Biggest Field Research Articles

Solving Elliptic Curve Discrete Logarithm Problem on Twisted Edwards Curves Using Quantum Annealing and Index Calculus Method

Abstract This paper presents an approach to solving the elliptic curve discrete logarithm problem on alternative curve models over prime fields using a quantum annealing and index calculus method. Part of the algorithm, relation searching, is transformed into the Quadratic Unconstrained Boolean Optimization (QUBO) problem and then is efficiently solved using the D-Wave computer by quantum annealing. As Faugère et al. showed, twisted Edwards curves, because of their symmetric shape, allow us to obtain solutions of relations searching step using Groebner basis faster than in the case of Weierstrass curves. Because of symmetries, a system of equations of relations searching step for twisted Edwards curves has many symmetric solutions. Using the Groebner basis and having many system solutions makes it easier to find any of them. The same is true using quantum annealing - it is easier to find any solution to the QUBO problem if many are correct. In this paper, we used this observation to find out that a properly constructed QUBO problem for the relations searching step for twisted Edwards curves allows us to find a solution faster for the same size of the base field than in the case of Weierstrass curves. Using the presented approach, we solved the discrete logarithm problem using quantum annealing and index calculus method for elliptic curve discrete logarithm problem defined on twisted Edwards curve over a field 𝔽1021 with order equal to 4 · 241. It is now the biggest field and size of the group, where the elliptic curve discrete logarithm problem was solved using quantum methods.

Dosimetric Characterization of Small Radiotherapy Electron Beams Collimated by Circular Applicators with the New Microsilicon Detector

High-energy small electron beams, generated by linear accelerators, are used for radiotherapy of localized superficial tumours. The aim of the present study is to assess the dosimetric performance under small radiation therapy electron beams of the novel PTW microSilicon detector compared to other available dosimeters. Relative dose measurements of circular fields with 20, 30, 40, and 50 mm aperture diameters were performed for electron beams generated by an Elekta Synergy linac, with energy between 4 and 12 MeV. Percentage depth dose, transverse profiles, and output factors, normalized to the 10 × 10 cm2 reference field, were measured. All dosimetric data were collected in a PTW MP3 motorized water phantom, at SSD of 100 cm, by using the novel PTW microSilicon detector. The PTW diode E and the PTW microDiamond were also used in all beam apertures for benchmarking. Data for the biggest field size were also measured by the PTW Advanced Markus ionization chamber. Measurements performed by the microSilicon are in good agreement with the reference values for all the tubular applicators and beam energies within the stated uncertainties. This confirms the reliability of the microSilicon detector for relative dosimetry of small radiation therapy electron beams collimated by circular applicators.

Futsal in Field with Variable Dimensions

This study aims to verify how the variation of game area in futsal game alters the requirement for each athlete. It is an empirical study with transversal characteristics. The sample consisted of six young, male, aged between 16 and 26 years, with experience playing futsal. The independent variable was the square footage of the field per athlete. The dependent variables were the number of contacts with the ball, passing, dribbling/feints, shooting and ball stolen and the number of errors passing, dribbling/feints and shooting and total goals scored. Games were conducted with two teams in 3x3 format players with open goals. The goal was valid if they shots were after the half court. The procedures follow the criterion of game space simulation in accordance with the minimum and maximum of futsal rules in sizes from 80m2, 45m2 and 25m2 for each player dimensions. Whereas the 6 subjects, the games had spaces of 30mx16m, 24mx11m and 17.5mx8.5m respectively, totaling 480m2, 265m2 and 148.7m2. A team made more passes than other by possession. Game actions should always be relativised to have summed and actual results of what happened. The biggest field was no decrease in the shots errors. The percentage of time played was higher in the biggest field, which is more interesting for the fans and the press.

MOBILE PHONES ELECTROMAGNETIC FIELD RADIATION RESEARCH AND ANALYSIS OF ITS DISPERSION BY APPLYING MATLAB7 SOFTWARE

The propagation of electromagnetic radiation was investigated at different points, and the theory of covariance was applied to identify the main parameters by recording the max, mean and min values of density. The biggest electric field strength values are emitted by the second generation (2G) GSM mobile phones that operate in the frequency band of 900 MHz. The smaller electric field strength values are determined by the higher frequency (1800 MHz) used by mobile phones and smaller maximum power, the maximum of which reaches up to 1 W. Third generation (3G) UMTS smart phones that operate in the frequency band of 2100 MHz, emit smallest electric field strength values during the conversation. The values of digital arrays of measurement of the electromagnetic field energy flux density of interrelated covariance functions and digital arrays of individual covariance functions were identified. Data concerning interrelated covariances and auto-covariances of electromagnetic field energy flux density in a time scale are presented by means of the Matlab 7 software package.

1P1-F25 ロボカップ中型リーグにおける協調行動アルゴリズムに関する動向調査

RoboCup is an international joint project to promote Artificial Intelligence (AI), robotics, and related fields since 1996. RoboCup project has been held every year, and the performance of robot shows great advance. Especially, Soccer Middle Size League (MSL) uses big robots and the biggest field in the RoboCup projects, and audience can enjoy powerful games. During the 13 years RoboCup project, a lot of teams have advanced various researches for solving problems of multi-agent system. Our survey presents an overview of the cooperative algorithms used in MSL. We summarize about various approaches of multi agent system of different teams, and discuss what will become possible in near future and which kind of approach will be effective. We hope this survey will become food information for many researchers in robotics, and expect a lot of new teams will participate to the RoboCup.

The Modern Lyceum

LECTURING m the United States is, first of all, big business. As in any other field of business, prospective customers are being put in touch with prospective producers by agencies. Just as you go to a real estate agent if you want to buy a house, you call on a lecture agency if you want a speaker. There are a great number of agencies over the country, the biggest firms having field offices and field representatives strategically placed by regions. The annual turnover of a big lecture agency may run into millions of dollars and the fees for individual speakers may be in terms of a few hundred dollars or a few thousand. H. G. Wells, for instance, once received a fee of $5,ooo for a forty-minute talk, and the audience paid as much as $5 apiece, some of them just for the chance of standing in the aisle. The lecturer has to pay for his own folders and other publicity material; the agency charges a commission running from 25 per cent of the fee where the speaker pays his own travel expenses to 50 per cent or more where the agency takes care of all expenses. The fee a speaker cancommand depends not merely on his speaking ability or on his authority to deal with his subject; it depends even more on how well his (or her) name is known. One of my agencies, for instance, had on its list a physician who delivered popular lectures on medical subjects. He spoke fairly well, but since he had nothing else but an M.D. to his name, his fees were moderate. Then he wrote a book which for a time became a best seller; ever since that time he has received ten times the amount he used to get for exactly the same lectures. Lecture agencies, like any other business, sometimes arrange exhibits of the products they have to sell. Half a year ahead of the next season, they will rent a hotel room and invite all program committee chairmen of women's clubs, men's luncheon clubs, church groups, and other social