Big Job Research Articles

Using Data Variety for Efficient Progressive Big Data Processing in Warehouse-Scale Computers

Warehouse Scale Computers (WSC) are often used for various big data jobs where the big data under processing comes from a variety of sources. We show that different data portions, from the same or different sources, have different significances in determining the final outcome of the computation, and hence, by prioritizing them and assigning more resources to processing of more important data, the WSC can be used more efficiently in terms of time as well as cost. We provide a simple low-overhead mechanism to quickly assess the significance of each data portion, and show its effectiveness in finding the best ranking of data portions. We continue by demonstrating how this ranking is used in resource allocation to improve time and cost by up to 24 and 9 percent respectively, and also discuss other uses of this ranking information, e.g., in faster progressive approximation of the final outcome of big data job without processing entire data, and in more effective use of renewable energies in WSCs.

Skill Requirements in Big Data: A Content Analysis of Job Advertisements

ABSTRACTThe technology behind big data, although still in its nascent stages, is inspiring many companies to hire data scientists and explore the potential of big data to support strategic initiatives, including developing new products and services. To better understand the skills and knowledge that are highly valued by industry for jobs within big data, this study reports on an analysis of 1216 job advertisements that contained “big data” in the job title. Our results are presented within a conceptual framework of big data skills categories and confirm the multi-faceted nature of big data job skills. Our research also found that many big data job advertisements emphasize developing analytical information systems and that soft skills remain highly valued, in addition to the value placed on emerging hard technological skills.

A genetic algorithm-based job scheduling model for big data analytics.

Big data analytics (BDA) applications are a new category of software applications that process large amounts of data using scalable parallel processing infrastructure to obtain hidden value. Hadoop is the most mature open-source big data analytics framework, which implements the MapReduce programming model to process big data with MapReduce jobs. Big data analytics jobs are often continuous and not mutually separated. The existing work mainly focuses on executing jobs in sequence, which are often inefficient and consume high energy. In this paper, we propose a genetic algorithm-based job scheduling model for big data analytics applications to improve the efficiency of big data analytics. To implement the job scheduling model, we leverage an estimation module to predict the performance of clusters when executing analytics jobs. We have evaluated the proposed job scheduling model in terms of feasibility and accuracy.

Asla Pitkänen: hope on the horizon for epilepsy prevention

“Hard work but not mission impossible”. These are the words of Asla Pitkänen on a big job: to develop effective pharmacotherapy with tolerable side-effects to prevent epileptogenesis after traumatic brain injury (TBI). Certainly encouraging words from one of the leading researchers in the field of epileptogenesis, the process by which a brain develops epilepsy. This is Pitkänen's dream scientific breakthrough scenario, and one that would certainly improve the lives of patients recovering from TBI, as currently there is no preventative treatment available for this high-risk group. “Hope on the horizon” appeared with the finding, published in a 2005 study, that epileptogenesis can be modified, in this case by atipamezole, an alpha(2)-adrenoceptor antagonist, and since then Pitakanen has been ardently researching the mechanisms of post-traumatic injury to transform hopes and dreams of prevention of epileptogenesis into a reality. Advances in the development of biomarkers for epilepsyOver 50 million people worldwide have epilepsy. In nearly 30% of these cases, epilepsy remains unsatisfactorily controlled despite the availability of over 20 antiepileptic drugs. Moreover, no treatments exist to prevent the development of epilepsy in those at risk, despite an increasing understanding of the underlying molecular and cellular pathways. One of the major factors that have impeded rapid progress in these areas is the complex and multifactorial nature of epilepsy, and its heterogeneity. Full-Text PDF

Integrative Medicine at Jefferson: Leading the Way with New Center and Cutting-Edge Technology

TheMyrnaBrindCenter of Integrative Medicine at Jefferson University Hospitals, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, has combined its expertise, experience, and advanced diagnostics to serve as a leader in the field of integrative medicine and provide state-of-the-art care for people desiring an integrative medicine approach to their health. Now, the recent awarding of a $14 million grant by the Marcus Foundation, Inc., has allowed for the establishment of a new center, the Brind-Marcus Center of Integrative Medicine, in Villanova, Pennsylvania, which opened its doors in December 2015. The new Center has enabled expansion of both clinical and research endeavors as well as cutting-edge technology, including the addition of a unique positron emission tomography–magnetic resonance imaging (PET-MRI) scanner. Daniel A. Monti, MD, MBA, senior vice president and the director of both centers, commented on the evolution of success of integrative medicine at Thomas Jefferson University:

Optimization for Speculative Execution in Big Data Processing Clusters

A big parallel processing job can be delayed substantially as long as one of its many tasks is being assigned to an unreliable or congested machine. To tackle this so-called straggler problem, most parallel processing frameworks such as MapReduce have adopted various strategies under which the system may speculatively launch additional copies of the same task if its progress is abnormally slow when extra idling resource is available. In this paper, we focus on the design of speculative execution schemes for parallel processing clusters from an optimization perspective under different loading conditions. For the lightly loaded case, we analyze and propose one cloning scheme, namely, the Smart Cloning Algorithm (SCA) which is based on maximizing the overall system utility. We also derive the workload threshold under which SCA should be used for speculative execution. For the heavily loaded case, we propose the Enhanced Speculative Execution (ESE) algorithm which is an extension of the Microsoft Mantri scheme to mitigate stragglers. Our simulation results show SCA reduces the total job flowtime, i.e., the job delay/ response time by nearly $6$ percent comparing to the speculative execution strategy of Microsoft Mantri. In addition, we show that the ESE Algorithm outperforms the Mantri baseline scheme by $71$ percent in terms of the job flowtime while consuming the same amount of computation resource.

A Survey on Big Data Management and Job Scheduling

Big data has gained its popularity in the recent years due to the fact that there is a need for sophisticated method to collect, process, analyze and visualize huge volumes of data generated by our digital and computing world. Several challenges in handling petabytes of information, commonly named as Big data needs to be addressed in more efficient way. Big data management (BDM) is the process of collecting, storing, analysing and visualization of large volumes of data, which can be in the form of structured, unstructured and semistructured formats. Problems such as data acquisition, data storage, data retrieval, data analysis, and data visualization can no longer be handled by traditional database systems. The primary purpose of this paper is to provide a comprehensive survey on Big data management and to provide an overview on various algorithms related to job scheduling in Hadoop and the latest advancements. These research directions can lead to exploration of Big data domain and result in development of optimal techniques and scheduling algorithms to address problems faced in Big data.

Pixida

In the era of global-scale services, big data analytical queries are often required to process datasets that span multiple data centers (DCs). In this setting, cross-DC bandwidth is often the scarcest, most volatile, and/or most expensive resource. However, current widely deployed big data analytics frameworks make no attempt to minimize the traffic traversing these links. In this paper, we present P ixida , a scheduler that aims to minimize data movement across resource constrained links. To achieve this, we introduce a new abstraction called S ilo , which is key to modeling P ixida 's scheduling goals as a graph partitioning problem. Furthermore, we show that existing graph partitioning problem formulations do not map to how big data jobs work, causing their solutions to miss opportunities for avoiding data movement. To address this, we formulate a new graph partitioning problem and propose a novel algorithm to solve it. We integrated P ixida in Spark and our experiments show that, when compared to existing schedulers, P ixida achieves a significant traffic reduction of up to ~ 9x on the aforementioned links.

Network-Aware Scheduling for Data-Parallel Jobs

To reduce the impact of network congestion on big data jobs, cluster management frameworks use various heuristics to schedule compute tasks and/or network flows. Most of these schedulers consider the job input data fixed and greedily schedule the tasks and flows that are ready to run. However, a large fraction of production jobs are recurring with predictable characteristics, which allows us to plan ahead for them. Coordinating the placement of data and tasks of these jobs allows for significantly improving their network locality and freeing up bandwidth, which can be used by other jobs running on the cluster. With this intuition, we develop Corral, a scheduling framework that uses characteristics of future workloads to determine an offline schedule which (i) jointly places data and compute to achieve better data locality, and (ii) isolates jobs both spatially (by scheduling them in different parts of the cluster) and temporally, improving their performance. We implement Corral on Apache Yarn, and evaluate it on a 210 machine cluster using production workloads. Compared to Yarn's capacity scheduler, Corral reduces the makespan of these workloads up to 33% and the median completion time up to 56%, with 20-90% reduction in data transferred across racks.

Content Curators as Cultural Intermediaries: “My reputation as a curator is based on what I curate, right?”

Content Curators as Cultural Intermediaries: “My reputation as a curator is based on what I curate, right?”

Tail asymptotics for delay in a half-loaded GI/GI/2 queue with heavy-tailed job sizes

We obtain asymptotic bounds for the tail distribution of steady-state waiting time in a two server queue where each server processes incoming jobs at a rate equal to the rate of their arrivals (that is, the half-loaded regime). The job sizes are taken to be regularly varying. When the incoming jobs have finite variance, there are basically two types of effects that dominate the tail asymptotics. While the quantitative distinction between these two manifests itself only in the slowly varying components, the two effects arise from qualitatively very different phenomena (arrival of one extremely big job (or) two big jobs). Then there is a phase transition that occurs when the incoming jobs have infinite variance. In that case, only one of these effects dominate the tail asymptotics, the one involving arrival of one extremely big job.

P-DOT: a model of computation for big data

In response to the high demand of big data analytics, several programming models on large and distributed cluster systems have been proposed and implemented, such as MapReduce, Dryad and Pregel. However, compared with high performance computing areas, the basis and principles of computation and communication behaviour of big data analytics is not well studied. In this paper, we review the current big data computational model DOT and DOT Advanced, and propose a more general and practical model p-DOT (p-phases DOT). p-DOT is not a simple extension, but with profound significance: for general aspects, any big data analytics job execution expressed in DOT model or bulk synchronous parallel model can be represented by it; for practical aspects, it considers I/O behaviour to evaluate performance overhead. Moreover, we provide a cost function of p-DOT implying that the optimal number of machines is near-linear to the square root of input size for a fixed algorithm and workload, and certify that the processing paradigm of p-DOT is scalable and fault-tolerant. Finally, we demonstrate the effectiveness of the model through several experiments.

Empowerment in the Hospitality Industry in the United States

This study explores the impact of organizational antecedents (i.e., self-managed teams, career advancement, work environment, and leadership, and of individual antecedents (e.g., gender, age, job level, and tenure) on employee empowerment in the hospitality industry. A total of 532 valid responses from a survey conducted in 60 hotels in the United States were received. Data were analyzed using factor analysis and correlation analysis. Findings suggest that self-management, work environment, and leadership are reliable predictors of employee empowerment in the hotel sector. Empowerment makes employees feel better about their jobs and themselves. Organizations need to learn that empowering employees to improve their performance requires a fundamental shift in the entire organizational culture—a much bigger job than it was initially perceived to be.

Through the eyes of a new dad: experiences of first-time fathers of late-preterm infants.

Fathers of late-preterm (34-36 weeks' gestation) infants may experience challenges in parenting. Late-preterm infants are more irritable and less responsive in interactions. The unexpected early birth of an infant may negatively affect fathers' cognitive and emotional experiences. The Father-Infant Interaction Program (FIIP) is a video-modeled play intervention that aims to increase fathers' sensitivity and responsiveness to infant cues. Using data from a larger randomized controlled trial (RCT) to evaluate FIIP, the purpose of the present study was to explore the experiences of first-time fathers of late-preterm infants and their perceptions of the intervention. We conducted semistructured qualitative interviews with 85 fathers of 8-month-old infants during the outcome home visit for the RCT and thematically analyzed data. Three main themes about fathers' experiences emerged: Fathers believed they had the "best job in the world," yet saw fathering as the "biggest job ever." Fathers viewed fatherhood as an opportunity for personal growth and reflected on how their lives had changed since the arrival of their infant. Fathers in the intervention and comparison groups liked the convenience of the home visits and validation of their role as a father. Fathers in the intervention group liked the tailored feedback about play.

PHARMACEUTICALS Big job cuts at Exelixis follow clinical trial disappointment

PHARMACEUTICALS Big job cuts at Exelixis follow clinical trial disappointment

The Giraffe's Neck by Judith Schalansky

Jean Echenoz I’m Gone Mark Polizzotti, tr. The New Press Winner of France’s esteemed Prix Goncourt, Jean Echenoz’s I’m Gone follows a struggling art gallery owner who deserts his marriage and career in hopes of making a fortune selling valuable “Paleolithic art.” Bursting with comical prose and insistent on subverting clichéd literary conventions, this fast-moving and unpredictable novel offers a satiric contemplation of contemporary art, lust, and adventure. Jérémie Dres We Won’t See Auschwitz Edward Gauvin, tr. SelfMadeHero On a quest to connect with their family’s combined Jewish-Polish heritage, the author and his brother traverse through Poland. Their conscious decision to bypass Auschwitz leads them to explore Żelechów and Warsaw before landing in Europe’s largest celebration of Jewish culture in Kraków. This graphic novel documents the power of dialogue with one’s ancestry. Nota Bene for Alexandre Taillard de Vorms, the French foreign minister and a standin for Dominique de Villepin. Arthur is drawn with a very similar Gallic nose to that of the minister, and, in their first face-off—where Arthur says almost nothing and the minister does all the talking—their similarities are strikingly illustrated. After all, Arthur will become the source of everything that comes out of de Vorms’s mouth. Once de Vorms gives Arthur the job, the devastating satire toward the workings of the department begins. Underlings jockey for position with the minister, and each defends his or her right to be the last word on the Middle East or Africa or the US. Little thought is given to the larger picture when these advisors indulge their internal struggles for power and notice. The one noble character, drawn with less caricatured style, is the chief of staff, Claude Maupas, seemingly the only sane head at the Quai d’Orsay. His biggest job is keeping the voluble and not always clearheaded minister out of trouble. Arthur, as the writer, is the perfect lens through which to view the minister’s double-speak, his inability to resist a rhetorical phrase that says nothing, and his penchant for quoting such sages as Heraclitus, Marx, Rousseau, and Voltaire out of context and to sidesplitting effect. De Vorms is also unable to tone down his colossal ego, even when vying with the American secretary of state, a very familiar African American here named Jeffrey Cole. Of course, there is no disguise, not even a name change, when we see President Bush take the stage. You don’t have to be a fan of the contemporary satirist Armando Ianucci or his American TV program Veep to appreciate the ways in which Lanzac and his perfect illustrator, Christophe Blain, lampoon ridiculous and familiar characters. But Weapons of Mass Diplomacy has an even sharper sting than these contemporary counterparts. Lanzac and Blain bring to mind Jonathan Swift and Alexander Pope. Their characters ’ vanities and foibles underscore just how dangerous and at times foolish are the people to whom we entrust not only our well-being but our future. Rita D. Jacobs Montclair State University Judith Schalansky. The Giraffe’s Neck. Shaun Whiteside, tr. New York. Bloomsbury. 2014. isbn 9781620403389 Inge Lohmark teaches biology at a “gymnasium” in a backwater town in the remotest former East Germany, which, even more than most of rural Germany, is hemorrhaging population. Most are moving to chic Berlin while her own daughter, years ago, settled in California. As Inge sees the weeds grow in the deserted streets, she envisions the area eventually returned to a state of nature, completely overrun September–October 2014 • 79 reviews with plant life. These will indeed be “blooming landscapes,” but hardly the ones then-chancellor Helmut Kohl promised the easterners if they voted for his unification plan. While she preaches evolution— “adaptation is everything”—this is the exact opposite of what she does: she does not believe education will do much for her ninth-graders. For her, biology is destiny, the “true dictatorship ,” which neither the previous dictatorship nor the current democracy could alter. This is a dictatorship in which there is no room for feelings—if a girl in her class is being bullied by the others...

Influencia del liderazgo sobre el clima organizacional

The central aim of this paper is to analyze the influence of leadership on organizational climate. A review of the history of leadership concepts and the different theories proposed by several authors is made. The organizational climate dimensions and factors and through a deep analysis the influence of leadership on organizational climate and how it leads to the performance of employees in the organization is determined is studied. Empirical studies confirm the relationship between these variables and concludes that leadership is the trigger for a big job performance through the construction of a good organizational climate based on perceptions caused by the leader are also reviewed.

Sistem Aplikasi Akademik Case Study: Fakultas Sains dan Teknologi UIN Jakarta

Academic letter within the faculty of science and technology become a big job, considering it was previously done manually and serves 7 department of the department of physics, engineering informatics, information systems, chemistry, biology, mathematics and agri business class plus international and CCIT class, number no students totaled 2,000 students. many academic letter of complaint ever. academic letter in the student ministry that is active demand letter college, thesis guidance letter, letter of research studies, field work application letter, letter of active scholarship, fieldwork guidance letter, certificate of graduation, student data, certificate of leave, then the background of the system was made to accommodate the ministry letter, the methodology used rapid application development, because the system required by the student 's application must be immediately implemented, tested and direct experiments when the applied research process becomes faster academic letter and the data stored into the database, then the application the expected integrated with the university's academic information system Kata Kunci–informasi system; pensuratan, academic; pensuratan systems; information systems academic pensuratan

Once a Soldier, Always a Soldier: A Typological Analysis of Military Delinquency Based on the Military-cum-Social Problem of Soldiers/Bandits in China, 1890s to Early 1950s

In traditional or Old China, (especially from the 1890s through 1940s), soldiers seemed to enjoy “unlimited” opportunities to engage in bandit activities (e.g., looting villages, setting civilian houses on fire, extorting landlords, abducting and trafficking children, gang raping women, etc.). One important factor that allowed these armed personnel to commit various criminal acts was that China did not have an integrated military system before the 1950s. Therefore, state managers usually could not supervise (let along regulate) the behavior of soldiers. Given that an institutionalized system that could put soldiers under state control was missing, it was not surprising that when soldiers were sent to a certain battlefield that villages, rural towns, and cities surrounding that combat zone were always raided and looted by soldiers turned bandits. Unlike those “wicked” soldiers who became involved in various social evils related to banditry, hundreds of thousands of “good” bandits in Old China joined regular troops. This “righteous act” basically was connected with the fact that almost all bandits, as desperados, lived in a “Darwinian” world. Since this world is governed entirely by the law of competition (i.e., only the “strongest” and the “smartest” could survive), leaders of bandit gangs usually could not ascertain whether they can continue doing those “businesses” that do require investment in the foreseeable future. As a result of this uncertainty, joining regular armies (if this “application” was officially approved by the authorities) was normally the “best choice” for armed bandits (whether they were core members or followers). In other words, becoming a part of government troops usually allowed chiefs and adherents of bandit gangs to enjoy miscellaneous benefits (such as formal military rank, social position, and state-controlled resources like stipend, ammunition, and weapons). As these benefits include the elements of legitimacy and economic security, “big brothers” of bandit blocs generally wished that their personal troops could be transformed into part of the formal troops in order that the marginalized and illicit status of such private troops be terminated. In this paper, the issue of military delinquency will be explored; by using the interactive relationship between Chinese soldiers and Chinese bandits during the period of late-nineteenth to mid-twentieth centuries as an example, the goal of this article is to examine those socioeconomic contexts that provide military personnel with opportunities to perpetrate antisocial or criminal behaviors. Four “Big Jobs” will be performed in this paper: first, the structural factors which, before the 1950s, gave Chinese soldiers opportunities to commit bandit acts will be addressed; then, the environmental causes that motivated marginalized populations (chiefly males) to join bandit gangs will be listed. After these two issues have been inspected, the connection between soldier-bandits and bandit-soldiers will be analyzed. The implications of this relationship will be summarized in the final section.

Book Review: Deadlines and Disruption—My Turbulent Path from Print to Digital

Stephen B. Shepard Deadlines and Disruption-My Turbulent Path from Print to Digital. New York: McGraw-Hill, 2013. 339 pp.PointAs a former journalist, I found Stephen B. Shepard's book a wonderful and moving portrait of the old and new world of journalism. Shepard's career has spanned literally the top tier of the print profession including stints as senior editor at Newsweek, editor of the Saturday Review, and editor-in-chief at BusinessWeek. He is also an academic presently serving as dean at the City University of New York (CUNY) Graduate School of Journalism. Shepard spent over twenty years at BusinessWeek-taking the prestigious magazine from original stories and hard-hitting analysis (p. 90) to uncharted waters in 1994 as an online publication (p. 174).Shepard begins by sharing a very intimate look at his personal life and struggle to pursue his dream in life-to be a journalist rather than an engineer. He shares his fears and successes of childhood growing up in the Bronx, New York. Shepard's openness is compelling and inspiring for students who may want to read about his journey and career path.The book is divided into four parts taking the reader from Foundation, BusinessWeek Years, and CUNY: A New Journalism School for a New Era to Quest for New Business Models. Shepard shares his educational years, including a six-month training program at McGraw-Hill (p. 37) on three old-line trade magazines, that sealed the deal for his love of journalism. He talks about his first big league job as a reporter at the ripe age of twenty-six for BusinessWeek in 1966 (p. 39). On one assignment, Shepard discusses meeting Ralph Nader who was concerned about auto safety. The story was on General Motors and the need for social responsibility and big business.Shepard also details the working environment explaining that women had a difficult time getting work in journalism. Shepard shares a letter one female colleague received in 1962 from a managing editor from the Wall Street Journal:We have an open mind on all job applicants and do not have a company policy against hiring women reporters. However, if we have a choice between a male reporter and a woman reporter and both are equally qualified, we will hire the man. Our preference for men is based on our desire to develop promising news reporters into future news executives who will make a career with us; we have found through experience that women, because they marry and have children, are not as good prospects from a long-term career point of view. (p. 42)Shepard recognized the talent and commitment of women he worked with and made it his mission to hire and promote women during his tenure as editor-in-chief at BusinessWeek.During his first stint at BusinessWeek (he had two), Shepard covered the first Earth Day, the Union Carbide plant in West Virginia, and the long gasoline lines in the 1970s (p. 54).Shepard then takes us to his time at the Columbia School of Journalism to help create the Walter Bagehot Fellowship Program in Economics and Business Journalism, which is now the Knight-Bagehot Program. There, Shepard worked for five years as a part-time adjunct faculty member and director of the program. He then got a call to work for Newsweek as an editor to cover business. …