ($213 million, up 26%), “to provide the cutting‐edge computing and networking technology and the development and infrastructure necessary for advanced research in all science and engineering disciplines,” according to NSF. Another special area is global change research, receiving $118.5 million (up 36%) for basic research on “future changes in the Earth–s environment.” Eight other federal agencies are part of this initiative. Education and human resources also receives priority ($582 million, with $390 million devoted to education).

New shuttle?

A good demonstration of voting power was provided at a March 13 markup hearing of the House Subcommittee on Space Science and Applications. After somewhat heated debate, the subcommittee voted generally along party lines to construct a new unmanned shuttle.Although the House and Senate have not agreed on final Fiscal Year 1990 NASA authorizing legislation, which both chambers passed last year, the subcommittee put its final touches on a new 3‐year NASA authorization bill. H.R. 4196 provides a 23% increase in budget authority, authorizing $3.4 billion in FY 1991, $11.2 billion in FY 1992, and $16.2 billion in FY 1993. Space interests have long sought a multiyear authorization, claiming it would ensure budget stability.

Global change in FY 1991 budget

Global change studies will have increased support in Fiscal Year 1991 if Congress accepts the budget that President George Bush sent to Capitol Hill January 29. Global change research by federal agencies would receive 57% more money, from $659 million in FY 1990 to $1,034 billion in FY 1991.FY 1991 highlights of the U.S. Global Change Research Program, which was announced as a Presidential Initiative in January 1989, were reviewed January 29 at a news briefing in Washington, D.C., by the Committee on Earth Sciences of the Federal Coordinating Council for Science, Engineering and Technology. The committee advises the Office of Science and Technology Policy (OSTP), Executive Office of the President.