Abstract
This novel study on cement paste material was conducted with the aim of keeping up with the rapid development of urban construction and contributing to the continuous improvement of building materials to overcome environmental issues. In this study, several kinds of industrial waste were used to enhance the properties of cement paste for application in a marine environment with a tropical climate, such as in Vietnam. This study focuses on evaluating the properties of cement paste containing cement replacement combining 0–30% fly ash, 0–10% silica fume, and plasticizer accounting for 0.3% and 0.4% of the binder by mass. Water demand, chloride ion and sulfate ion permeability, and microstructural properties of the cement paste were determined by thermogravimetric analysis (TGA), X-ray diffraction (XRD), and scanning electron microscope (SEM) and they were investigated after 28 and 56 days. The test results show that an optimum mixture could be obtained with the use of 20% fly ash, 10% silica fume (replacing Portland cement), and 0.4% plasticizer. The application of such materials to sea dikes affected by a tropical climate (characterized by heat, humidity, salty seawater, many big storms, large waves, and strong tides) was investigated for four years on the Vietnamese coast. The test results indicate that fly ash and silica fume can improve the corrosion and abrasion resistance of concrete in coastal areas with a tropical climate, such as in Vietnam.
Highlights
More than 70% of concrete and reinforced concrete structures become highly corroded in marine environments
The experiment was performed with four fixed components in class F0S0P0 and four components in class F20S10P0.4, and each component had two components located in the middle of the body of the embankment and two components located lower in the embankment
This paper presents an experimental study on the effect of fly ash and silica fume on the properties of cement paste with various percentages of fly ash and silica fume in order to determine the optimum proportion of these materials with respect to durability
Summary
More than 70% of concrete and reinforced concrete structures become highly corroded in marine environments. The penetration of saline water into concrete structures causes its corrosion, which decreases its comprehensive strength. Fly ash and silica fume are supplementary cement materials, which are widely used in concrete production. Such materials reduce the use of cement and CO2 emissions and enhance the stability and strength of concrete. A large amount of fly ash and silica is being used as source material in the concrete production industry [4]. Silica fume and fly ash have been used as a partial cement replacement in mortar and concrete production [5,6,7,8]. Concrete using fly ash with less superplasticizer achieves a slump similar to plain concrete with
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