Bilateral Slips Research Articles

腎性骨異栄養症に伴う両大腿骨頭すべり症の一例

Bilateral slipping of the upper femoral epiphysis in a 15-year-old boy with renal osteodystrophy caused by a right polycystic, and left dysplastic Kidney, is reported. Biplane intertrochanteric osteotomy (Southwick) was carried out to both hips. The left hip developed non-union and was successfully treated with a bone graft. JOA (Japanese Orthopedic Association) hip score improved from 55 to 98 after surgery. Slipping of the upper femoral epiphysis associated with renal osteodystrophy has rarely been an indication for osteotomy because of the high surgical risk. However, Southwick' osteotomy can be done with less risk with the progress in management of renal dysfunction. We conclude that even in children with slipping of the upper femoral epiphysis accompanied by renal osteodystrophy, adequate reduction of the deformity can be achieved by osteotomy leading to improvement in the activity of the patient.

The influence of the lithospheric thickness on bilateral slip

SUMMARY A 2-D model of slip formation and dynamic propagation in an elastic lithospheric plate, coupled to the asthenosphere and having a fault plane, is investigated using a finite element method. Slip is nucleated at a weak portion of the fault plane and propagates bilaterally. At the edges, slip is assumed to develop according to a critical shear stress criterion combined with a slip weakening law. Except for the weak portion, the slip resistance is constant along the fault plane. The influence of resistive stresses from the asthenosphere at the bottom of the plate is taken into account. The results indicate that bilateral slip lengths are limited to about the lithospheric plate thickness or somewhat larger. Such lengths will only be reached for sufficiently high tectonic loading. After maximum slip length has been reached, the slipping region is split into two regions of unidirectional slip, moving in opposite directions. The results thus illustrate one mechanism which limits the maximum amount of slip during an earthquake even in the absence of strong barriers.

Hip Physiolysis: Bilaterality in 62 Cases Followed for 20 years

The frequency of bilateral physiolysis colli femoris was evaluated in 62 patients. At first admission, 5 patients had a bilateral slipping. Further, 9 patients had slipping diagnosed in the contralateral hip during adolescence 1-3 years after the primary operation. At the follow-up examination 22 years after the primary operation, radiographs showed bilateral sequelae of slipping in 30 of 62 patients. Of the nine slips diagnosed later during adolescence, one showed mild and two severe arthrosis. Among the 16 slips diagnosed at follow-up, mild arthrosis was found in four hips. We recommend bilateral pinning at first admission in all patients with a slipped capital femoral epiphysis.

Bilaterality in slipped upper femoral epiphysis.

The frequency of slipping and osteoarthritis of the contralateral hip was recorded in 260 patients with slipped upper femoral epiphysis between 1910 and 1960. Twenty-three of these patients (9%) had primary bilateral slipping, 32 (12%) had a contralateral slip diagnosed later during adolescence and a further 104 (40%) had signs of contralateral slipping at follow-up 16 to 66 years later, giving a total of 159 cases (61%) with bilateral slips. Of the 104 slippings diagnosed at follow-up, 25% showed osteoarthritis. It is concluded that, with a slipped epiphysis, prophylactic contralateral pinning should be performed to avoid slipping and to reduce the risk of osteoarthritis.

Slipped Capital Femoral Epiphysis in Southern Sweden

One hundred seventy-two patients with 204 slipped capital femoral epiphyses treated with nailing or pinning were evaluated an average of 28 years after surgery. Follow-up evaluation was obtained by questionnaire in 153 cases (181 hips) and by clinical and radiographic reexamination in 132 cases (157 hips). Segmental collapse was seen in four of 179 hips nailed/pinned in situ and in four of 25 hips operated after reduction. This was the only early complication associated with problems at reexamination. Arthrosis was twice as frequent after reduction (53%) than after fixation in situ (24%). The clinical and radiographic results were better than those from the same region after other methods of treatment. Nailing or pinning in situ is the method of choice when possible, regardless of the degree of slipping. Bilateral slipping was found in 67% of the hips; therefore, prophylactic pinning of the contralateral hip is indicated in cases with unilateral slipping.

Slipped capital femoral epiphysis in southern Sweden 1910-1982.

This work is based on 532 cases of physiolysis colli femoris (PCF) in southern Sweden from 1910 through 1982. The material was analyzed epidemiologically. Subsets were used for different investigations aimed at surveying the etiology of PCF, and long-term follow-ups were conducted after various methods of treatment. Finally, the short-term results after hook-pinning, a new device, were evaluated. After radiographic examination of anatomic specimens and normal hips, a method to diagnose and grade PCF was developed. The calcar femoral was found to be of constant shape and position and was used as a landmark to which the position of the femoral head was related. The advantage of this method is that it is easy to use and it is able to determine PCF also after growthplate closure. Epidemiologic analysis of the total material revealed large changes during the 20th century. The disease is more common in males than in females, but the male predominance has decreased from about 90 per cent to about 60 per cent during the period of investigation. Mean age at onset of slipping has decreased by about 3 years in males to 12.7 years and by about 1 year in females to 11.8 years. The incidence has followed a periodic pattern with peaks approximately every 20th year. The mean incidence was 6/10,000 in boys and 3/10,000 in girls. Boys living in the country have always been at higher risk than those living in cities. They were also at higher risk of sustaining bilateral slipping. In girls, there is a seasonal variation, with a higher incidence between May and August. The etiologic investigations dealt with hereditary, mechanical, and hormonal aspects. Radiographic examination revealed PCF in about 10 per cent of the first-degree relatives of 50 consecutive patients with PCF. One third of the families had 2 or more members with PCF. This familial accumulation is much higher than shown in earlier investigations based on questionnaires or clinical reports, and higher than expected from the incidence calculations. The growth analysis using the ICP model showed in both sexes an above average body height before puberty. However, at maturity the heights were almost normal, and accordingly the pubertal gain in height was lower than normal. Both the boys and the girls were markedly overweight before puberty and remained so at maturity. The ICP model accords with what is known about hormonal regulation of growth, and the growth abnormalities indicate a disturbed hormonal growth regulation.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS)

The association of femoral retroversion with slipped capital femoral epiphysis.

We examined twenty-five patients who had a unilateral or bilateral slip of the capital femoral epiphysis and determined the degree of anteversion of the thirty-nine involved hips with computerized axial tomography. Thirteen patients (eighteen hips) were seen at the time of the original diagnosis (Group I), and twelve patients (twenty-one hips) were seen one to seven years after operative treatment (Group II). The mean amount of anteversion for all of the involved hips was +1.0 +/- 8.2 degrees. The mean amount of anteversion for the Group-I hips was -0.7 +/- 7.4 degrees and the mean amount for the Group-II hips was 2.5 +/- 8.7 degrees. The mean amount of anteversion for the hips in both Groups I and II was less than the predicted mean amount for individuals of the same age. The mean amount of anteversion of the unaffected hips of our patients who had a unilateral slip was +6.3 +/- 8.2 degrees. The amount of internal rotation of the hip in extension exceeded the amount when it was in flexion in all of the patients. A decreased angle of femoral anteversion appears to be specifically associated with the development of slipped capital femoral epiphysis. The mechanical forces that act across the proximal femoral physis may be altered by this rotational abnormality, and this may lead to an increased shear stress that ultimately causes failure of the growth plate.

Slipped upper femoral epiphysis and primary juvenile hypothyroidism.

The pathogenesis of slipped upper femoral epiphysis is unknown but the condition has been linked with various endocrine disorders. Nine patients with slipped epiphyses in association with primary juvenile hypothyroidism are presented. In all patients, slipping occurred or symptoms developed in the affected hip before the hypothyroidism was diagnosed. A generalised pathology was suggested by the absence of trauma (8 patients), by bilateral slipping (6 patients), and by obesity and short stature in all patients. All cases had delayed skeletal maturation and characteristic metaphysial changes were seen on their radiographs. The clinical diagnosis of juvenile hypothyroidism can be difficult but it merits consideration in patients who have a slipped upper femoral epiphysis in association with short stature, obesity, delay in skeletal maturity, or any one of these.

Epidemiology of Slipped Capital Femoral Epiphysis in Southern Sweden

Five hundred thirty-two cases of slipped capital femoral epiphysis (physiolysis colli femoris--PCF) treated at three orthopedic departments in southern Sweden between 1910 and 1982 were used for epidemiologic studies. Three hundred twenty-five cases came from a well-defined area and were used for incidence analyses. During the whole period of investigation, the disease was more common in men than in women. The difference was more pronounced in the earlier years of the investigation and among patients living in the country compared with patients living in the city. The mean age at onset of slipping has decreased in men from 16.0 to 12.7 years and has decreased in women from 12.6 to 11.8 years since the beginning of the century. The left hip is affected more often than is the right, especially in men, but during the past decades there has been a tendency toward equalization. Bilateral slipping was evident in 25.4% of the men and in 17.7% of the women. Men living outside the city were at higher risk for bilateral involvement than were men living in the city. In women, the situation was the opposite. The incidence has followed a periodic pattern with peaks approximately every 20th year. The mean incidence (number of cases/10,000 living born) during the period of growth was 6.1 in men and 3.0 in women. The maximal risk is supposed to be 25.7 in men and 20.5 in women. Men living in the country have always been at higher risk compared with men living in the city. Since the fifties, the incidence in women has also been higher in those living in the country. In women, the incidence was significantly higher between May and August. No seasonal variations were seen in men.

Slipped capital femoral epiphysis: a retrospective review of the clinical and radiological results.

IN a retrospective study on 70 hips with slipping of the upper capital femoral epiphysis, the importance of early diagnosis and treatment is emphasised. A higher incidence of avascular necrosis developed in hips that were manipulated (8.4%) than in hips where the deformity was accepted and pinned in situ (3.4%). Avascular necrosis developed where there was a moderate or severe degree of displacement and acute and chronic type of slipping. It is suggested in this series that manipulation per se was not totally responsible for the development of avascular necrosis and that other factors like trauma and secondary operative procedures contribute to its development. Females were at a considerably higher risk of developing bilateral slipping. As a salvage procedure intertrochanteric osteotomy without removing a cuneiform wedge produced fair results although inevitably degenerative changes will develop later in life.

Bilateral slipping of the upper femoral epiphysis in end-stage renal failure: J. R. Nixon and J. F. Douglas. J Bone Joint Surg 62B:18–21, (February), 1980

Bilateral slipping of the upper femoral epiphysis in end-stage renal failure: J. R. Nixon and J. F. Douglas. J Bone Joint Surg 62B:18–21, (February), 1980

Slipped capital femoral epiphysis following radiotherapy and chemotherapy

There may be an increased frequency of slipped femoral epiphysis in pediatric patients who have received radiation to the pelvic area and combination chemotherapy. Previous reports include bilateral slipping of the epiphysis, eight years after radiation, in a patient with a pelvic neuroblastoma and the occurrence in a patient who had received radiation for Hodgkin disease, with a primary site in the pelvic region. No direct correlation was established in either case. This is a report of two patients who received pelvic radiation and combination chemotherapy who subsequently developed slipped femoral epiphysis. Our purpose is to heighten the suspicion in patients who have received radiation and chemotherapy for pelvic tumors. It is recommended that the femoral heads and acetabula be shielded when their inclusion in the treatment fields is not crucial to the treatment of the underlying disease.