Big Shots Research Articles

Geophysical studies of crustal structure of the Ongul Islands and the Northern Mizuho Plateau, East Antarctica

Abstract Explosion seismic experiments, gravity measurements and aeromagnetic surveys were made in the northern Mizuho Plateau including the Ongul Islands, East Antarctica, from 1979 to 1982 by the Japanese Antarctic Research Expeditions. The objective of these field operations was to determine the crustal structure along the 300 km-long oversnow traverse route between Syowa and Mizuho Stations. Three big shots were fired; at sea near Syowa Station, in an ice hole near Mizuho Station and in an ice hole between both stations. Twenty-seven temporal seismic stations were set up along the route. Gravity measurements were carried out at 30 points along this route. Aeromagnetic surveys over the area were made four times. In the seismic experiments, clear refracted waves from the Conrad (estimated depth 30 km) and the Moho (estimated depth 40 km) discontinuities were recorded. No layer with a velocity of less than 6 km/s was found in the Ongul Islands nor beneath the ice sheet in the surveyed area. The P-wave velocity in the upper layer varies with depth from 6.0 km/s on the surface to 6.4 km/s at a depth of 13 km. Comparing the observed record section with synthetic seismograms, it was derived that the Conrad was not associated with a sharp velocity discontinuity, but a linear velocity increase of 0.55 km/s in a transition zone of 2.4 km thick. Velocities of P∗ and Pn were determined as 6.95 km/s and 7.93 km/s assuming a flat layered structure. Bouguer gravity anomalies could not be calculated along the whole profile because of a lack of data on bedrock topography, so reduced gravity anomalies were calculated. These anomalies indicate no abrupt changes of the bedrock topography.

An alliance for power

Alan Keith-Lucas, Ph.D., is Alumni Distinguished Professor of Social Work, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, North Carolina. Social are accustomed to they were women—good women, edu being exhorted to greater political accated women, and patrician women, tivity. To their discomfiture, they are Davis comments that early settle often reminded of influence ment brought about so wielded by a Jane Addams, a Lillian cial work's early success in influencing Wald, a Julia Lathrop, or a Grace or Congress and public opinion were Edith Abbott. What is usually implied, among the first generation of college either directly or subtly, is that social women. They came from old-stock not only lack political skill American families could trace but all too often will to become their ancestry back to colonial New involved in realistic social reform. England, who were moderately well Schottland, for instance, spoke of to do and who, for most part, had conspicuous absence of representahad a religious upbringing. 2 In 1912, tives from social work community Jane Addams was the most famous in political battles that gave rise woman in America, and when she to 1956 amendments to Social espoused Progressive party and, Security Act.1 dressed in white, made first speech Although it is true that Schottland seconding nomination of Theodore wrote this in 1953, over twenty years Roosevelt for president, she was vir ago—and at a time when social work's tually irresistible. The Democrats tried participation in social reform was at unsuccessfully to enlist scarcely its nadir—his plea is familiar. In fact, less famous social worker, Lillian Schottland's speech contained first Wald, to counteract her influence.3 big shots of a barrage that has conParticipation in high-level policy tinued ever since and that now seems making was natural to these workers, almost commonplace. Social They moved in influential circles and everywhere have accepted, in theory at had powerful friends saw them least, their obligation to become poas equals or even superiors. They were litically active on behalf of their listened to automatically, and corn clients and social justice in general, bination of their sex, their education, and many of them have become nostheir family prestige, and their in talgic about Jane Addams and her formed research on poor was im day. mensely influential in that idealistic, There is, however, one ineluctable progressive age with its Utopian be fact that is too often neglected in Iiefs. This particular source of influ rhetoric of movement. To be poence was, however, somewhat ephem litically influential, social work, or any eral and in today's culture and profession, needs either a power base politics is clearly no longer effective, of its own or an alliance with a powerThe influence of these women did ful group in society. Indeed, to some persist, although in a somewhat dis extent, involvement of social work guised way, into era of Franklin in social action—particularly in politiD. Roosevelt. Schlesinger has noted cal social action—has fluctuated with how subtle and persistent saintli existence of that base. ness of social workers affected New Deal legislation through such leaders as Eleanor Roosevelt, Robert Wagner, Frances Perkins, Harold There have been several attempts in Ickes, Fiorello La Guardia, and, of history of social work to establish course, Harry Hopkins.4 a power base or effective alliance, and Meanwhile social work was begin much of social work's activism can be ning to emerge as a profession and understood in terms of those attempts, not just a dedicated cause for The power base of era from 1900 liberal patrician. And leadership to 1920, and by extension of this of profession had begun to change, acquired power until about 1935, was Under such women as Mary Rich self-generated. mond and Zilpha Smith, leader The leading social of ship passed from volunteer to time were politically powerful because professional or expert, despite Jane POLITICAL POWER

III. OPENING ADDRESS TO THE INSTITUTE ON PEDIATRIC RESIDENCY TRAINING

MY EXCUSE for being here is the simple fact that Dick Day invited me. Not all acts of a benevolent dictatorship are self-explanatory. My contacts with the Board as an operating agency have in the past been minimal, even though I have known personally most of the Board members quite well. Being already a battlescarred veteran in 1936, I was privileged to be certified under the grandfather clause and never had the honor of being grilled in Board examinations. On one occasion, when oral exams were being held in New York, I served briefly as an invited examiner. This momentary exposure to the inner workings of the Board evidently disclosed that I lacked that little spark of sadism which, when properly compounded with benevolence and encyclopedic knowledge, marks the effective defender of the pediatric citadel; for I was never asked again. In my recurrent efforts to steer former residents along the course that leads to certification, to quell their jitters before they went up for the third degree, and to join them in their celebration after they had been told they had made it, I guess I must have felt much as the average college undergraduate feels when he stands around, watching the big shots being tapped for initiation into the secret Senior societies, and meditating on the fact that something vital is taking place with which he himself will never have direct experience. With this introduction I arrive at the obvious conclusion that my qualifications for telling the Board just what they ought to do remain shrouded in mystery.

Conrad and The Great Gatsby

ized influences strike me as peripheral because central one, as I see it, is obsessive hold of Conrad in shaping Fitzgerald's greatest novel. His biographer reports that Fitzgerald never very conscious of his literary debts, but so numerous are his debts to Conrad that is (I think) misleading to swallow this false notion in good faith. In Mr. Arthur Mizener's version of him, Fitzgerald is an Original Geniusalmost nobody at all influenced this Very Bright Boy. He tells us that Fitzgerald had an intuitive way of working, and that source of one of his symbols in The Great Gatsby was a dust-jacket picturing two enormous eyes which suggested Daisy brooding over an amusement-park version of New York. This dustjacket, as Mr. Mizener admits, not, of course, real source of that symbol, but he insists that it was only source Fitzgerald consciously understood, and he was hardly more aware of his literary sources.' Shortly after writing The Beautiful and Damned Fitzgerald listed for The Chicago Tribune ten most important novels, and Nostromo was one he singled out as the greatest novel since 'Vanity Fair' (possibly excluding 'Madame Bovary') .' He does not say what Conrad works he read other than admitted Nostromo, but these must have included Heart of Darkness and Lord Jim. What he learned from Conrad includes not only device of perplexed narrator and turns of phrasing, but also themes and plotsituations, ambivalence of symbolism, etc.-in fact, craft of novel, including a theory of its construction. Conrad's secret theory examined, Fitzgerald writes in his Notebooks; and secret of scheme? Well, he wrote truth-adding confusion however to his structure. How closely he studied Conrad is indicated also by what he says in this same note: Nevertheless, there is in his scheme a desire to imitate life which is in all big shots. Have I such an idea in composition of this book? And how much of Con-