Big Five Personality Research Articles

Individualizing psychological assessment using the five-factor model: A phenomenological, enactivist approach.

Individualizing psychological assessment using the five-factor model: A phenomenological, enactivist approach.

Personality perception in synthetic versus natural speech: The effects of voice quality and prosody

Synthetic speech technology, now approaching human-like naturalness due to advancements in deep learning, has turned to focusing on personality or persona design as a common practice in the industry. The present study aimed to identify speech characteristics affecting personality impressions in synthetic and natural speech. Thirty native Korean speakers participated in a personality rating experiment in which they evaluated natural Korean sentences and their synthetic counterparts in terms of the Big-Five personality model. Acoustic analyses were performed to examine voice quality and prosody, including Intonational Phrase (IP) boundary tones. The results revealed that scores of agreeableness, conscientiousness, and emotional stability increased overall when the voices contained greater aperiodicity in the harmonics (i.e., were likely breathier) and were weaker in energy. The results also demonstrated that different prosodic features affected personality perception in synthetic and natural speech; synthetic speech with a wider F0 range received higher scores on extroversion, openness, and emotional stability. In contrast, the effect of IP boundary tones was most frequently found for female natural speech, which contained a wider range of tones, including multitonals (e.g., LHL%). Our findings suggest that intonation is one of the key factors which can be adjusted to generate synthetic speech with various personalities.

Deriving the Transdiagnostic Scales From the Personality Assessment Inventory and SPECTRA: Indices of Psychopathology: A Demonstration.

Transdiagnostic models of psychopathology address many of the shortcomings common to categorical diagnostic systems. These empirically derived models conceptualize psychopathology as a few broad interrelated and hierarchically arranged dimensions, with an overarching general psychopathology dimension, the p-factor, at the apex. While transdiagnostic models are gaining prominence in mental health research, the lack of available tools has limited their clinical translation. The present study explored the potential of creating transdiagnostic scales from the joint factor structure of the Personality Assessment Inventory, Alternative Model of Personality Disorder trait scales (AMPD), and the clinical scales of the SPECTRA: Indices of Psychopathology (SPECTRA). Exploratory factor analysis in a clinical sample (n = 212) identified five factors corresponding to the Negative Affect/Internalizing, Detachment, Antagonism/Externalizing, Disinhibition/Externalizing, and Thought Disorder transdiagnostic dimensions. Goldberg's "Bass-Ackward" method supported a hierarchical structure. Five composite transdiagnostic scales were created by summing each factor's highest loading PAI and SPECTRA scales. A global psychopathology scale was created by summing the five composite scales. All the composite scales demonstrated adequate internal consistency. Correlations between the composite scales and the NEO Five-Factor Inventory-3 provide initial validity evidence for four composite and global scales. The composite thought disorder scale had no conceptually corresponding NEO domain. Clinical implications and study limitations are discussed.

Generalizable Links Between Borderline Personality Traits and Functional Connectivity

BackgroundSymptoms of borderline personality disorder (BPD) often manifest during adolescence, but the underlying relationship between these debilitating symptoms and the development of functional brain networks is not well understood. Here, we aimed to investigate how multivariate patterns of functional connectivity are associated with borderline personality traits in large samples of young adults and adolescents. MethodsWe used functional magnetic resonance imaging data from young adults and adolescents from the HCP-YA (Human Connectome Project Young Adult) (n = 870, ages 22–37 years, 457 female) and the HCP-D (Human Connectome Project Development) (n = 223, ages 16–21 years, 121 female). A previously validated BPD proxy score was derived from the NEO Five-Factor Inventory. A ridge regression model with cross-validation and nested hyperparameter tuning was trained and tested in HCP-YA to predict BPD scores in unseen data from regional functional connectivity. The trained model was further tested on data from HCP-D without further tuning. Finally, we tested how the connectivity patterns associated with BPD aligned with age-related changes in connectivity. ResultsMultivariate functional connectivity patterns significantly predicted out-of-sample BPD scores in unseen data in young adults (HCP-YA ppermuted = .001) and older adolescents (HCP-D ppermuted = .001). Regional predictive capacity was heterogeneous; the most predictive regions were found in functional systems relevant for emotion regulation and executive function, including the ventral attention network. Finally, regional functional connectivity patterns that predicted BPD scores aligned with those associated with development in youth. ConclusionsIndividual differences in functional connectivity in developmentally sensitive regions are associated with borderline personality traits.

Perceived Impact of Personality Traits on the Academic Performance of Students in Biology

The study examined the perceived impact of personality traits on the academic performance of biology students in Makurdi, a local government area of Benue State, Nigeria. Three research questions were raised and two hypotheses were also formulated and tested. The research design adopted for this study was a descriptive survey design. The study sample comprises 384 students who were randomly selected from the total population of 9,748 students of the 20 government secondary schools in Makurdi Local Government Area of Benue State, Nigeria. The instruments used for data collection in this study were the Five-Factor Inventory Questionnaire (FFIQ) for personality traits and “The Biology Performance Test (BPT)” for academic performance. The data were analyzed using mean and standard deviation to answer the research questions, while ANOVA statistics and t-tests were used to test the hypotheses at a .05 significance level. The findings revealed that there was no significant mean difference in the five personality traits of students and the personality traits of Biology students had no significant relationship with their performance in the subject. Also, there was no significant difference in the mean performance of students in each of the five personality traits based on gender. The findings further revealed no significant difference in students’ personality traits according to gender and no significant difference in the performance of students who were offered biology according to gender. This study recommends that Special attention be paid to improving the performance of students in Biology in Makurdi to strike an association between the traits. Also, male and female students should be given equal opportunities in biology since there is no gender difference in their personality traits and academic performance.

FACTOR ANALYSIS OF FINANCIAL PERFORMANCE AND FORMATION OF STRATEGIC RESILIENCE IN UKRAINIAN IT COMPANIES UNDER THE CHALLENGES OF WAR

Ukrainian IT companies, a crucial sector of the national economy, currently face challenges and risks associated with contemporary military and adverse macroeconomic realities. Adapting and strengthening the strategic resilience and financial performance of Ukrainian IT companies becomes a pivotal task in times of war. The purpose of the article is to conduct a factor analysis of the financial performance of IT companies and determine the key directions for ensuring the strategic stability of enterprises in this industry in Ukraine.The article analyzes the primary threats and challenges faced by Ukrainian IT companies, assessing the corresponding measures they implemented to stabilize operations and ensure business processes in 2021-2022. The research allowed for the identification, using economic analysis methods and the construction of multifactorial multiplicative models, of the influencing factors on the financial performance of Ukrainian IT companies during wartime. In particular, five-factor models were constructed to analyze the change in net profit and net income from sales for 7 leading industry companies in Ukraine. The key factors in the models include the structure of funding sources, asset turnover, profitability, cost structure and others.The importance of fostering strategic resilience for Ukrainian IT companies amid military challenges has been established. Business strategic resilience implies a company's ability to adapt to adverse changes in its external environment while maintaining competitiveness. Directions for shaping strategic resilience in enterprises have been identified, particularly in the context of ensuring financial, operational, and organizational resilience, physical security, business model stability, cyber threat resistance, and corporate social responsibility. The analysis of financial performance factors, employing economic analysis methods in conjunction with an evaluation of how IT companies respond to the challenges of war, will enable a comprehensive risk assessment and effective managerial decision-making within these business structures.

Measuring the work environment among healthcare professionals: Validation of the Dutch version of the Culture of Care Barometer.

A positive work environment (WE) is paramount for healthcare employees to provide good quality care. To stimulate a positive work environment, employees' perceptions of the work environment need to be assessed. This study aimed to assess the reliability and validity of the Dutch version of the Culture of Care Barometer (CoCB-NL) survey in hospitals. This longitudinal validation study explored content validity, structural validity, internal consistency, hypothesis testing for construct validity, and responsiveness. The study was conducted at seven departments in two Dutch university hospitals. The departments were included based on their managers' motivation to better understand their employees' perception of their WE. All employees of participating departments were invited to complete the survey (n = 1,730). The response rate was 63.2%. The content of the CoCB-NL was considered relevant and accessible by the respondents. Two factor models were found. First, confirmative factor analysis of the original four-factor structure showed an acceptable fit (X2 2006.49; df 399; p = <0.001; comparative fit index [CFI] 0.82; Tucker-Lewis index [TLI] 0.80; root mean square error of approximation [RMSEA] 0.09). Second, explanatory factor analysis revealed a five-factor model including 'organizational support', 'leadership', 'collegiality and teamwork', 'relationship with manager', and 'employee influence and development'. This model was confirmed and showed a better fit (X2 1552.93; df 395; p = < 0.00; CFI 0.87; TLI 0.86; RMSEA 0.07). Twelve out of eighteen hypotheses were confirmed. Responsiveness was assumed between the measurements. The CoCB-NL is a valid and reliable instrument for identifying areas needing improvement in the WE. Furthermore, the CoCB-NL appears to be responsive and therefore useful for longitudinal evaluations of healthcare employees' work environments.

The Influence of the Big Five-Factor Personality Dimension on Employee Performance

The Influence of the Big Five-Factor Personality Dimension on Employee Performance

Affective super-traits and/or individual patterns: a variable-centered and a person-centered approach of primary emotional aspects of personality.

Theoretical approaches of personality structure are diverse. We examine the primary emotional aspects of personality as the correspondence of two mainstream constructs: the lexically-based Big Five (BIG5) and the biologically-based Affective Neuroscience Theory (ANT) within two approaches. In the variable-centered approach (VCA), our aim is to identify affective super-traits; while in the person-centered approach (PCA) to uncover latent profile patterns. 240 participants (177 women, 63 men) completed the 112-item affective neuroscience personality scales (ANPS), and the 44-item Big Five Inventory (BFI). We identified four super-traits: Negative emotions (FEAR, SADNESS, Emotional instability), Positive emotions and stimulation (SEEK, Extraversion), Affiliation and social bonds (reversed ANGER, CARE, Agreeableness), Self-regulation (PLAY, Conscientiousness. Based on the VCA, we conclude that the four super-traits represent two main affective tendencies (Positive emotions and approaching, Negative emotions and avoidance), interpersonal (Affiliation) and intrapersonal (Self-regulation) dynamics of personality. As a result of Latent Profile Analysis in the PCA, we explored three latent groups with different patterns of primary emotional traits based on their responsiveness (Highly emotional, Balanced, Low emotional). Our findings provide a holistic approach to emotional aspects of personality, and might have further implications for clinical psychology, neuroscience, and cross-cultural studies on emotions.

Neuroticism and openness exhibit an anti-correlation pattern to dissociable default mode network: using resting connectivity and structural equation modeling analysis.

The default mode network (DMN) can be subdivided into ventral and dorsal subsystems, which serve affective cognition and mental sense construction, respectively. An internally dissociated pattern of anti-correlations was observed between these two subsystems. Although numerous studies on neuroticism and openness have demonstrated the neurological functions of the DMN, little is known about whether different subsystems and hubs regions within the network are engaged in different functions in response to the two traits. We recruited 223 healthy volunteers in this study and collected their resting-state functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) and NEO Five-Factor Inventory scores. We used independent component analysis (ICA) to obtain the DMN, before further decomposing it into the ventral and dorsal subsystems. Then, the network coherence of hubs regions within subsystems was extracted to construct two structural equation models (SEM) to explore the relationship between neuroticism and openness traits and DMN. We observed that the ventral DMN could significantly predict positive openness and negative neuroticism. The dorsal DMN was diametrically opposed. Additionally, the medial prefrontal cortex (mPFC) and middle temporal gyrus (MTG), both of which are core hubs of the subnetworks within the DMN, are significantly positively correlated with neuroticism and openness. These findings may point to a biological basis that neuroticism and openness are engaged in opposite mechanisms and support the hypothesis about the functional dissociation of the DMN.

Employing Bayesian analysis to establish a cut-off point and assess stigma prevalence in substance use disorder: a comprehensive study of the Chinese version of the Substance Use Stigma Mechanism Scale.

In China, individuals with substance use disorders (SUD) face severe stigma, but reliable stigma assessment tool is lacking. Therefore, this study aimed to validate the Chinese version of the Substance Use Stigma Mechanism Scale (SU-SMS-C) and set its cut-off point. We recruited 1005 individuals with SUDs from Chinese rehabilitation centers. These participants completed a battery of questionnaires that included the SU-SMS-C, The Multidimensional Scale of Perceived Social Support (MSPSS), Center for Epidemiologic Studies Depression Scale (CES-D), General Self-Efficacy Scale (GSES), and Perceived Devaluation and Discrimination (PDD). Confirmatory factor analysis was used to assess the construct validity of the scale. Additionally, the Naive Bayes classifier was used to establish the cut-off point for the SU-SMS-C. We additionally explored the correlation between patient demographic characteristics and stigma. A confirmatory factor analysis was utilized, revealing a second-order five-factor model. Based on the Naive Bayes classifier, the area under the receiver operating characteristic (AUCROC) of 0.746, the cut-off point for the SU-SMS-C was established at 44.5. The prevalence of stigma observed in the study population was 49.05%. Significant disparities were observed in the distribution of stigma across genders, with males experiencing more pronounced stigma than females. Moreover, patients consuming different primary substances reported diverse levels of stigma. Notably, those primarily using heroin endured a higher degree of stigma than users of other substances. The study is the first to identify a cut-off point for the SU-SMS-C by Naive Bayes classifier, bridging a major gap in stigma measurement research. SU-SMS-C may help treat and manage SUDs by reducing stigma.

Incorporating Domain-Specific Traits into Personality-Aware Recommendations for Financial Applications

The general personality traits, notably the Big-Five personality traits, have been increasingly integrated into recommendation systems. The personality-aware recommendations, which incorporate human personality into recommendation systems, have shown promising results in general recommendation areas including music, movie, and e-commerce recommendations. On the other hand, the number of research delving into the applicability of personality-aware recommendations in specialized domains such as finance and education remains limited. In addition, these domains have unique challenges in incorporating personality-aware recommendations as domain-specific psychological traits such as risk tolerance and behavioral biases play a crucial role in explaining user behavior in these domains. Addressing these challenges, this study addresses an in-depth exploration of personality-aware recommendations in the financial domain, specifically within the context of stock recommendations. First, this study investigates the benefits of deploying general personality traits in stock recommendations through the integration of personality-aware recommendations with user-based collaborative filtering approaches. Second, this study further verifies whether incorporating domain-specific psychological traits along with general personality traits enhances the performance of stock recommender systems. Thirdly, this paper introduces a personalized stock recommendation model that incorporates both general personality traits and domain-specific psychological traits as well as transaction data. The experimental results show that the proposed model outperformed baseline models in financial stock recommendations.

Parental mental health and reporting of their child's behaviour: measurement invariance of the French version of the parental strengths and difficulties questionnaire.

Symptomatic effects of mental disorders in parents could bias their reporting on their child's mental health. This study aimed to investigate the measurement invariance of the French version of the parental Strengths and Difficulties Questionnaire (SDQ) across parental mental health in a sample (N = 20,765) of parents of children aged 3 to 17years in France. Confirmatory factor analysis (CFA) and Exploratory Structural Equation Modelling (ESEM) were used to evaluate the fit of three known alternative SDQ factor structures (five, three, or second-order factor structures). Invariance was tested across parental mental health (present anxiety and depressive symptoms, psychiatric history) and across socio-demographic characteristics (child's age, child's gender, parent's gender, parent's educational level). CFA models showed a poor fit, while all ESEM models achieved acceptable or good fit, with the five-factor model presenting the best fit. Invariance was observed for all characteristics tested, indicating that the SDQ can be used to study the links between parental mental health and their child's mental health without bias. However, ESEM showed that the hyperactivity/inattention and conduct problems dimensions were not well differentiated in the French version of the SDQ.

The effect of childhood trauma on depression in college students: A moderated mediation model

ObjectiveChildhood trauma is considered as a critical risk factor for depression. Although many studies have investigated the pathway of Childhood trauma to depression, especially the mediating or moderating effects of cognitive emotion regulation strategies or neuroticism or stress perception, the results were inconsistent and the underlying psychological mechanisms of depression remain unclear. This study aims to explore the influence and mechanism of childhood trauma on depression in college students, and establish a full model among these interactive factors. Methods1272 college students were surveyed using the childhood trauma questionnaire (CTQ), short version of center for epidemiologic studies depression scale (CES-D), Chinese perceived stress scale (CPSS), neuroticism extraversion openness five-factor inventory (NEO-FFI), and the Cognitive Emotion Regulation Questionnaire (CERQ). Results(1) Childhood trauma, neuroticism, stress perception, and maladaptive cognitive emotion regulation strategies were all significantly and positively correlated with depression among college students; (2) Stress perception and neuroticism act as a chain mediator between childhood trauma and depression in college students. (3) Maladaptive cognitive emotion regulation strategies play a moderating role in “childhood trauma-neuroticism-depression”. ConclusionChildhood trauma increases the risk of depression in college students by affecting neuroticism and stress perception, and high levels of maladaptive cognitive emotion regulation strategies link neuroticism and enhance the effect of childhood trauma on depression in college students.

The Swedish version of the Alabama parenting questionnaire: Psychometric evaluation and norm data.

The Alabama parenting questionnaire (APQ) is a commonly used instrument for assessing parenting practices and evaluating treatment outcomes of parent-training interventions targeting child conduct problems. In the present study we translated and developed a Swedish version of the APQ parent version and tested it on a community sample of 799 parents of children between 6 and 15 years with diverse socioeconomic backgrounds. Data were collected through an online survey distributed through school newsletters and social media. Exploratory factor analysis (EFA) suggested a five-factor model with 23 items. Four of these factors correspond to the subscales suggested in the original version of the APQ: inconsistent discipline, poor monitoring, involvement, and positive parenting. The fifth subscale from the original APQ, corporal punishment, did not show up as a factor in our data sample. Instead, a new factor, which we refer to as contingency management, was revealed. A confirmatory factor analysis further suggested some misalignment between the original APQ subscale structure and our sample, which we interpret as a signal that the instrument may need refinement to better reflect contemporary parenting methods in diverse cultural contexts. Despite this limitation, and with the exclusion of the corporal punishment subscale, which should be employed judiciously, our results suggest that the Swedish version of the APQ can be a useful instrument in measuring parenting practices in Sweden. We present norm data stratified by child age, which practitioners and researchers can use as a reference for assessment of parenting practices in the Swedish population.

Lottery factor and stock returns: Evidence from India

This study examines important aspects of lottery behavior in India using data from December 2001 to March 2021. We experiment with a new measure of lottery along with well-established measures. Our lottery measure focusing on more recent information is found to be appropriate for India. MAX has a unique role in predicting returns that is not subsumed by other risk measures. We find MAX, skewness, tail risk, and idiosyncratic volatility as relevant characteristics of lottery stocks. Using these, we construct a lottery factor representing investors’ risk-seeking behavior. This behavior is an outcome of mis-weighing probability of extreme gains or losses and leads to overreaction to attention-catching events. We augment the Fama-French five-factor model with our lottery factor. Our six-factor behavioral asset pricing framework is found to be an appropriate performance benchmark. Lottery behavior is mainly the result of retail investor actions and is linked to several behavioral biases.

Preliminary validation of the Mental Health Test in a psychiatric sample

To assist psychiatrists and clinical psychologists to assess their patients’ psychological immune competence-based capacities and resources, depending on the mental health disorder diagnosis and the severity of the symptoms, the present study examined the psychometric properties of the Mental Health Test in a psychiatric sample. The research was carried out in four Hungarian healthcare facilities using a cross-sectional design. A total of 331 patients (140 male, 188 female, and 3 who preferred not to disclose their gender) completed the Mental Health Test, six well-being and mental health measures, and the Symptom Checklist-90. Psychiatrists and clinical psychologists reported the mental disorder status of each participant. Confirmatory factor analysis showed a good fit of the five-factor model to the data for the clinical version of the Mental Health Test (CFI = 0.972, RMSEA = 0.034). High internal consistency coefficients (α: 0.70–0.84; ω: 0.71–0.85) and excellent external and content validity were reported. The test is not sensitive to sociodemographic indicators but is sensitive to the correlates of well-being and to the symptoms of different types of mental disorders. Our preliminary findings suggest that the Mental Health Test is a suitable measure for assessing mental health capacities and resources in psychiatric samples.

Correlation between Parenting Styles and Big Five Personality of Adolescents

Personality is one of the development tasks of adolescents that happened during transition to adulthood. One of the popular theories of personality is Big Five Personality. Parenting styles is one of the factors that affect personality on adolescents. This study aims to see the relationship between parenting styles and big five personality in adolescents. This study uses quantitative methods with accidental sampling technique. Total of participants in this study was 202 adolescents. The instrument that used in this study was the Parenting Styles and Dimensions Questionnaire (PSDQ) to measure parenting styles and Big Five Inventory (BFI) to measure big five personality. This study uses the Spearman correlation test technique with the results that authoritative parenting has a positive and significant relationship with openness to experience (0.157 p&lt;0.05), conscientiousness (0.229 p&lt;0.01), extraversion (0.216 p&lt;0.01), and agreeableness (0.203 p&lt;0.01) and had a negative and significant relationship with neuroticism (-0.265 p&lt;0.001). The results of authoritarian parenting have a positive and significant relationship with neuroticism (0.038 p&lt;0.05). This shows that the more parents apply authoritative parenting, the more dominant openness to experience, conscientiousness, extraversion, and agreeableness personality traits on adolescents. On the other hand, the more parents apply authoritarian parenting, the more dominant the neuroticism personality trait is.

Volatility and Herding Bias on ESG Leaders’ Portfolios Performance

We here analyze the factor loadings given by the CAPM, the Fama–French three (FF3), and the five-factor model (FF5), and test the performance and the validity of adding two more factors (volatility and dispersion of returns) to the FF5 factor model of European index-based ESG leaders’ portfolios. Our ESG leaders’ portfolios generated significant negative alphas during 2012–2022, corroborating the literature’s negative argument. The negative abnormal returns of ESG leaders’ portfolios are homogeneous across the three ESG pillars. We conclude that European ESG leaders’ portfolios are biased toward large cap and value stocks with robust operating profitability and against aggressive investments. As robustness tests, we examine Global ESG leaders’ index-based portfolios, producing the same results but with reduced importance in some loading factors like profitability and investment strategy. Furthermore, we deduced that European and Global ESG leaders’ portfolios tilt towards volatility and herding bias.

Prosocial Behaviour Towards Victims of Road Accidents: Examining Personality, Gender and Traumatic Experience

As Ebonyi State develops into a city with the attendant population growth and increasing motor traffic, the category of residents that can form part of the road safety network should be of great concern. The study investigated the strengths of personality, gender and traumatic experience as predictors of prosocial behaviour among motorists in Abakaliki, Ebonyi State. One hundred and ninety-nine (199) road users in Abakaliki, Ebonyi State, participated in the study. Participants were randomly drawn using a convenient sampling technique in a cross-sectional survey design. The Big-Five Personality Inventory, the Trauma History Questionnaire (THQ), and the Self-Report Altruism Scale were used for data collection. Data analysis using the multiple regression analysis revealed that some dimensions of personality (extraversion, agreeableness, conscientiousness, and openness to experience) were positively related to prosocial behaviour; gender was not significantly associated with prosocial behaviour and traumatic stress experience especially and positively predicted prosocial behaviour. The study observed that personality trait is the most significant predictor of prosocial behaviour toward road accident victims. Based on the theory of empathic altruism, we recommend aggressive and widespread education on road safety measures for all ages and establishing a civilian road safety network to complement the efforts of FRSC in Ebonyi State.