Bikaner City Research Articles

Assessment of Environmental Attitude of Adolescent of Bikaner City

Environmental attitudes are important because they often, but not always, determine behavior that either increases or decreases environmental quality. Environmental education aims to improve environmental attitudes but has mixed results. Environmental attitudes might be better described as having preservation and utilization dimensions. The canvas of environmental education includes main integrated components awareness and conservation. Hence the present study was undertaken to assess the environmental attitude of adolescents studying in senior secondary schools of Bikaner city. The total sample for the present study was 120 randomly selected adolescents. Data was collected through the Standardized Environmental Attitude Scale developed. To assess the areas of environmental attitude of the selected respondents, frequency and percentage were computed. The major findings revealed that none of the boys and girls were found to have low level of attitude. It can be concluded that although the adolescents had awareness and favorable attitude about different areas of environmental attitude. It was not sufficient and there was a need for imparting quality knowledge to the adolescents through appropriate environmental education program.

Age Determination by Development of Third Molar Teeth with Rongengraphic Skeletal Relationship of Iliac Crest and Ischial Tuberosity in Bikaner City

The aging and identification of victim is either accident, or crime has acquired new substance during the last few years with increasing resource to dental data. Details of eruptions and dentition, of extractions or prosthetic work and of artificial dentures provide precise dental features which can reflect as sound a basis for identifying a dead body as the more traditional finger prints. The history of predevelopment time of radiology indicates that scientist used to estimate age by means of macerating bones, to go for naked eye examination for determination of time of appearance or time of fusion of bony centres, which has a limit for getting a statistical data's and these methods are applicable only dead persons or autopsy specimens This study is attempt to highlight the age determined by development of third molar teeth with skeletal relationship of iliac crest & ischial tuberosity in pelvic region by x-rays in Bikaner city.

“Studyof FVC, FEV1&FEV1/FVCin pregnant women residing near polluted areas of western Rajasthan, India”-a longitudinal study”

Objective: To study the lung functions of pregnant women in polluted areas of Bikaner city of western Rajasthan. Material & Methods: Study was conducted on 100 normal pregnant women in the age group of 20-35 years of all gravid. Out of 100 pregnant woman fifty were selected from high polluted areas as study group & fifty were from less polluted area as control group. The women were studied with repeated measures of lung function using spirometry at a gestational age of 4–12, 13–24 and 25–40 week. Pulmonary function test were conducted with the help of computerized spirometer (RMS-Helios 401 Transducer no 400-666) in sitting posture, during three different trimesters in same subject. Results: On comparison of data using ONE WAY ANOVA test revealed that FVC, FEV1 and FEV1/FVC were statistically significantly decrease during three trimesters more in subject living in polluted area. Conclusion: There is statistically significant reduction in lung functions during pregnancy in polluted areas. Keywords: Longitudinal study, Air pollution, Spirometry, Lung functions during pregnancy

Prevalence and Age Grading of Culicoides spp. (Diptera: Ceratopogonidae), Potent Vectors of Bluetongue Disease of Farm Animals in Bikaner, Rajasthan

The biting midges belonging to the genus Culicoides are of great concern worldwide because of their medico-veterinary importance and potential vectors of several diseases including the bluetongue disease among cattle and sheep population. Presently 71 species and 21 bluetongue virus (BTV) serotypes prevailing in India and of which serotype 1 is reported from Rajasthan. The U.V. light traps were operated in farms (cattle and sheep) in Bikaner city, to assess the prevalence of Culicoides sp. during post monsoon months October and November for consecutive 2 years (2011 and 2012) respectively. The light trap catch data revealed the occurrence of two potent BTV vector species viz., Culicoides imicola Kieffer and Culicoides oxystoma Kieffer. C. oxystoma predominantly occurred within the vicinity of cattle while C. imicola was chiefly associated with that of sheep. Age grading of the species revealed significant proportion of parous females which may play an important role in transmission of BT disease.

Intervention Trials with Pearl Millet Based Iron Rich Ladoo and Iron Folic Acid (IFA) Tablets on Hemoglobin Status of Adolescent Females in Bikaner City

Anemia in adolescent girls has far reaching implications, as they may grow anemic with probable complications during pregnancy and child birth. Several investigators have reported rise in mortality...

Intervention Trials with Pearl Millet Based Iron Rich Ladoo and Iron Folic Acid (IFA) Tablets on Hemoglobin Status of Adolescent Females in Bikaner City

Anemia in adolescent girls has far reaching implications, as they may grow anemic with probable complications during pregnancy and child birth. Several investigators have reported rise in mortality...

Multilocus microsatellite typing reveals a genetic relationship but, also, genetic differences between Indian strains of Leishmania tropica causing cutaneous leishmaniasis and those causing visceral leishmaniasis.

BackgroundLeishmaniases are divided into cutaneous (CL) and visceral leishmaniasis (VL). In the Old World, CL is caused by Leishmania (L.) major, L. tropica and L. aethiopica. L. tropica can also visceralize and cause VL. In India, the large epidemics of VL are caused by L. donovani and cases of CL are caused by L. major and L. tropica. However, strains of L. tropica have also been isolated from Indian cases of VL.This study was done to see if Indian strains of L. tropica isolated from human cases of CL are genetically identical to or different from Indian strains of L. tropica isolated from human cases of VL and to see if any genetic differences found correlated with clinical outcome presenting as either CL or VL.MethodsMultilocus microsatellite typing (MLMT), employing 12 independent genetic markers specific to L. tropica, was used to characterize and identify eight strains of L. tropica isolated from human cases of CL examined in clinics in Bikaner City, Rajasthan State, north-west India. Their microsatellite profiles were compared to those of 156 previously typed strains of L. tropica from various geographical locations that were isolated from human cases of CL and VL, hyraxes and sand fly vectors.ResultsBayesian, distance-based and factorial correspondence analyses revealed two confirmed populations: India/Asia and Israel/Palestine that subdivided, respectively, into two and three subpopulations. A third population, Africa/Galilee, as proposed by Bayesian analysis was not supported by the other applied methods. The strains of L. tropica from Bikaner isolated from human cases of CL fell into one of the subpopulations in the population India/Asia together with strains from other Asian foci. Indian strains isolated from human cases of VL fell into the same sub-population but were not genetically identical to the Bikaner strains of L. tropica.ConclusionsIt seems that the genetic diversity encountered between the two groups of Indian strains is mainly owing to their geographical origins rather than their different times of isolation. Also, the genetic differences seen between the dermatotropic and viscerotropic strains might be connected with the difference in pathogenicity.

Knowledge Management: A key for Achieving Sustainability in the Organizations with Special Reference to the Bikaner City

Knowledge Management: A key for Achieving Sustainability in the Organizations with Special Reference to the Bikaner City

Use of Industrial Waste Water for Agricultural Purpose: Pb and Cd in Vegetables in Bikaner City, India

Shortage of irrigation water resources is leading to the use of domestic and industrial waste water in agriculture especially. In urban areas. Being contaminated by metals and various toxic chemicals these waste waters leads to the exposure of heavy metals and hazardous chemicals and the subsequent human health hazards through agriculture products and live stocks. Increasing cases of cancer and kidney problems is also related with this aspect. In present study human health risk assessment taken in concern with the respect of some heavy metals of toxicological interest.

Distribution of coliform bacteria in waste water

Biological activity of water can be apparently judged by the colonization of bacteria (microbes). In order to find out the extent of pollution and the relationship between inorganic matters and microbiota, a quantitative and qualitative analysis of bacteria in various types of sewage waters, namely sewage water by the residential colonies (group I), industrial waste water (group II), sewage treatment hub (group III), unorganized collected waste water (group IV) and old residential waste collection center (group V), of Bikaner city (Rajasthan, India) was carried out from February, 2010 to May, 2010. Water samples were taken from surface only owing to low depth and investigated for various abiotic factors (viz. transparency, pH, carbonate, bicarbonate, total alkalinity, total hardness, salinity, chloride, calcium, magnesium, sulphate, nitrate, silica, and inorganic phosphorous) and biotic factors (viz. number and diversity of bacteria). The domestic sewage water causes major water borne diseases basing upon Total Bacterial Count (TBC) and coliform Count (CC). The coliform count in the present study ranged from 2.5 to 5.12 MPN/mL. Comparision of microbial population in sewage water from all different Groups was done and the higher values of TBC and CC were recorded only in Sewage treatement hub (Group III).

A Case Control Study on Specific Learning Disorders in School Going Children in Bikaner City

To asses the prevalence of learning disorders in school going children and to compare the socio-demographic variables and other related factors with learning disorder. All the 500 students of class III to V with all sections were given the dyslexia assessment questionnaire (DAQ) to fill; 468 students returned the completed forms.Statistical analysis was done using chi-square test. Only 68 children scored ≥ 4 on DAQ were given MISIC (Mallin's intelligence scale for Indian children) for IQ assessment and DST-J for dyslexia screening. Forty-eight students were labeled as dyslexia and further diagnosis was confirmed by DSM IV- TR classification. Prevalence of learning disorders (LD) was found to be 10.25% with higher in males than females (11.40% vs. 7.14%).The delivery complications (20.83% vs. 4.17%; X 2-4.667, p value-0.031) were more in LD and more family members were left handed (16.67% vs. 2.08%; X 2-4.41, p value-0.036) as compared to control group. In classroom behavior, children with LD asked questions less (10.42% vs. 75%; X 2-40.91, p value-0.0001), answered questions less frequently (6.25% vs. 79.16%; X 2-52.15, p value-0.0001) and took notes less attentively than control group (4.17% vs. 58.33%; X 2-32.77, p value-0.0001). The current study, therefore, is an attempt to identify children with learning disorders and explore the prevalence of the problem and etiological factors e.g., family environment, social factors and developmental issues of child and associated co-morbidities. More studies with larger sample size should be undertaken to get accurate picture of these disorders.There is also need for some community based programme to raise the level of awareness and knowledge about these disorders in general population.

High Prevalence of Rheumatic Heart Disease Detected by Echocardiography in School Children

It is fairly easy to detect advanced valve lesions of established rheumatic heart disease by echocardiography in the clinically identified cases of rheumatic heart disease. However, to diagnose a subclinical case of rheumatic heart disease, no uniform set of echocardiographic criteria exist. Moderate thickening of valve leaflets is considered an indicator of established rheumatic heart disease. World Health Organization criteria for diagnosing probable rheumatic heart disease are more sensitive and are based on the detection of significant regurgitation of mitral and/or aortic valves by color Doppler. We attempted diagnosing RHD in school children in Bikaner city by cardiac ultrasound. The stratified cluster sampling technique was employed to identify 31 random clusters in the coeducational schools of Bikaner city. We selected 1059 school children aged 6-15 years from these schools. An experienced operator did careful cardiac auscultation and echocardiographic study. A second expert confirmed the echocardiographic findings. The prevalence of lesions suggestive of rheumatic heart disease by echocardiography was 51 per 1,000 (denominator = 1059; 95% CI: 38-64 per 1,000). We were able to clinically diagnose RHD in one child. None of these children or their parents having echocardiographic evidence of RHD could provide a positive history of acute rheumatic fever. By echocardiographic screening, we found a high prevalence of rheumatic heart disease in the surveyed population. Clinical auscultation had much lower diagnostic efficacy.

Assessment of physico-chemical parameters of underground and sewage water of Bikaner city

In India, the industrial growth is taking place at a very fast rate, but these industries pour their effluent unplannedly into water, which detorts its quality. This water when used for purposes like irrigation brings a lot of hazards, which becomes severe in certain conditions. The vallabh garden area is one of the biggest vegetable producing area in Bikaner city and it uses industrial effluent of cottage industries for irrigation. Various physiological disorders are present in plants/crops growing here, which might be due to the use of waste water. For analyzing quality of water (Physical & chemical) ten samples were collected from the field, which also have tube well and hand pump water samples. Physico-chemical parameters which include PH, Na+, K+, Cl-, SO 4 2-, NO 3 -, F-, SAR, Total hardness, HCO 3 -, Ec, TDS were analyzed. The results show that the water samples have parameters excess in range than permissible value.

Study of manganese in the irrigation water of Chopra Bari area of Bikaner city (Rajasthan)

Chopra Bari area of Bikaner city uses industrial effluent of dyeing and printing units for irrigation purpose. This water is highly contaminated with heavy metals. Heavy metals ditorts the quality of water and makes it unfit for drinking and irrigation purpose, and brings various physiological disorders in plants/crops. Various samples of these units are taken for analyze of heavy metal (Mn) and it was observed that all the samples show very low range of Manganese ranging from (0.01 to 0.14 PPM)

A semi-ring porous fossil wood of Ziziphus from the Late Tertiary of Rajasthan

A fossil wood of Ziziphus Mill. showing semi-ring porosity has been reported from the outskirts of Bikaner city, Rajasthan. It belongs to the Mar Formation, age of which most probably is Pliocene. Although fossil leaves and fruits of Ziziphus are known, there is no authentic record of its fossil wood so far. Thus the present report forms the first definite record of a fossil wood of Ziziphus. The fossil has provided evidence that ring-porosity is not a modern phenomenon in ziziphus, but most probably it is a genetically controlled character and not the result of adaptation to any cooler climate as has been envisaged the cause of ring porousness in woods by some workers.

Aerial photo-interpretation techniques for appraisal of house density tested on Bikaner city, India

In this paper house density has been calculated on medium scale photographs and efforts have been made to recognize the physical characteristics of houses on aerial photographs for the purpose of house density mapping. Although the aerial photographs reveal wealth of information regarding the houses, only the residential plots as house units have been taken into account for the present study.

Nutritional status of urban and rural preschool children in Western Rajasthan (in and around Bikaner City). II. Clinical study.

A clinical study of 1235 preshoo! children from rural and urban areas of Western Rajasthan showed the presence of R.C.M. in 11 52% of cases, night blindness in 2.9%. Bitot's spots in 2.2% and corneal and conjunctival xerosis in 1.13% and 1.29% of cases. The incidence of clinical rickets was noted in 3.6% of cases. Small pox immunization was noted in 93.3%, B.C.G. immunization in 62.1% of rural and 56.1% of urban children. D.P.T. and polio was given to 28.9% of rural and 56.8% of urban children.

Nutritional status of urban and rural preschool children in Western Rajasthan (in and around Bikaner City): I--Anthropometric study.

The present anthropometric sudy conducted in West Rajasthan (in and around Bikaner clty) on 1235 preschool children gives the data for this part of Rajasthan. Not much difference was observed between rural and urban children and females had lower values as compared to males.