Bilateral Comparison Research Articles

Comparison on Force Standard Machines between TÜBİTAK UME and SASO NMCC

Bilateral Comparison on dead weight Force Standard Machines using calibration of force proving instrument was carried out between National Metrology Institute of Turkey (TÜBİTAK UME) and National Measurement and Calibration Center at Saudi Standards, Metrology and Quality Organization of the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia (SASO NMCC). In this comparison, TÜBİTAK UME was pilot laboratory and supplied the travelling standard with force transducers. The bilateral comparison is performed by measuring force values taken from force standard machines located in TUBİTAK UME and SASO NMCC. Three different capacities force transducers were determined for this comparison in prepared technical protocol. The comparison was published BIMP database on GULFMET.M.F-S2 code. The comparison was used in project UME-KV-D3-2.10.6.b code. Each participant used their own measurement standards and applied the direct comparison transfer method at comparison. There is a good agreement between TÜBİTAK UME and SASO NMCC results.

Microforce measurements – a new instrument at METAS

METAS designed and developed a new instrument for calibrating microforce sensors in the range of 1 nN to 60 mN. The calibration is realised by means of electromagnetic force compensation of a balance and traceable to the SI unit of mass. The expanded measurement uncertainty (type B) of our measuring apparatus is 0.125 µN (absolute) and 2400 ppm (relative). Our measuring apparatus was verified in a bilateral comparison between METAS and PTB. The degrees of equivalence are in excellent agreement between the two institutes.

Luminance Changes Drive Directional Startle through a Thalamic Pathway

Looming visual stimuli result in escape responses that are conserved from insects to humans. Despite their importance for survival, the circuits mediating visual startle have only recently been explored in vertebrates. Here we show that the zebrafish thalamus is a luminance detector critical to visual escape. Thalamic projection neurons deliver dim-specific information to the optic tectum, and ablations of these projections disrupt normal tectal responses to looms. Without this information, larvae are less likely to escape from dark looming stimuli and lose the ability to escape away from the source of the loom. Remarkably, when paired with an isoluminant loom stimulus to the opposite eye, dimming is sufficient to increase startle probability and to reverse the direction of the escape so that it is toward the loom. We suggest that bilateral comparisons of luminance, relayed from the thalamus to the tectum, facilitate escape responses and are essential for their directionality.

Bilateral Comparison of Vertical Jump Landings and Step-off Landings From Equal Heights.

Harry, JR, Silvernail, JF, Mercer, JA, and Dufek, JS. Bilateral comparison of vertical jump landings and step-off landings from equal heights. J Strength Cond Res 32(7): 1937-1947, 2018-The purpose of this investigation was to examine kinetic, kinematic, and temporal parameters during vertical jump landings (VJL) and step-off landings (STL) from equal heights. Five men (25.0 ± 1.6 years; 1.7 ± 0.4 m; 79.7 ± 7.1 kg) and 5 women (20.8 ± 1.6 years; 1.6 ± 0.4 m; 68.5 ± 7.1 kg) performed 15 VJL and 15 STL. Paired-samples t-tests (α = 0.05) compared impact velocity and the times to the first (F1) and second (F2) peak vertical ground reaction force magnitudes (tF1 and tF2) and the end of impact. Two-way analyses of variance (α = 0.05) compared limb and task differences in F1, F2, hip, knee, and ankle joint angles at ground contact, F1, F2, and the end of impact, and hip, knee, and ankle joint displacements between contact and F1, F1 and F2, and F2 and the end of impact. Impact velocity was not different between STL and VJL, although STL produced a greater F1 and a more rapid tF2. Greater hip, knee, and ankle flexion/dorsiflexion occurred during STL throughout the majority of impact regardless of limb. Lesser hip, knee, and ankle joint displacements occurred during STL regardless of limb between F1 and F2, whereas greater joint displacement occurred between F2 and the end of impact. Lastly, knee joint angles at ground contact differed between limbs during STL only. Strength and conditioning professionals aiming to improve an athlete's performance during sport-specific jump landings should consider the likely impact attenuation outcomes before selecting STL or VJL in training.

Modification of Glasgow-Blatchford scoring with lactate in predicting the mortality of patients with upper gastrointestinal bleeding in emergency department

Background: Gastrointestinal bleeding is a commonly seen multidisciplinary clinical condition in emergency departments which has high treatment cost and mortality in company with hospital admission. Risk evaluation before endoscopy is based on clinical and laboratory findings at patient’s emergency visit. Objective: The purpose of this study is to investigate the efficacy of “Glasgow-Blatchford scale + lactate levels” to predict the mortality of patients detected with gastrointestinal bleeding in the emergency department. Methods: A total of 107 patients with preliminary diagnosis of upper gastrointestinal bleeding included in the study after approval of the ethics committee were prospectively evaluated. Glasgow-Blatchford scale scores were calculated and venous blood lactate levels were assessed. Need for blood transfusion in the follow-up, the amount of transfusion, and mortality in the next 6 months were evaluated. Results: A statistically significant difference was found in mortality rates between the lactate and Glasgow-Blatchford scale cohorts in our study (p = 0.001 and p < 0.01, respectively). The mortality rate was significantly higher in the lactate(+) GBS(+) cases compared to the lactate(–) GBS(+), lactate(+) GBS(–), and lactate(–) GBS(–) cases compared to the bilateral comparisons (p = 0.004, p = 0.001, p = 0.001, and p < 0.01, respectively). There was a statistically significant relationship between the rate of erythrocyte suspension replacement in the cases according to Glasgow-Blatchford scale levels (p = 0.001 and p < 0.01, respectively). The incidence of erythrocyte suspension replacement was 7.393 times greater in patients with Glasgow-Blatchford scale score of 12 and above. Conclusion: Glasgow-Blatchford scale is highly sensitive to the determination of mortality risk and the need for blood transfusion in upper gastrointestinal bleeding. Glasgow-Blatchford scale with lactate evaluation is more sensitive and more significant than Glasgow-Blatchford scale alone. This significance provides us to establish “modified Glasgow-Blatchford scale.” In the future, studies which will use Glasgow-Blatchford scale supported by lactate could be increased and the results should be supported more.

INFLUENCE OF ANTERIOR CRUCIATE LIGAMENT RECONSTRUCTION ON DYNAMIC POSTURAL CONTROL

Athletes that have had anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) reconstruction are at a greater risk for reinjury. The relationship between ACL reconstruction and the dynamic postural sway index (DPSI) has not yet been examined. The purpose of this study was to examine the DPSI in a surgically reconstructed ACL limb compared to the uninjured leg in athletes that had been cleared for sport. It was hypothesized that in a bilateral limb comparison, the leg that underwent ACL reconstruction would demonstrate poorer postural stability measures (greater DPSI) during a single leg landing activity as compared to the non-surgical limb. Case-control study. 14 subjects (7 male, 7 female; age range 16-23 years) with a history of unilateral ACL reconstruction and clearance for return to sport (mean 14 months post-operatively, range 8 to 24 months) performed five single leg hops over a 12 inch hurdle in the anterior direction from a distance corresponding with 40% of their height, onto a force platform. DPSI for the medial-lateral, anterior-posterior, vertical directions and a composite score were calculated for each trial on the surgical and non-surgical legs. A multivariate analysis with repeated measures was used to compare surgical and non-surgical legs for the total DPSI measure as well as for each component. Significant differences (p < .05) in dynamic postural stability were observed in the medial-lateral, anterior-posterior, vertical indices and DPSI total between the surgical and non-surgical limb. Deficits in dynamic postural control persist in ACL-reconstructed limbs compared to the non-surgical limb after the clearance for full activity. Clinicians should consider assessing single limb dynamic stability prior to releasing the athlete back to full activity. Level 3.

Bilateral comparison for determining the dynamic characteristic values of contact thermometers in fluids

Abstract. In applicable standards and sets of rules (VDI/VDE, 2014; DIN, 2010, 2017), recommendations are made concerning the types of experiments for determining the dynamic parameters in fluids (flowing water and flowing air) under well-defined conditions. In the data sheets of the thermometer manufacturers, quite different specifications can be found, such as time percentage values or time constants. Only a few thermometer manufacturers specify the medium and flow conditions under which these parameters have been determined. Above all, it is not common practice to indicate a measurement uncertainty for the dynamic parameters found. In Augustin et al. (2017), a first model for the indication of the measurement uncertainty of dynamic parameters in flowing air was presented. The present paper describes the results of a bilateral comparison made for the first time for determining dynamic parameters in the laboratories of the JUMO GmbH &amp;amp; Co. KG Fulda company and at the Institute of Process Measurement and Sensor Technology of the TU Ilmenau. In doing so, two type-N thermocouples with different diameters were investigated in experimental facilities with flowing water and flowing air. Subsequently, the dynamic parameters found were compared with each other. The differences revealed mainly resulted from plant-specific parameters.

Automated Chest X-Ray Screening: Can Lung Region Symmetry Help Detect Pulmonary Abnormalities?

Our primary motivator is the need for screening HIV+ populations in resource-constrained regions for exposure to Tuberculosis, using posteroanterior chest radiographs (CXRs). The proposed method is motivated by the observation that radiological examinations routinely conduct bilateral comparisons of the lung field. In addition, the abnormal CXRs tend to exhibit changes in the lung shape, size, and content (textures), and in overall, reflection symmetry between them. We analyze the lung region symmetry using multi-scale shape features, and edge plus texture features. Shape features exploit local and global representation of the lung regions, while edge and texture features take internal content, including spatial arrangements of the structures. For classification, we have performed voting-based combination of three different classifiers: Bayesian network, multilayer perception neural networks, and random forest. We have used three CXR benchmark collections made available by the U.S. National Library of Medicine and the National Institute of Tuberculosis and Respiratory Diseases, India, and have achieved a maximum abnormality detection accuracy (ACC) of 91.00% and area under the ROC curve (AUC) of 0.96. The proposed method outperforms the previously reported methods by more than 5% in ACC and 3% in AUC.

Trilateral interlaboratory with SSL (WLEDi) luminaire

The IEE/USP laboratory and two others, all belonging to RBLE (Brazilian Network of Test Laboratories) participated in a trilateral comparison performed from measurement independently of participants interaction. The results from electric and photometric measurements carried out on samples of Solid State Lighting - SSL, Inorganic White Light Emitting Diode (WLEDi) luminaires by three accredited laboratories were considered in order to point out mutual deviations and to verify the confidence in a bilateral comparison. The first analysis revealed a maximum deviation of 4.2 % between the luminous intensity attributed by one laboratory and the arithmetic mean value from three laboratories. The largest standard uncertainty value of 1.9 % was estimated for Total Harmonic Distortion of electric current THDi and the lowest value, 0.4 %, to the luminous flux. The extreme deviation for one parameter results was 7.2 % at maximum luminous intensity and the lowest was 1.7 % for luminous flux.

ISOKINETIC ASSESSMENT OF MUSCULAR STRENGTH AND BALANCE IN BRAZILIAN ELITE FUTSAL PLAYERS

Strength asymmetries are related to knee injuries in intermittent sports players. The purpose of this study was to examine whether elite futsal players demonstrate strength asymmetries during knee isokinetic testing applying the Croisier et al.21 criteria. Forty male elite (27.9 ± 6.5 years) Brazilian futsal players participated in the study. The testing protocol required players to perform concentric contractions of both quadriceps and hamstring muscles at angular velocities of 60 °·s-1 and 240 °·s-1 and eccentric contractions of hamstring at 30 °·s-1 and 120 °·s-1. Conventional (concentric:concentric) and mixed (eccentric:concentric) hamstrings/quadriceps (H/Q) ratios were calculated. Subjects were determined to have an imbalanced strength profile if an athlete had at least two parameters that were asymmetrical across speeds and conditions. Asymmetry was operationally defined as peak torque asymmetry greater than 15% in bilateral comparison, and H/Q ratio less than 0.47 for conventional and 0.80 for mixed conditions. Significant differences were observed between preferred and nonpreferred limbs in the concentric contractions of flexors at 240 °·s-1 and eccentric contractions of extensors and flexors at 30 °·s-1 and 120 °·s-1. However, these asymmetries did not exceed 15%. The conventional and mixed H/Q ratios were greater in the preferred than in nonpreferred limbs, but only the mixed hamstringsecc/quadricepsconc in the nonpreferred limbs showed values lower than recommended (<0.80). In addition, 50% of elite futsal players had preseason strength imbalances per the developed criteria. The studied elite futsal players had preseason strength imbalances, which may increase the risk of hamstring injuries. 3.

Spatial Receptive Fields for Odor Localization

Animals rely on olfaction to navigate through complex olfactory landscapes, but the mechanisms that allow an animal to encode the spatial structure of an odorous environment remain unclear. To acquire information about the spatial distribution of an odorant, animals may rely on bilateral olfactory organs and compare side differences of odor intensity and timing [1-6] or may perform spatial and temporal signal integration of subsequent samplings [7]. The American cockroach can efficiently locate a source of sex pheromone even after the removal of one antenna, suggesting that bilateral comparison is not a prerequisite for odor localization in this species [8, 9]. Cognate olfactory sensory neurons (OSNs) originating from different locations on the flagellum, but bearing the same olfactory receptor, converge onto the same glomerulus within the antennal lobe, which is thought to result in a loss of spatial information. Here, we identified 12 types ofpheromone-responsive projection neurons (PNs), each with spatially tuned receptive field. The combination of (1) the antennotopic organization of OSNs terminals and (2) the stereotyped compartmentalization of PNs' dendritic arborization within the macroglomerulus (MG), allows encoding the spatial position of the pheromone. Furthermore, each PN type innervates adifferent compartment of the mushroom body, providing the means for encoding spatial olfactory information along the olfactory circuit. Finally, MG PNs exhibit both excitatory and inhibitory spatial receptive fields and modulate their responses based on changes in stimulus geometry. In conclusion, we propose a mechanism for encoding information on the spatial distribution of a pheromone, expanding both our understanding of odor coding and of the strategies insects adopt to localize a sexual mate.

Angle comparison using an autocollimator

Results of a bilateral key comparison between PTB and METAS on the calibration of an autocollimator are reported. Due to a technical problem, METAS had to withdraw measurement results from the preceding key comparison EURAMET.L-K3.2009, therefore a bilateral follow-up comparison based the same protocol using the same type of instrument was carried out. PTB provided the autocollimator, made stability measurements, collected the results and made a first analysis. METAS drafted the technical protocol, analysed the results and wrote the report. PTB provides the link to the preceding comparison. In this regard PTB's results are considered as reference results, in particular since it declares considerably smaller uncertainties than METAS and its results were consistent with the key comparison reference values of EURAMET.LK3.2009. The measurements included the range of ±1000" in steps of 10" and ±10" in steps of 0.1". The results for the smaller range were entirely satisfactory, the results of the larger range were mostly satisfactory but showed some not yet explained instabilities of the METAS measurements.KEY WORDS FOR SEARCHAngle calibration, autocollimatorMain textTo reach the main text of this paper, click on Final Report. Note that this text is that which appears in Appendix B of the BIPM key comparison database kcdb.bipm.org/.The final report has been peer-reviewed and approved for publication by the CCL, according to the provisions of the CIPM Mutual Recognition Arrangement (CIPM MRA).

Bilateral supplementary comparison of cryogenic radiometers SIM.PR-S3

NIST (USA) and INMETRO (Brazil) performed a bilateral supplementary comparison of cryogenic radiometers. The subject of this comparison is to give metrological equivalence to the measurement of optical power performed at Inmetro, using the reference value of this quantity derived from CCPR–S3 comparison. Each NMI provided two detectors - silicon-based 3-photodiode, reflectance trap detectors - for this bilateral comparison. Those detectors were measured at nominal wavelengths of 457.9 nm and 514.5 nm of Ar+; 632.8 nm of HeNe by each laboratory. The results for both institutes agree under the normalized error criterion. The results of this comparison also show agreement with a combined standard uncertainty of 6.1 parts per 104 and the differences to the CCPR-S3 reference value were -1.7 and -6.1 parts in 104.KEY WORDS FOR SEARCHCryogenic radiometers, Supplementary ComparisonMain textTo reach the main text of this paper, click on Final Report. Note that this text is that which appears in Appendix B of the BIPM key comparison database kcdb.bipm.org/.The final report has been peer-reviewed and approved for publication by the CCPR, according to the provisions of the CIPM Mutual Recognition Arrangement (CIPM MRA).

AC Power at Power Frequencies: Bilateral comparison between SASO NMCC and TÜBİTAK UME

A supplementary bilateral comparison measurement on AC Power at 50/60 Hz between SASO NMCC (GULFMET) and TÜBİTAK UME (EURAMET) was performed with the primary power standards of each partner. Measurement methods and setups which are very similar of the participants, measurement results, calculation of differences in the results, evaluation of uncertainties are given within this report.Main textTo reach the main text of this paper, click on Final Report. Note that this text is that which appears in Appendix B of the BIPM key comparison database kcdb.bipm.org/.The final report has been peer-reviewed and approved for publication by the CCEM, according to the provisions of the CIPM Mutual Recognition Arrangement (CIPM MRA).

Final report on comparison of hydraulic pressure balance effective area determination in the range up to 80 MPa

Bilateral comparison was organized between the laboratory for process measurement of the Croatian Metrology Institute (HMI/FSB-LPM) and the pressure laboratory of the Directorate of Measures and Precious Metals of the Republic of Serbia (DMDM). Laboratory for process measurement of HMI acted as the pilot laboratory. The aim of the comparison was to evaluate the degree of equivalence in the determination of effective area and elastic distortion coefficient, considering respective uncertainties of the two laboratories. Measurements were done on the pressure balance in gauge mode, with oil as transmitting medium, in the gauge pressure range 10–80 MPa. The results of the comparison successfully demonstrated that the hydraulic gauge pressure standards are equivalent within their claimed uncertainties.Main textTo reach the main text of this paper, click on Final Report. Note that this text is that which appears in Appendix B of the BIPM key comparison database kcdb.bipm.org/.The final report has been peer-reviewed and approved for publication by the CCM, according to the provisions of the CIPM Mutual Recognition Arrangement (CIPM MRA).

On the Profitability of Trade Deflection and the Need for Rules of Origin

When two countries conclude a free trade agreement (FTA), they define rules of origin (RoOs) to determine whether a product is eligible for preferential treatment. RoOs exist to avoid that exports from third countries enter the FTA through the member with the lowest tariff (trade deflection). However, RoOs distort exporters’ sourcing decisions and burden them with red tape. Using a global data set, we show that, for 86% of global trade and 78% of bilateral product-level comparisons, trade deflection is not profitable because external tariffs are rather similar and transportation costs are non-negligible; in the presence of a deep FTA, deflection is significantly less profitable still. We find evidence for both ex post adjustment of external tariffs and ex ante selection effects. The pervasive and unconditional use of RoOs is, therefore, hard to rationalize.

Bilateral comparison of 1 V and 10 V standards between the NMISA (South Africa) and the BIPM April to June 2017 (part of the ongoing BIPM key comparison BIPM.EM-K11.a and b)

As part of the ongoing BIPM key comparison BIPM.EM-K11.a and b, a comparison of the 1.018 V and 10 V voltage reference standards of the BIPM and the National Metrology Institute of South Africa, NMISA (South Africa), was carried out from April to June 2017. Two BIPM Zener diode-based travelling standards (Fluke 732B), BIPM_A (ZA) and BIPM_B (ZB), were transported by freight to NMISA and back to BIPM. In order to keep the Zeners powered during their transportation phase, a voltage stabilizer developed by BIPM was connected in parallel to the internal battery. It consists of a set of two batteries, electrically protected from surcharge-discharge, easy to recharge and is designed to power two transfer standards for ten consecutive days. At NMISA, the reference standard for DC voltage is a Josephson Voltage Standard. The output EMF (Electromotive Force) of each travelling standard was measured by direct comparison with the primary standard.At the BIPM, the travelling standards were calibrated, before and after the measurements at NMISA, with the Josephson Voltage Standard. Results of all measurements were corrected for the dependence of the output voltages of the Zener standards on internal temperature and atmospheric pressure.The final result of the comparison is presented as the difference between the values assigned to DC voltage standards by NMISA, at the level of 1.018 V and 10 V, at NMISA, U NMISA, and those assigned by the BIPM, at the BIPM, U BIPM, at the reference dates of the 19th and 18th of May 2017, respectively. U NMISA − U BIPM = + 0.07 μV; u c = 0.02 μV, at 1.018 V U NMISA − U BIPM = + 0.001 μV; u c = 0.34 μV, at 10 Vwhere u c is the combined standard uncertainty associated with the measured difference, including the uncertainty of the representation of the volt at the BIPM and at NMISA, based on K J-90, and the uncertainty related to the comparison.Main textTo reach the main text of this paper, click on Final Report. Note that this text is that which appears in Appendix B of the BIPM key comparison database kcdb.bipm.org/.The final report has been peer-reviewed and approved for publication by the CCEM, according to the provisions of the CIPM Mutual Recognition Arrangement (CIPM MRA).

Bilateral comparison of 1 Ω and 10 kΩ standards (ongoing BIPM key comparisons BIPM.EM-K13.a and 13.b) between the NMISA (South Africa) and the BIPM

This report gives the result of a bilateral comparison of resistance between the NMISA (South Africa) and the BIPM carried out in 2017. Two 1 Ω and two 10 kΩ travelling standards belonging to the BIPM were used. The comparison was carried out with an 'A-B-A' pattern of measurements; the standards were measured first at the BIPM for a period of about one month, then for a period of about two months at the NMISA, and finally again at the BIPM. The measurand was the 4 terminal dc resistance at low power. The BIPM was the pilot laboratory, and the comparison forms part of the ongoing BIPM key comparisons BIPM.EM-K13.a (for 1 Ω) and BIPM.EM-K13b (for 10 kΩ).The results from the NMISA and the BIPM were found to be in good agreement, with a difference 1.02 time larger for 1 Ω and smaller than the relative expanded uncertainties (95% confidence, k = 2) for 10 kΩ. Differences are 0.12 × 10-6 for 1 Ω and 0.60 × 10-6 for 10 kΩ.KEY WORDS FOR SEARCHResistance; ohm; NMISA; South Africa; BIPM; CIPM MRA; comparison; electricityMain textTo reach the main text of this paper, click on Final Report. Note that this text is that which appears in Appendix B of the BIPM key comparison database kcdb.bipm.org/.The final report has been peer-reviewed and approved for publication by the CCEM, according to the provisions of the CIPM Mutual Recognition Arrangement (CIPM MRA).

Bilateralne razlike papilarnih linija kod desnorukih i levorukih osoba

The aim of the present research work is to study the bilateral differences in the frequency of pattern types of homologous fingers in left-handed and right-handed individuals of both sexes. The sample comprised 379 healthy people, of Bulgarian ethnicity, aged 17-58 years. In the female group, there were 219 right-handers and 53 left-handers, while in males - 66 right-handers and 41 left-handers. Fingerprints were taken by the typographic method, in a rotating manner. Papillary patterns were classified into four main types. The data were statistically analyzed. The results showed significant bilateral differences in women (lefthanded and right-handed) in the frequency of ulnar loops of the third finger. In men righthanders, there were significant differences in the frequency of circular patterns of the first and fourth fingers. There were not any differences found in the bilateral comparison of the frequencies of pattern types in the left-handed men.

Bilateral comparisons of air kerma and absorbed dose to water standards in 60Co radiation beams for radiotherapy and air kerma standards in 137Cs radiation beams for radiation protection between BEV (Austria) and VINS (Serbia) [EURAMET.RI(I)-K1.2, K4.2 and K5.1)

A bilateral comparison of standards for absorbed dose to water and air kerma of the Bundesamt für Eich- und Vermessungswesen (BEV), Austria, and of the Vinca Institute of Nuclear Sciences (VINS), Serbia, has been carried out. It was performed for air kerma and for absorbed dose to water in 60Co radiation beams and for air kerma in 137Cs radiation beams.Transfer standards for air kerma and absorbed dose to water were exchanged by the participants. The participants determined the calibration coefficients of the transfer standards through comparison with their national standards in their respective 60Co and 137Cs beams.The ratios of the calibration coefficients for the BEV and VINS transfer standards were calculated. The results were 0.9990 for absorbed dose to water in a 60Co beam at therapy level, 1.0004 for air kerma in a 60Co beam at therapy level, and 0.9926 for air kerma in a 137Cs beam at radiation protection level.A connection to the key comparison data base (KCDB) is given as the results are linked to the key comparisons between the BEV and the Bureau International des Poids et Mesures (BIPM) in 2009. Detailed uncertainty budgets and graphical presentations are also included.The project has been registered in the BIPM key Comparison Data Base (KCDB) as three different comparisons:– EURAMET.RI(I)-K1.2: Air Kerma measured in 60Co radiation beams– EURAMET.RI(I)-K4.2: Absorbed Dose to Water measured in 60Co radiation beams– EURAMET.RI(I)-K5.1: Air Kerma measured in 137Cs radiation beamsKEY WORDS FOR SEARCHDosimetry, comparison, air kerma, absorbed dose to water, Austria, Serbia, EURAMET, ionizing radiation, CIPM MRA, BIPM KCDBMain textTo reach the main text of this paper, click on Final Report. Note that this text is that which appears in Appendix B of the BIPM key comparison database kcdb.bipm.org/.The final report has been peer-reviewed and approved for publication by the CCRI, according to the provisions of the CIPM Mutual Recognition Arrangement (CIPM MRA).