Big-Five Personality Factors Research Articles

Testing of significant changes in big-five personality factors over time in the presence and absence of memory impairment and life-related stress

This study tests whether memory impairment and perceived increases in stress due to life changes independently contribute to similar personality changes, such as increased neuroticism and decreased conscientiousness. Longitudinal data from 12,912 participants aged 50+ from the Health and Retirement Study (2006–2020) were analyzed using Latent Growth Curve Models (LGCMs). Six LGCMs were simultaneously estimated to examine how changes in personality across three data points spanning 8 years are predicted by both the classification of memory impairment (MI) statuses assessed via the Telephone Interview for Cognitive Status and estimated increases in life stress. Decreases were observed in all Big Five personality factors (B = − 0.240/− 0.510, SE = 0.085/0.089) over the 8-year period. No significant differences in personality changes were found between MI cases and non-MI cases. Increased life stress was significantly associated with a rise in neuroticism (B = 0.587, SE = 0.094) and reductions in conscientiousness, extraversion, agreeableness, and openness (B ranges from − 0.223 to − 0.497). The findings emphasize adaptive/developmental shifts in personality in response to life stress rather than neuropathological ones related to memory impairment. Clinical assessment of personality changes in mid-to-late life should first consider psychological maladaptation to situational threats and challenges.

The relationship between Big-Five personality factors, thinking style and self-efficacy among sports management students

The purpose of this study is to create a psychological profile of students in Sport Management from the National University of Physical Education annd Sports, in terms of the Big Five personality superfactors, Thinking Style (i.e. rational versus irrational beliefs) and (perceived) Efficacy and to study the degree of association between these factors. The following hypotheses were formulated: 1) There are significant correlations between the Big-Five model superfactors (Extraversion, Agreeableness, Conscientiousness, Emotional Stability and Autonomy) and Self-efficacy, in the case of Sports Management students; 2) There are significant correlations between the Big-Five model superfactors (Extraversion, Agreeableness, Conscientiousness, Emotional Stability and Autonomy) and Thinking Style: Irrational Cognitions (Demandingness in the form of ’musts’, Low Frustration Tolerance, Self-Downing and/or global evaluation, Global Score Attitudes and Beliefs) in the case of students in the Sport Management Specialization; 3)There are significant correlations between Self-Efficacy and Thinking Style (i.e. Irrational Cognitions: Demandingness in the form of ’musts’, Low frustration tolerance, Awfulizing, Self-downing and /or global evaluation, Attitudes and Beliefs Global score) in the case of Sport Management students. The participants in the research were 39 students in the Sports Management Specialization (28.21% female and 71.79% male) aged 19-23 years. The 5 Factor Personality Questionnaire (CP5F) and Attitudes and Beliefs Scale-II (ABS-II), both from the Computerized Platform for Psychological Assessment (CAS++), S.C.Cognitrom S.R.L. and the Self-Efficacy Scale (Schwarzer & Jerusalem) were applied. The correlates study led to confirmation of all three hypotheses.

The Big-Five personality factors, cognitive ability, health, and social-demographic indicators as independent predictors of self-efficacy:A longitudinal study.

This study set out to examine to what extent a set of psychological, health and socio-demographic factors are associated with self-efficacy (SE) in a large sample of over 12,000 participants over a two-year period. We were interested in the correlates of self-efficacy (criterion variable) with gender, age, education and occupation, the Big-Five personality factors and cognitive ability, as well as mental and physical health (predictor variables). Regression analyses showed that four of the Big-Five personality factors (extraversion, neuroticism, conscientiousness, and openness), cognitive ability, mental and physical health, gender, education and occupation were all significant and independent predictors of self-efficacy, accounting for 23% of the variance of the outcome variable. Personality variables, particularly Neuroticism and Conscientiousness, were the most powerful predictors of SE two years later. The implications for encouraging SE in individuals are discussed.

THE BIG-FIVE PERSONALITY FACTORS AS PREDICTORS OF OBSESSION-COMPULSION AMONG A SAMPLE OF UNIVERSITY STUDENTS FROM SUDAN

The aim of the present study was to explore the associations between the Big-Five (B-F) personality factors and obsession-compulsion. A sample of Khartoum University students was recruited (N = 547). They responded to the Arabic Big-Five Personality Inventory and the Arabic Scale of Obsession-Compulsion-Revised. Results indicated that women obtained a significantly higher mean scores than did men on agreeableness, neuroticism, and extraversion, but the size effects were small. Obsession-compulsion was significantly and positively associated with neuroticism, agreeableness, openness, conscientiousness (in men), neuroticism, and agreeableness (in women). Principal components analysis extracted two high-loaded components in both sexes and labeled: “Stable personality”, and “Psychological disorder”. Regression analysis indicated that the predictors of obsession-compulsion were neuroticism, openness (in men, R2 = .18), neuroticism, conscientiousness, and openness (in women, R2 = .23). These results refer to the associations between the B-F and obsession compulsion, particularly neuroticism. In psychotherapy, the amelioration of neuroticism may reduce symptoms of obsession-compulsion.

The stability and correlates of quality-of-life scores over five years: Findings from a British cohort

This study explored a nationally representative longitudinal data set of 5273 adults, all born in 1958, examining the stability and change of quality-of-life (QoL) over five years. It also examined the associations between QoL and a set of socio-demographic, psychological and health variables in relation to QoL at both points in time. Results showed that self-report QoL scores were fairly stable over five years (r = 0.59), though there was a statistically significant increase in the total scores of QoL between age 50 to age 55 years. Correlational analysis showed parental social status indicators (measured at birth), childhood intelligence (measured at age 11 years), educational qualifications (measured at age 33 years), occupational levels, income and health, and the Big-Five personality factors (all measured at age 50 years) were all significantly associated with adult QoL. The strongest correlate of adult QoL was self-assessed health measured five years earlier, followed by the Big-Five personality factors, education and occupation, as well as parental social status. Gender was not significantly associated with QoL at either time points. Multiple linear regression analyses showed income, health and three of the Big-Five personality factors (Extraversion, Emotional Stability, Conscientiousness) were significant and independent predictors of QoL at age 55 years. After entering the initial QoL assessed five years earlier, health, traits Extraversion and Emotional Stability and initial QoL were significant predictors of the outcome variable. The implications and limitations of this study are discussed.

The development and validation of the Mental Wellness and Illness Scale (MWIS) and its relation to the Big-Five personality factors

ABSTRACT Recent research supports the dual continuua model of mental health, i.e., the integration between the disease model or psychopathology and the psychological model or positive mental health. The aim of the present study was to develop and validate the Mental Wellness and Illness Scale (MWIS) and to explore its association with the Big-Five personality factors. A sample of 1418 Egyptian college students (618 men and 800 women) took part in this study. They responded, in Arabic to the MWIS. It consists of 20 brief items in two subscales (10 for mental health and 10 for mental illness). The scale has acceptable to good internal consistency, and criterion-related validity. Two high-loaded components were extracted and labelled “Mental health” and “Mental illness”. Their inter-correlation was significant but modest. Gender differences were significant: men obtained the higher mean score on mental health, whereas women had the higher mean score on mental illness. The Mental Health Subscale scores were significantly correlated with extraversion, agreeableness, openness conscientiousness (positively), and neuroticism (negatively) for both sexes. The Mental Illness Subscale score was significantly associated with neuroticism (positively) and extraversion (negatively) in both men and women. The MWIS has Arabic and English equivalent versions. Based on its good psychometric characteristics, the MWIS is recommended to assess the dual continuum model of mental health.

Risk capacity and investment priority as moderators in the relationship between big-five personality factors and investment behavior: a conditional moderated moderated-mediation model.

This paper aims to explore the relationship between big-five personality traits and investment behavior, particularly in the Indian context. Riding on the theory of planned behavior (TPB), we built a multi-layered moderated moderated-mediation model exploring the complex relationships between personality traits, investment attitude, and investment strategy. We collected data from 934 respondents from the southern part of India and analyzed using the Hayes (2018) PROCESS macros to test the hypotheses. The results indicate that (i) Personality traits (extraversion, emotional stability, conscientiousness, agreeableness, and openness to experience) are positively related to investment attitude and investment strategy, (ii) Investment attitude is positively related to investment strategy, (iii) Risk capacity moderates the relationship between personality traits and investment attitude, and (iv) Investment priority (second moderator) moderates the moderated relationship between personality traits, risk capacity (first moderator), and investment strategy mediated through investment attitude. Finally, the implications for behavioral finance and practicing managers are discussed.

Big-Five Personality Factors and Gender Differences in Egyptian College Students

The objective of the present study was to estimate gender differences among a sample of Egyptian college students (N = 2,188, age 20.3 ± 2.5 years). They responded to the Arabic Big-Five Personality Inventory (ABFPI). This inventory has acceptability to high internal consistency, temporal stability, and criterion-related validity. Based on the t test, all gender differences were statistically significant. Based on effect size (d), gender differences were significant in three out of the five factors as follows: Men obtained significantly higher mean total scores than women on Extraversion and Openness, whereas women had a significantly higher mean total score on Neuroticism than did their male peers. However, all the d values were small. It was concluded that gender differences in personality factors are real but small.

Developing a Revised Version of the Arabic Big Five Personality Inventory Using Item Response Theory

The primary aim of this study was to use item response theory (IRT) to develop a revised version of the Arabic Big Five Personality Inventory (ABFPI-30 items) that can be used to assess the big-five personality factors in Arab samples. A convenience sample of Egyptian college students took part in this study (N = 1,418). Results indicate that the scores from the revised version (25 items) highly correlate with the scores from the original version, and the item parameters of the revised version were better than the original version. Furthermore, results from the current study showed that the Test Information Function (TIF) was not significantly lower than the original one. Across the five dimensions of the ABFPI there were trivial differences among the TIF of the original and revised version. It was concluded that the revised ABFPI-25 has good psychometric properties. Because this inventory was written in standard (not slang) Arabic, it would be suitable for assessing personality in any Arab country. Furthermore, its English version deserves a trial with an English-speaking population. Keywords: Big Five, Item response theory, Neuroticism, Extraversion, Agreeableness, Openness, Conscientiousness

Autonomous Sensory Meridian Response

Abstract. Autonomous Sensory Meridian Response (ASMR) is a pleasurable, tingling sensation induced by exposure to specific, audio-visual triggers, producing feelings of relaxation and euphoria. This article examines the relationship between ASMR propensity using a recently developed self-report measure (ASMR-15), Big-Five personality factors, and sensory-processing sensitivity (SPS), in a general population. Thus far, the ASMR-15 has only been validated on self-selected ASMR-specific samples, and so it is yet to be determined whether the measure may be adapted to assess ASMR in a non-specialized sample. To address this, N = 187 undergraduate psychology students were recruited for a survey study. ASMR was related to greater Openness and SPS, and lower Conscientiousness. A confirmatory factor analysis was undertaken on the ASMR-15, largely replicating the factor structure previously demonstrated. As a result, the ASMR-15 may be useful for researchers interested in further exploring ASMR experiences in both specialized and non-specialized samples.

The Association of Glomerular Filtration Rate with Coronary Artery Disease in Type 2 Diabetic Patients

Objective: Diabetes mellitus is a chronic illness and adherence to medications is vital to manage the illness. The purpose of this study was to examine the prediction of medication adherence based on personality factors in a group of individuals with type 2 diabetes in Yasuj. Materials and Methods: One hundred twenty individuals with type 2 diabetes who visited health centers were selected for this study through convenience sampling. The participants completed the NEO-Five Factor Inventory and Medication Adherence Rating Scale (MARS). The data were analyzed by mean, standard deviation, and multiple regression analysis using SPSS software. Results: The results showed that among the big-five personality factors, only neuroticisms significantly predicted adherence to medications (β= -0.31, P-value< 0.003). Furthermore, the model explained only 19% of the variance in medication adherence (R2= 0.19, P-value< 0.01). Conclusion: This study indicated that a large proportion of patients with type 2 diabetes did not adhere to their medications. This study highlighted that the personality trait of neuroticism was important in predicting medication adherence in patients with type 2 diabetes.

Predicting Medication Adherence Based on Personality Characteristics in Individuals with Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus

Objective: Diabetes mellitus is a chronic illness and adherence to medications is vital to manage the illness. The purpose of this study was to examine the prediction of medication adherence based on personality factors in a group of individuals with type 2 diabetes in Yasuj. Materials and Methods: One hundred twenty individuals with type 2 diabetes who visited health centers were selected for this study through convenience sampling. The participants completed the NEO-Five Factor Inventory and Medication Adherence Rating Scale (MARS). The data were analyzed by mean, standard deviation, and multiple regression analysis using SPSS software. Results: The results showed that among the big-five personality factors, only neuroticisms significantly predicted adherence to medications (β= -0.31, P-value< 0.003). Furthermore, the model explained only 19% of the variance in medication adherence (R2= 0.19, P-value< 0.01). Conclusion: This study indicated that a large proportion of patients with type 2 diabetes did not adhere to their medications. This study highlighted that the personality trait of neuroticism was important in predicting medication adherence in patients with type 2 diabetes.

Minimal Social Interactions with Strangers Predict Greater Subjective Well-Being

Past empirical work has repeatedly revealed that positive social interactions including expressing gratitude and socializing are associated with greater happiness. However, this work predominantly focused on prolonged interactions with close relationship partners. Only a few studies demonstrated hedonic benefits of forming social connections with strangers. The present research investigated whether minimal social interactions with strangers—just taking a moment to greet, thank, and express good wishes to strangers—contribute to happiness of individuals who initiate these interactions. Study 1 (N = 856) provided correlational evidence that commuters who reported engaging in minimal positive social interactions with shuttle drivers experienced greater subjective well-being (life satisfaction and positive affect). Moreover, hedonic benefits of positive social interactions went beyond relatively more neutral social interactions, Big-Five personality factors, and age, speaking to the robustness of the effect. Study 2 (N = 265) provided experimental evidence that commuters who greeted, thanked, or expressed good wishes to shuttle drivers experienced greater momentary positive affect than those who did not speak with drivers. These findings add to the burgeoning literature on hedonic benefits of interacting with strangers by showing that even very minimal social interactions with strangers contribute to subjective well-being in everyday life.

대학생의 그릿 군집 유형에 따른 성격 5요인, 학업적응 및 심리적 안녕감의 차이

Objects: The purpose of this study was to examine the differences of college students’ big-five personality factors, academic adaptation, and psychological well-being according to cluster types based on the grit. Methods: The participants of this study were 190 college students. All variables were evaluated by self-report of college students. The data were analyzed by one-way ANOVA and two-step clustering statistics using SPSS 21.0. Results: First, a cluster analysis on a sample of 190 college students revealed four clusters: the more highly grit group, higher tenacity group, higher consistency of interests, and the less grit group. Second, there were significant differences of 190 college students’ big five personality factors, academic adaptation, and psychological well-being according to cluster types based on the grit. Conclusions: These findings can be used as an important contribution to further research and educational practices for promoting the grit in college students. Also it suggests the need for health education to increase the psychological well-being of college students.

Predicting the Cyberbullying Perpetrators' Behavior of Secondary Stage Students In the light of The Big-five Personality Factors

Predicting the Cyberbullying Perpetrators' Behavior of Secondary Stage Students In the light of The Big-five Personality Factors

Does the Brief Resilience Scale actually measure resilience and succumbing? Comparing artefactual and substantive models

ABSTRACT Objective: The Brief Resilience Scale (BRS) is a relatively new and increasingly used measure of resilience. Despite its popularity, evidence regarding its unitary factor structure has been equivocal. The aim of this study was to examine whether the BRS should be operationalised as a single or dual factor model and further test the validity of the scale. Method: A sample of 288 adults (mean age = 34 years) completed an online survey measuring resilience, the Big-Five personality traits, positive and negative affect, perceived stress, and life satisfaction. Results: Confirmatory factor analysis demonstrated that a single-factor model that accounted for method effects within the negatively worded items had the best fit to the data. Additionally, no evidence of a dual factor structure was found using discriminant, construct and criterion validity markers of the Big-Five, life satisfaction, perceived stress or positive and negative affect. Results also demonstrated moderate to strong positive relationships between the BRS and measures of psychological wellbeing. Finally, the BRS was positively related to all Big-Five personality factors with the exception of a strong negative relationship with neuroticism. Discussion: The current findings support the conceptualisation of the BRS as a unidimensional measure of resilience. Moreover, the study lends further support to validity of the BRS as a brief measure of resilience through demonstrating expected relationships with markers of wellbeing and the Big-Five personality factors.

Information exchange in social networks for health care

PurposeThis paper aims to uncover the predictors of information exchange in social networking for health (SNH) care.Design/methodology/approachUsing two national studies of consumers in the USA, this research examines how trust and social connections influence information exchange. The empirical analyses use a two-stage estimation approach and structural equation modeling.FindingsThe results show that higher trust encourages information getting, while social connections encourage information giving. In contrast to previous findings, this study shows that trust does not affect information giving when social connections are included in the model.Research limitations/implicationsThis study focuses on the role of trust and social connections in predicting information exchange in SNH. Research on general social media use has explored the role of personalities in predicting use. While this study controls for demographic variables that correlate strongly with personality types that are significant predictors, future research can determine which of the big-five personality factors correlate with information exchange. While social media usage has been steadily increasing from 2005 to 2015, the authors are unable to track changes in social media activities in healthcare over time as this study uses cross-sectional data. Future research can use panel data that can track these changes.Practical implicationsFirst, managers of social networks can encourage individuals with expansive networks to share their stories, as they are more likely to offer information. Second, they need to build the trust of individuals before fully reaping the benefits of SNH. This issue is especially critical for SNH if medical practitioners and public health officials need to use SNH as a communication channel. Third, medical practitioners and public health officials may need to intervene when misinformation is prevalent in SNH.Social implicationsHealth-care providers and public health officials informed of information exchange predictors can modify their strategies in enacting health-related policies.Originality/valueThis research is the first to explore the links between trust, social connections and information exchange in SNH care. This research contributes to existing knowledge by identifying the important roles of trust and social connections and separate routes that these constructs influence information exchange.

The Big-Five personality factors, mental health, and social-demographic indicators as independent predictors of gratification delay

This paper reports on a study testing over 12,000 adults. We were interested in the correlates of gratification delay (GD) (as criterion variable) with gender, age, education and occupation, the Big-Five personality factors, and mental health (as predictor variables). Correlations and regressions showed that all the Big-Five personality factors, mental health, and a set of socio-demographic variables were significant and independent predictors of GD, accounting for 19% of the total variance of the outcome variable. As predicted, Conscientiousness was the strongest correlate. The implications of these findings are discussed along with the limitations of this research.

Are you a “bad driver” all the time? Insights from a weekly diary study on personality and dangerous driving behavior

Research concerning dangerous driving behavior has often favored studying inter-individual differences at the expense of intra-individual ones (especially when verifying its associations with personality factors). Using a 7 weeks diary approach, we aimed at exploring the intra-individual variation of dangerous driving behavior (Errors, Violations and Aggressive driving). Also, we verified if our outcomes could be predicted by both situational variables (weekly km, felt traffic pressure and traffic mood) and dispositional ones (Big-Five personality factors, age and gender). Our findings revealed that Violations, Verbal & Physical aggression and Vehicle aggression had similar intra- to inter-individual variation ratios, with approximately 45% of variance at the intra-individual level. In contrast, Errors had only about 30% of variance at the intra-individual level. Traffic mood was the only significant intra-individual predictor, negatively correlating with all outcomes. Excepting Agreeableness, all personality factors were related to at least one dangerous driving behavior (especially consistent for the association between Extraversion and Aggressive driving). Also, women reported lower levels than men on all outcomes but Errors. Overall, this study raises some questions about the assumed stability of driving behavior, while at the same time confirming several relational patterns between personality factors and dangerous driving.

The change and stability of NEO scores over six-years: A British study and a short review

This study investigated the change and stability of the Big-Five personality factors measured on a short scale. Fifteen similar studies using longer instruments were reviewed. In this study 7554 participants aged between 16 and 92 years completed a short 15 item FFM inventory twice six years apart in a large British sample. As expected, Agreeableness, Conscientiousness, and Extroversion significantly increased, whereas Neuroticism significantly decreased, and Openness remained essentially the same over the time period. Participants were divided into six age groups and the results were broadly similar. Correlational analysis showed all five personality factors were considerably stable over six years after controlling for gender and age (r = 0.47 to r = 0.60, p < .001). Implications and limitations of using short scales particularly problems of measurement invariance, are acknowledged.