Big Storm Research Articles

Wrack N’ Roll: The Ecological Role of Beach Wrack

Beach wrack is the stinky weed that gets washed up on the beach after a big storm. This weed is made up of old marine plants such as seaweeds and seagrasses, and it gets washed up onto beaches all over the world. Although it can be ugly and smell like rotten eggs, it is very important for the health of our beaches. Lots of tiny animals make their homes in beach wrack, while others feed on it or use it as a hunting ground for their favorite snacks. This feeding frenzy produces nutrients through animal poop and bones, which get delivered back into the water and help to keep our oceans healthy. Coastal development and beach cleaning upset these natural processes and can impact the ecosystems that make our beaches so great.

Cyclone Intensity Estimation System using Satellite Images

Tropical cyclones are big storms that can cause a lot of damage. Cyclone intensity estimation plays a vital role in disaster preparedness, response, and mitigation strategies. This paper introduces a novel approach to estimating cyclone intensity using satellite images through a Convolutional Neural Network (CNN) model. Unlike previous methods, we employ advanced techniques such as histogram analysis for feature extraction and adaptive thresholding for image segmentation using mean, Gaussian, and Otsu methods. The model also predicts potential coverage distance. Additionally, we present a user-friendly visualization portal, a pioneering effort in this field, which displays the deep learning output along with contextual information for end-users

Mengungkap Nilai Kearifan Lokal di Balik Praktik Akuntansi Pendapatan

This research departs from problems regarding adopting and implementing modern accounting, which impacts the increasingly marginalized accounting based on local cultural values. This study aims to construct income accounting practices based on local cultural values. The paradigm used in this research is Islam, with an Islamic ethnomethodological approach. There are five data analysis stages: charity, knowledge, faith, revelation information, and courtesy. The study results show that the bendi drivers earn a higher income when a flood occurs. Even so, they still feel empathy for the disaster experienced by residents and hope that the disaster will not be repeated. The income accounting practice is conditional on the value of empathy. In Gorontalo's Islamic culture, the elders often advise this value through lumadu “momoli’a layahu to dutalaa da’a” which means turning sails in a big storm. The meaning is taking opportunities when times are tight; this is dishonorable. The implication of the results of this research is to produce an accounting concept for income by bendi coachmen that are conditional onlocal cultural values.

Impartiality and fair play revisited

Impartiality and fair play revisited

Retracted Article: Salvation of the Prophet Yunus (Alayhi As-Salam), Swallowed by the Big Fish: A Message for Today's Physicians

Yunus Ibn Matta (referred to Jonas and Jonah in English) lived during the reign of the second Jeroboam (793–753 Before Christ), one of the kings of Israel. He was a Messenger of Allah sent to Nineveh, a city in Northern Iraq with a population of over a hundred thousand. However, the Prophet Yunus (Alayhi As-Salam [AS]) did not want to warn the people of Nineveh, who were the enemies of the Israelites. He disobeyed the Divine command and boarded a ship from Yafa (Jaffa) to go to Tarshish. When a big storm broke out at sea, the weights on the ship were thrown into the sea. In an effort to understand who caused this disaster, lots were drawn among the passengers of the ship and the lottery was drawn to Yunus (AS). When Yunus (AS) was thrown into the sea, the storm subsided. By the order of Allah, a big fish swallowed him and Yunus (AS) remained in the stomach of the fish for three days and three nights. He prayed to Allah while he was in the stomach of the fish. Allah accepted his dua (supplication) and the fish vomited him onto the land.[1] Herein, we discussed Yunus's (AS) salvation from the stomach of the fish from the Islamic perspective to emphasize that the Quran also addresses today's people including physicians with Yunus's (AS) story.

Mount Everest's photogenic weather during the post‐monsoon

Mount Everest's photogenic weather during the post‐monsoon

Ekonomi Kreatif di Masa Adaptasi Kebiasaan Baru: Kajian Kreativitas dan Inovasi Pada UMKM Subsektor Kuliner

This study aims to reveal the creativity and innovation of SMEs in the culinary sub-sector in Makassar City, when viewed from the perspective of the creative economy in the new adaptation period. This study is a study with a quantitative descriptive approach with survey techniques. There are four aspects measured in this study, namely the adaptation of new habits, the creativity of the culinary sub-sector MSME actors, the innovation of the culinary sub-sector MSME actors, and the marketing strategy carried out by the culinary sub-sector MSME actors. The data collection instrument used a questionnaire. Sampling used a purposive sampling technique by setting specific criteria as a condition for determining the sample so that a sample of 30 SMEs in the culinary sub-sector was obtained. The findings of this study show that even though they have faced a big storm that has shaken their economy, the culinary sub-sector MSME actors still maintain their business existence in order to be able to survive during the COVID-19 pandemic. It is proven that the culinary sub-sector MSME actors have creativity and innovation by adapting to new habits through the use of technology in business management and marketing strategies, and complying with health protocols to local government regulations.

Electron Dropout Events and Flux Enhancements Associated With Geomagnetic Storms Observed by PROBA‐V/Energetic Particle Telescope From 2013 to 2019

AbstractElectron flux variations for E > 500 keV during geomagnetic storms are investigated using the Energetic Particle Telescope (EPT). This detector launched in May 2013 on board the satellite PROBA‐V at an altitude of 820 km was designed to provide uncontaminated spectra of electrons, protons, and alpha particles. Electron flux dropout events are observed during the main phase of each storm and even during substorms: a rapid reduction of the electron flux is noted throughout the outer electron radiation belt at all energies above about 0.5 MeV on timescales of a few hours. The electron spectrograms measured by the EPT between 2013 and 2019 show that after each geomagnetic storm, dropout events are followed by a flux enhancement starting first at low L values, and reaching the slot or even the inner belt for the strongest storms. We determine the link between Disturbed Storm Time (Dst) and the minimum value of the L‐shell where the dropouts deplete the outer belt, as well as the nonlinear relation between Dst and the minimum L‐shell where the flux penetrates in the slot region or even the inner belt during the storms. Dropouts appear at all energies measured by EPT and penetrate down to L∼3.5 for the strongest events. Dropouts are observed at Low Earth Orbit each time Dst has an inverted peak < −40 nT. Flux enhancements appear at lower L only for big storm events with Dst < −50 nT. They penetrate down to an impenetrable barrier with a minimum L‐shell related to Dst and to the energy. For E > 1 MeV, this limit is also linked to the plasmapause position.

Spectral analysis of sea surface elevations produced by big storms: The case of hurricane Wilma

Hurricane Wilma was the most extreme hydro-meteorological event ever to occur in the Caribbean Sea. During its occurrence, the sea surface elevation was recorded close to Puerto Morelos, Quintana Roo, Mexico. The equipment used which features both, acoustical and pressure sensors to measure the water depth, was deployed approximately at a depth of 20 m so it gathered invaluable information that helps understanding the nature of this cyclone and provided unique data related to the hurricane from which various different analyses can be performed. Wavelet and Hilbert Huang Transform (HHT) spectra are the frequency domain analysis techniques presented in this paper. Together with the well-known and elsewhere reported simultaneous appearance of Sea and Swell waves, several other sea surface oscillations were produced by the cyclone. These wave dynamics were found in the results of the wavelet and HHT analyses of the free sea surface elevations time series before, during and after the hurricane passed the observation point (a total of 13 days). The wavelet analysis showed the time evolution of the energy distribution over an important range of frequencies. Two main features can be highlighted: the large number of wave periods recorded when the eye of the cyclone was close to the measuring point and the occurrence of a very long wave, with a period of around 109 h containing great energy. In turn, the HHT analysis showed its robustness, being capable of detecting long oscillations within time series shorter than the oscillation itself.

Semiotics of Roland Barthes in Symbols Systems of Javanese Wedding Ceremony

This study is aimed to explain the interpretation of symbols systems in Javanese wedding ceremony. The symbol patterns can be categorized into leaves symbols, vegetable symbols, flowers symbols, food and drinks symbols, Javanese traditional instrumental music (gending-gending), and thread of marriage processions. The data of this study were collected by in-depth interview techniques, participant observation, and documentation. The data were analyzed with the Miles and Huberman interactive models. Data analysis reveals that substantial meanings of the symbols in Javanese wedding ceremony are of advice, prayers, descriptions, parables, and responsibilities. The first, an advice for a bridge/a bridegroom is to have a well foundation, always to love each other, to become a reassuring spouse, to be considerate and think clearly, to have tender heart, and to respect their parents. The second, prayers are delivered in order that the bride and bridegroom have abundant lawful or halal fortune or wealth, have good offsprings, keep away from life barriers. The third, description means that the bridge looks like a beautiful queen and a bridegroom is associated to a handsome and dashing king. The fourth, a parable of marriage is alike to wade the ocean with big waves and storms. The fifth, a responsibility is due to a husband to make a hay or earn money and a wife to manage it then they work together to obtain the goal of marriage. The connotative meaning is flourished to become a myth that marriage ceremony is equipped with standard of symbols that will build the happy and everlasting marriage.

Farm Business Income and Net Household Income of Farmer Households in Punjab-A Comparative Study

After showing a remarkable performance during the Green Revolution, the Punjab economy has entered into a new era of agrarian distress where farmers are seen struggling for their survival. A big mismatch between the costs and returns has made agriculture a highly unprofitable and unattractive profession for the majority. Falling rural consumption and suicides among farmers are just the tip of the iceberg while a big storm seems to lie underneath. The current situation in the state demandes serious rethinking for the revival of the economy. This article is based on a primary study conducted in wheat-cotton and wheat-paddy belts of Punjab. It attempts to calculate the farm business income (FBY) and net household income (NHY) of the farmers. The factors that would help us to explain the difference in the income realized by the farmers in these two regions have also been explored.

Utilization of Industrial Waste in Cement in a Marine Environment with a Tropical Climate

This novel study on cement paste material was conducted with the aim of keeping up with the rapid development of urban construction and contributing to the continuous improvement of building materials to overcome environmental issues. In this study, several kinds of industrial waste were used to enhance the properties of cement paste for application in a marine environment with a tropical climate, such as in Vietnam. This study focuses on evaluating the properties of cement paste containing cement replacement combining 0–30% fly ash, 0–10% silica fume, and plasticizer accounting for 0.3% and 0.4% of the binder by mass. Water demand, chloride ion and sulfate ion permeability, and microstructural properties of the cement paste were determined by thermogravimetric analysis (TGA), X-ray diffraction (XRD), and scanning electron microscope (SEM) and they were investigated after 28 and 56 days. The test results show that an optimum mixture could be obtained with the use of 20% fly ash, 10% silica fume (replacing Portland cement), and 0.4% plasticizer. The application of such materials to sea dikes affected by a tropical climate (characterized by heat, humidity, salty seawater, many big storms, large waves, and strong tides) was investigated for four years on the Vietnamese coast. The test results indicate that fly ash and silica fume can improve the corrosion and abrasion resistance of concrete in coastal areas with a tropical climate, such as in Vietnam.

Modeling the superstorm in the 24th solar cycle

The St. Patrick’s Day phenomenon is a geomagnetic storm that deserves serious discussion because of its intensity and effectiveness. This study focuses on the St. Patrick’s Day storm on March 17, 2015, which is the first big storm of the 24th solar cycle. The data obtained from various spacecrafts observing the ionosphere reveal the reputation and the strength of the storm. The author tries to discuss the event as a whole with all its parameters. Variables of the study are the solar wind parameters and zonal geomagnetic indices. Models with solar wind pressure, proton density and magnetic field may aid in making the dynamic structure of the phenomenon more understandable. The obtained models are able to give the reader an idea of the results even if the storm prediction percentage is low. The author has endeavored to obey the cause–effect relationship without ignoring the physical principles when establishing mathematical models. Despite the fact that the relations between variables have poor correlation or have low statistical significance, in order to introduce the physical point of view they have not been ignored. This study puts forth a new mathematical perspective by discussing and visualizing what happened in the phenomenon.s

Always on the Edge of the Next Big Storm, the Next Big Spill, Always Vulnerable: An Interview With Bayou Interfaith Shared Community Organizing.

In this interview, Sharon and David Gauthe of Bayou Interfaith Shared Community Organizing (Thibodaux, Louisiana) document their personal experiences with adverse health outcomes that seem connected with oil spill exposures and explain their community organizing model based on interfaith collaboration and informed by the methodology and practice values of social work. They also comment on their conceptual framework of the entire Gulf Coast as a regional environmental justice zone, for which they received a Guardian of the Gulf Award by the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency.

Coastal exposure assessment on Bonassola bay

This paper illustrates a novel coastal exposure assessment approach. The approach is based on the employment of the model chain WavewatchIII+XBeach, which is first used to draw a map showing the extent of the populated areas that are likely to be interested by flooding, and subsequently to establish the exposure of the area to specific events. The model chain is calibrated by comparing the simulated runup values of a storm with those obtained by processing on-field images recorded by a camera system. The approach herein presented allows to take into account the local coastal geomorphology features and hydrodynamics of the area so as to obtain locally accurate results. The information collected is usable by local beach managers in coastal management planning.The method is applied on Bonassola beach, which is a pocket beach located on the NW Mediterranean along the Eastern coast of Liguria, Italy. Weather and offshore waves data collected during the last 16 years were used. The application of this method has allowed to draw a map of the areas that are subject to flooding during storms and has correctly stated that three of the seven biggest storms in the last 16 years would eventually result into flooding of populated area. The study has also shown that the exposure of the study area to the storms is sensitive to the period and the direction of the waves.

Simulating damage for wind storms in the land surface model ORCHIDEE-CAN (revision 4262)

Abstract. Earth system models (ESMs) are currently the most advanced tools with which to study the interactions among humans, ecosystem productivity, and the climate. The inclusion of storm damage in ESMs has long been hampered by their big-leaf approach, which ignores the canopy structure information that is required for process-based wind-throw modelling. Recently the big-leaf assumptions in the large-scale land surface model ORCHIDEE-CAN were replaced by a three-dimensional description of the canopy structure. This opened the way to the integration of the processes from the small-scale wind damage risk model ForestGALES into ORCHIDEE-CAN. The integration of ForestGALES into ORCHIDEE-CAN required, however, developing numerically efficient solutions to deal with (1) landscape heterogeneity, i.e. account for newly established forest edges for the parameterization of gusts; (2) downscaling spatially and temporally aggregated wind fields to obtain more realistic wind speeds that would represents gusts; and (3) downscaling storm damage within the 2500 km2 pixels of ORCHIDEE-CAN. This new version of ORCHIDEE-CAN was parameterized over Sweden. Subsequently, the performance of the model was tested against data for historical storms in southern Sweden between 1951 and 2010 and south-western France in 2009. In years without big storms, here defined as a storm damaging less than 15 × 106 m3 of wood in Sweden, the model error is 1.62 × 106 m3, which is about 100 % of the observed damage. For years with big storms, such as Gudrun in 2005, the model error increased to 5.05 × 106 m3, which is between 10 and 50 % of the observed damage. When the same model parameters were used over France, the model reproduced a decrease in leaf area index and an increase in albedo, in accordance with SPOT-VGT and MODIS records following the passing of Cyclone Klaus in 2009. The current version of ORCHIDEE-CAN (revision 4262) is therefore expected to have the capability to capture the dynamics of forest structure due to storm disturbance on both regional and global scales, although the empirical parameters calculating gustiness from the gridded wind fields and storm damage from critical wind speeds may benefit from regional fitting.

Big Storms Pump Mediterranean Water Far into the Black Sea

For the first time, scientists provide a sea-wide view of what happens to Mediterranean waters that flow into the Black Sea through the Bosporus Strait.

Poetry as Memoir: Shi Zhecun's Miscellaneous Poems of a Floating Life

Abstract At the age of eighty-five, writer Shi Zhecun 施蟄存 (1905–2003) recollected his long and difficult life journey in a poetic memoir, Fusheng zayong 浮生雜詠 (Miscellaneous Poems of a Floating Life). Comprising of eighty poems, this memoir focuses on the 1930s, when Shi experienced the first big storm of his life, a literary battle with the legendary writer Lu Xun 魯迅 (1881–1936). As a result, Shi lost his “space for survival” in the Shanghai literary world, but fortunately his background in both modern and traditional education provided him with resilience. Indeed, one of the appeals of Shi's poetic memoir lies in the author's deliberate fusing of subtle/classical sentiments with public/modern concerns. As this article demonstrates, while Shi's poems embody an implicit metaphorical quality, his self-commentaries are often down-to-earth and self-referential, creating a tension between the two that allows the reader to have as much space for imagination as desired.

Revisiting extreme storms of the past 100 years for future safety of large water management infrastructures

AbstractHistorical extreme storm events are widely used to make Probable Maximum Precipitation (PMP) estimates, which form the cornerstone of large water management infrastructure safety. Past studies suggest that extreme precipitation processes can be sensitive to land surface feedback and the planetary warming trend, which makes the future safety of large infrastructures questionable given the projected changes in land cover and temperature in the coming decades. In this study, a numerical modeling framework was employed to reconstruct 10 extreme storms over CONUS that occurred during the past 100 years, which are used by the engineering profession for PMP estimation for large infrastructures such as dams. Results show that the correlation in daily rainfall for such reconstruction can range between 0.4 and 0.7, while the correlation for maximum 3‐day accumulation (a standard period used in infrastructure design) is always above 0.5 for post‐1948 storms. This suggests that current numerical modeling and reanalysis data allow us to reconstruct big storms after 1948 with acceptable accuracy. For storms prior to 1948, however, reconstruction of storms shows inconsistency with observations. Our study indicates that numerical modeling and data may not have advanced to a sufficient level to understand how such old storms (pre‐1948) may behave in future warming and land cover conditions. However, the infrastructure community can certainly rely on the use of model reconstructed extreme storms of the 1948‐present period to reassess safety of our large water infrastructures under assumed changes in temperature and land cover.

Tracking the West’s biggest storms

“3-2-1, DROP! Buoy away.” Todd Richards releases the high-tech float from its plastic tube, and it plummets away from the belly of the P-3 research plane. Jostled by heavy turbulence and lashed by rain, the plane battles onward through the monster storm off the California coast, its four turboprop engines roaring.