Biggest City Of Turkey Research Articles

Travelling with pets… or not

Purpose- This study aims to evaluate a mostly overlooked part of tourism literature: the place of pets in pet owners' travel planning process and travelling. In this sense, the purpose of this qualitative study is to explore Turkish pet owners' perceptions of travelling with pets, and the reasons behind their willingness and unwillingness to take their pets on leisure trips. This exploratory study aims to examine factors affecting pet owners' willingness to travel with their pets, to understand their perceptions of travelling with their pets, to explore reasons behind the unwillingness to have holidays with their pets and to examine difficulties of making holiday plans as pet owners. Methodology- This exploratory research was conducted in the form of semi-structured and in-depth interviews with 52 pet owners in three big cities of Turkey (Istanbul, Ankara, and Izmir). Participants of the study were selected according to the principles of criterion sampling and theory-guided sampling, which are purposive sampling methods. Conceptual analysis as a category of content analysis was employed to code the findings and identify emerging themes. Findings- The willingness and decisions about participating in leisure and tourism activities with pets are determined by the bond between pet and owner, the value attached to the pet, and the pet's role in the family. Pet owners' demographic profiles and characteristics of their pets determine the type of pet ownership and also affect all decisions made about pets such as participating in leisure activities with pets and travelling with pets. The participants with higher emotional attachment to their pets had more willingness to take their pets with them on holiday. Pet owners’ decisions about taking their pets on holiday with them are affected by some constraints stemming from their pets, themselves, or other conditions. Conclusion- The results provide an understanding of pet owners’ travel planning and travel experience including pet-related constraints, negotiation strategies of pet owners, and pet owners' willingness and unwillingness to travel with their pets. Keywords: Pets, travelling with pets, tourism consumer, constraints-negotiation model, attachment theory JEL Codes: D10, L83, M31

Prevalence of Carpal Tunnel Syndrome Symptoms Among Young Dentists.

Objectives Although age is a risk factor, carpal tunnel syndrome (CTS) can also affect younger individuals, particularly those involved in activities or occupations that require repetitive hand movements, forceful gripping, or prolonged wrist flexion/extension. This case-control study aimed to examine the prevalence of CTS symptoms and frequent object dropping among a group of young dentists who are exposed to CTS risk factors. Additionally, other reported risk factors for CTS, such as sex, obesity, and square wrist sign, were also investigated. Methods A total of 74 dentists (48 women, mean age 28.5 years), who are working at Istanbul Faculty of Dentistry, the largest dental school in Istanbul, which is the biggest city in Turkey, were included in the study. Additionally, 61 age- and sex-matched controls (38 women, mean age 27.9 years) were also recruited. The Edinburgh Hand Preference Questionnaire, Boston Carpal Tunnel Syndrome Questionnaire (BCTQ), a questionnaire for object dropping and occupational hand usage, anthropometric measurements of the hands, clinical neurologic examination, and electromyography intended for the detection of CTS were performed. Results The dentists had a higher total weekly hand usage duration compared to the controls (66.3 vs 44.8 hours, p<0.001). BCTQ scores and the frequency of object dropping were also significantly higher in dentists compared to controls (respective p values: 0.011, 0.003). Positive correlations were found between BCTQ scores, hand usage durations, and object dropping (respective p values: 0.001, <0.001). BCTQ scores were higher in women than in men (p=0.027). Electrophysiologic evidence of CTS was found in one dentist. Conclusions Symptoms of CTS may manifest in individuals at a younger age than predicted, primarily influenced by their occupation and the duration of hand usage. Dentists, in particular, report a higher incidence of complaints related to object dropping, which can be attributed to their frequent use of specialized tools and engagement in delicate tasks, resulting in heightened awareness. However, it can also potentially serve as an indicator of CTS.

Acquiescence of UNESCO Cultural Heritage and Acoustic Environments: Assessment of Hanlar District

Several natural and historical areas around the world are listed as UNESCO Cultural Heritage Sites. Hanlar District, located in Bursa, is the fourth biggest city in Turkey, its history includes the Ottoman, Roman, and Byzantine Empires, and it is an area with unique environmental features that represent various historical periods. Scholars at institutions worldwide have already recognized that such an environment has unique characteristics, and so local authorities should preserve the soundscape of the district as the sounds reflect the urban identity of the city. This study aims to evaluate the sounds of this unique district and recommends ways to preserve the historical and cultural heritage of the site in terms of its sounds. After collecting more than seven hundred pieces of data on sound pressure levels (SPLs) at twenty-one locations, the SPLs were statistically analyzed (an ANOVA was used for different time intervals, and a t-test was used for different days). Noon and weekend measurements varied among the sites, and these variations were statistically significant. Furthermore, the SPLs were above the WHO’s suggested levels. The study findings show the importance of reducing sounds to create better acoustic environments. The local government should include all stakeholders, including residents, employees, and urban designers, in participatory approaches and action plans to preserve the sounds of cultural heritage sites.

A Qualıtatıve Research On The Socıal Lıfe Of Houseless Indıvıduals: “The Case Of Turkey”

Evsizlik sorunu Dünyada bütün toplumlarda görülen sosyal bir mesele haline gelmiştir. Özellikle Batıda evsizlik sorununun çözümlenebilmesi için bilimsel alanda birçok proje ve araştırma bulunmaktadır. Türkiye’de özellikle büyük şehirlerde etkisi giderek artan evsizlik olgusu üzerine yapılan araştırmalar üç il ile sınırlıdır. Araştırmaların farklı disiplinler düzeyinde yaygınlaştırılması gerekmektedir. Evsizlik olgusunun anlaşılabilmesi için kadın, erkek, çocuk, genç, yetişkin, yaşlı evsizliği üzerine bilimsel çalışmalar yapılmalıdır. Bu araştırmada Türkiye’de yapılan tez düzeyindeki çalışmalar doküman analizi kapsamında değerlendirilmiştir. Değerlendirmeler sonucunda evsizliğin temel sebeplerinin aile temelli ilişkiler ile ekonomi temelli sorunlar olduğu anlaşılmıştır. Yapılan çalışmaların sınırlı olması evsizliğin sosyal bağlamının anlaşılmasını da zorlaştırmaktadır. Evsizlik sorununun giderek artan sosyal bir mesele olmasının önlenmesi için evsizlik çalışmalarının yaygınlaştırılması gerekmektedir.

The Evaluation of Blood Alcohol Concentration of Drivers Involved in Traffic Accidents or Suspected for Alcohol in The Roadside Controls in Four Big Cities of Turkey

The Evaluation of Blood Alcohol Concentration of Drivers Involved in Traffic Accidents or Suspected for Alcohol in The Roadside Controls in Four Big Cities of Turkey

Social Media as a Dialogical Communication Tool: Izmir Metropolitan Municipality Example

Social media platforms enable organizations to deliver their messages to their target audiences much faster and more economically than traditional media channels. This new communication area also offers corporations unique opportunities by providing a dialogue-based communication opportunity with their stakeholders. The aim of this study is to examine how the social media accounts of İzmir Metropolitan Municipality, the third biggest city of Turkey, is used in terms of dialogical communication. Within this context, the article discusses how much the official social media accounts of İzmir Metropolitan Municipality include dialogic principles and how much dialogic communication with followers is achieved. Within the framework of the dialogical communication criteria developed by Kent and Taylor (1998), quantitative content analysis was carried out for the Twitter, Instagram, and Facebook accounts of the said municipality. The social media accounts of the municipality with a high follower rate were found to be successful in dialogic principles that usefulness of information, ensuring revisits, ease of interface and keeping visitors. However, the communication with the followers was found insufficient in Twitter in terms of the dialogic loop principle, and unsuccessful in Facebook and Instagram. The fact that the social media accounts of the İzmir Metropolitan Municipality are not supportive of the dialogue gives the corporation a negative image. For this reason, it is of great importance for the corporation to fulfill the principle of the dialogical loop as soon as possible.

THE CONTRIBUTION OF SME DEVELOPMENT ORGANIZATION ON EXPORT: REGIONAL EXAMPLE

In this study, the effects of KOSGEB subsidies on the foreign trade of SMEs were examined and the actions necessary to be taken by KOSGEB (SME Development Organization in Turkey) were emphasized. In the study, T test, ANOVA test and TUKEY tests were used and the study was conducted in Gaziantep, which is the 6th biggest city in Turkey. According to the results, companies’ problems are accessing markets, financial problems, qualified personnel, language, and high personnel, raw material and production costs. Carrying out activities by KOSGEB such as market research, finding customers, providing financial support, contribution to qualified personnel salary, encouraging and supporting R&amp;D activities, and providing consultancy are very important to solve the problems.

The Comparison Of Partial Least Squares Regression, Principal Component Regression And Ridge Regression With Multiple Linear Regression For Predicting Pm10 Concentration Level Based On Meteorological Parameters

Air pollution shows itself as a serious problem in big cities in Turkey, especially for winter seasons. Particulate atmospheric pollution in urban areas is considered to have significant impact on human health. Therefore, the ability to make accurate predictions of particulate ambient concentrations is important to improve public awareness and air quality management. Ambient PM10 (i.e particulate diameter less than 10um in size) pollution has negative impacts on human health and it is influenced by meteorological conditions. In this study, partial least squares regression, principal component regression, ridge regression and multiple linear regression methods are compared in modeling and predicting daily mean PM10 concentrations on the base of various meteorological parameters obtained for the city of Ankara, in Turkey. The analysed period is February 2007. The results show that while multiple linear regression and ridge regression yield somewhat better results for fitting to this dataset, principal component regression and partial least squares regression are better than both of them in terms of prediction of PM10 values for future datasets. In addition, partial least squares regression is the remarkable method in terms of predictive ability as it has a close performance with principal component regression even with less number of factors.

The mediational role of intimate partner acceptance and psychological adjustment in the relationship between intimate partner control and marital adjustment

Grounded in Interpersonal Acceptance-Rejection Theory (IPARTheory), this exploratory study investigated the associations among perceived intimate partner rejection, intimate partner control, psychological maladjustment, and marital adjustment. Perceived behavioral control in intimate partner relationships has been under-researched within the context of IPARTheory. Although the role of behavioral control in child/adolescent-parent relationships has been well-established, insufficient exploration of the phenomenon in marriage relationships calls for new empirical findings. The conveniently selected sample consisted of 624 (360 female, 264 male) married individuals living in big cities of Turkey. Intimate Partner Acceptance-Rejection/Control Questionnaire, Personality Assessment Questionnaire, Dyadic Adjustment Scale, and Demographic Form were utilized to gather data. Structural Equation Modeling was utilized as the primary analysis to test the proposed sequential mediational model of the study. The results indicated that intimate partner behavioral control was significantly and indirectly associated with marital adjustment through the mediating effects of intimate partner rejection and psychological maladjustment. Moreover, intimate partner rejection had direct effects on psychological maladjustment and marital adjustment. The indirect effect of intimate partner rejection on marital adjustment via the mediation of psychological maladjustment was found to be significant. Lastly, the sequential mediation by intimate partner rejection and psychological maladjustment in the relationship between intimate partner control and marital adjustment was also significant. This study adds to the existing literature on IPARTheory by showing that perceived intimate partner behavioral control is quite negatively related to marital adjustment. Results underscore how perceived behavioral control by a spouse triggers rejection and diminishes the psychological adjustment of the controlled partner.

Development and assessment of a biomass-based cogeneration system with desalination

In this study, a hythane based cogeneration system integrated with multi-effect desalination, reverse osmosis, gasification and digestion subsystems is proposed to provide electricity and freshwater using biomass sources. The system is analyzed for various wastes to compare their performance in terms of environment, energy, and exergy. The parametric studies are conducted for the ambient temperature and the hydrogen fraction in hythane. Biomass-based energy systems are employed to produce electricity, heat, and freshwater while providing an effective solution to disposal of the wastes. In Istanbul, which is the biggest city in Turkey, a total of 6.75 million tons of municipal wastes is collected and treated every year. The overall energy and exergy efficiencies of the integrated system are calculated as 37.04% and 19.78%, respectively. Here, 2.498 kg/s of municipal solid waste and 0.1314 kg/s of olive oil waste are utilized to generate 4.49 MW electricity by a steam turbine and 92.29 kg/s freshwater by multi-effectdesalination and reverse osmosis units.

Development of a hythane based cogeneration system integrated with gasification and landfill subsystems

In this study, a hythane (which is known as a blend of methane and hydrogen) based combined cycle integrated with gasification and landfill subsystems (digesters) is proposed to provide electricity and heat for buildings. The system is analyzed for the various wastes and evaluated in terms of energy, exergy and the environmental impact. The parametric studies are conducted for the ambient temperature and fractions of hydrogen in hythane. By designing this kind of system, it is aimed to provide an effective solution to dispose of the waste. Biomass-based energy systems have many advantages in terms of energy demand and environmental issues. Not only supply heat and electricity but also dispose of wastes are very critical issues. In Istanbul, the biggest city in Turkey, more than 18,000-ton municipal waste is collected and treated per day. This enormous amount of waste needs to recover for useful outputs, such as fuels, electricity, heating, and cooling. The overall energy and exergy efficiencies of the integrated system are calculated as 76.30% and 35.17%, respectively. The required mass flow rate of 0.13 kg/s and the lower heating value of 52,153 kJ/kg hythane are calculated to generate 3.5 MW electricity and 1.52 MW heat rate to the residential area.

Particulate matter (PM10 and PM2.5) concentrations during a Saharan dust episode in Istanbul

Istanbul, the biggest city of Turkey, is in a common route for air parcels. Air pollutants are carried over the city from Asian, African, and European continents. Sahara Desert, the largest dust source on earth, affects Turkey’s air qualities substantially due to millions of tons of mineral dust being transported from the African continent towards Turkey every year. Although the effect of Saharan dust transportation on PM10 concentrations in Turkey was examined many times, its effect on PM2.5 concentrations has not been studied yet sufficiently. In February 2015, Istanbul experienced a Saharan dust episode and during this event the concentrations of particulate matter rose to very high levels. This study focuses on particulate matter concentrations (PM10 and PM2.5) during this Saharan dust episode to better understand the effect of dust transportation on Istanbul’s air quality. HYSPLIT trajectory model, satellite products, and air quality monitoring data from ground observations were utilized. We show that the PM10 concentrations increased significantly during the dust episode while PM2.5 concentrations didn’t increase considerably. There was only a slight rise in the values of PM2.5. The significant increase for the PM10 values can be explained by the higher gravitational settling velocities of coarse particles in the atmosphere.

İNTERNET SÖZLÜKLERİNDE MEKÂNSAL ÖTEKİLEŞTİRME ÜZERİNE BİR ARAŞTIRMA: EKŞİ SÖZLÜK'TE ESENYURT BAŞLIĞI ÖRNEĞİ

Türkiye’de büyük şehirlere yaşanan iç göç ile pek çok sosyo-ekonomik problem ortaya çıkmıştır. Kent yaşamına uyum sağlamakta zorlanan geniş kitleler kendi kültürel yaşamlarını yaratarak kentin sosyo-ekonomik olarak rahat kesiminden kendini soyutlamıştır. Bu soyutlanma mekâna da yansımış ve şehir yaşamı varoş ve getto kavramlarıyla tanışmıştır. İstanbul, bu mekânsal ayrışmanın en belirgin olarak yaşandığı şehirlerimizden biridir. İstanbul’un en kalabalık ilçesi olan Esenyurt, iç göç ve dış göçün getirdiği çarpık kentleşme, işsizlik ve yüksek suç oranı gibi pek çok sorunla boğuşmaktadır. İlçenin karşılaştığı bu sorunlar özellikle bu ilçeye ve bu ilçede yaşayan kitleye yönelik ötekileştirici bir algının olup olmadığı sorusunu gündeme getirir. Bu çalışmayla bu soruya yanıt aranmaktadır. Bu araştırmada ülkemizdeki popüler bir internet mecrası olan internet sözlüklerinde İstanbul’un Esenyurt ilçesine yönelik nasıl bir algının olduğu araştırılmıştır. Bu amaç doğrultusunda örneklem olarak seçilen Ekşi Sözlükteki Esenyurt başlığına girilen girdilere yönelik içerik ve söylem analizi uygulanmıştır. Analiz sonuçlarına göre Ekşi Sözlük kullanıcılarının içerik ve söylem olarak Esenyurt ilçesine ve bu ilçede yaşayan insanlara yönelik ötekileştirici bir algıya sahip oldukları görülmüştür. Ekşi Sözlük kullanıcıları, Esenyurt ilçesini çevresel sorunlarla boğuşan etnik ve dini olarak farklı, suç oranı yüksek bir yer olarak görmektedir.

Performance analysis of a solar–hydrogen driven multigeneration system

Environmental concerns have gained great attention in the last decades, especially the global warming caused by usage of fossil fuels mostly. Renewable energy sources are the most reasonable way to decreasing the fossil fuel usage as a primary source and to preventing its environmental effects. In this regard, renewable source multigeneration systems seem to be an alternative. In this paper, a solar driven multigeneration system consisting of PV/T panels, a hydrogen fueled diesel engine generator, an electrolyzer, a hydrogen compressor, a hydrogen storage tank, batteries, an air cooled chiller, a hydrogen combustor, a water storage tank, and a control systems is considered. The simulation of this system is performed through TRNSYS 18. Outputs from the proposed system are heating, cooling, electricity and hydrogen. The performance analysis is done for Izmir, which is the third biggest city in Turkey by population while the obtained results are evaluated over a period of one year.

Prevalence and risk factors for allergic rhinitis and asthma in geriatric outpatients in three big cities of Turkey

This study aimed to investigate the lifetime prevalence and risk factors for allergic rhinitis and asthma in geriatric outpatients in three big cities of our country. Elderly patients visiting geriatric outpatient clinics at university hospitals were included in this study. Two questionnaires were completed by trained investigators in face-to-face interviews of 236 people aged 65–100 years. The median age was 73.71±7.09 year, and 63% participants were female. The prevalence of allergic rhinitis and asthma was found 15.3 % (n=36) and 10.2 % (n=24), respectively. The frequency of allergic rhinitis and asthma was high in females, in those with low education levels, in city, in persons having family history of atopy and in smokers, but it wasn’t statistically significant. Allergic diseases affect the elderly as well as young people. Female sex, low educational level, smoking, and living in a city are among the important risk factors for allergic rhinitis and asthma in the elderly.

Architectural Education for Sustainable Urban Regeneration

Urban regeneration is one of the important agendas of Turkey as a developing country. Rapid urbanization problems have been causing vital social and economic problems together with physical and spatial ones especially in big cities of Turkey. Thus, national and local governments handled urban regeneration as a practical method for solution of these problems. However, they unfortunately don’t implement urban regeneration according to its real requirements. Instead, this multi-dimensional and complex process is seen as a pull down and built up operation. Considering this situation and being in awareness of the responsibilities of architects throughout urban regeneration process, the authors think that urban regeneration should be discussed in the scope of architectural education. This paper presents the purpose, the process and the products of an undergraduate architectural design studio that was undertaken at Bursa Uludağ University, Faculty of Architecture. The architectural and urban design projects of the students of which aim was to offer a livable and sustainable mixed used living environments are discussed together with their conceptual backgrounds. Putting stress on the differences between theory and practice, the conclusion introduces a critical evaluation of urban regeneration and sustainable housing concepts in Turkey.

The effect of service quality and customer satisfaction on customer loyalty

PurposeThe purpose of this paper is to investigate the impact of customer satisfaction, service quality, the perceived value of services, corporate image and corporate reputation on customer loyalty and their relationship in the Turkish banking industry. Mediation effects of the perceived value and corporate image and reputation are also studied. Understanding the relationships between the determinants of customer loyalty toward the bank helps management to use corporate image and reputation more effectively in its strategy, thus enhancing the institution’s position in the minds of consumers.Design/methodology/approachA model is proposed to explore the relationships of service quality and customer satisfaction with a perceived value and their effect on transforming the corporate image and corporate reputation into the form of customer loyalty toward the bank. A survey is designed within this framework and SEM analysis is conducted in order to study the nature of relationships between variables of interest hypothesized to affect customer behavior and customer loyalty. Mediation tests for perceived value and corporate image and reputation are also conducted.FindingsThe findings of the survey indicate that corporate image and corporate reputation can be used as a common marketing benchmark to measure a bank’s performance. The results demonstrated that customers perceive quality and satisfaction effects loyalty through perceived value, image and reputation.Research limitations/implicationsThe study was conducted in Izmir, the third biggest city of Turkey. The sample is composed of regular customers, and the sample size is enough for the study but more studies are needed to generalize the results.Practical implicationsThe results provide information to bank managers to effectively assist them to offer appropriate customer service levels sustaining satisfaction, quality and value to the customers within the transactions.Originality/valueThe paper studies the determinants of customer loyalty in the Turkish banking industry and considers the effects of corporate image and corporate reputation as measured by customer satisfaction, service quality and perceived value, on customer loyalty toward banks in Turkey. This model is not studied in bank marketing in Turkey and also in the banking literature.

DEVELOPING TOURISM IN FOÇA: VIEWS OF BACHELOR STUDENTS

Located on the Aegean Coast, Foça is the district of the third biggest city of Turkey, İzmir. This little fishing town welcomed international tourism throughout the bright years of tourism beginning from 1970s till 2000s. Foça lost its popularity and a good deal of socio-economic support of tourism through the years after the international holiday villages closed down. Today, the tourism in Foça is restricted to summer season especially by second home owners and excursionists. The people of Foça are striving for ways to revive the tourism. This study is conducted to understand the views of the students of university getting tourism education thus being a more conscious part of the society about developing tourism in Foça. The results of the qualitative analysis reveal the vulnerable sides of Foça to improve as well as its treasures to enhance. Finally, suggestions are provided for more sustainable ways of tourism development in Foça.

Measuring Solvency In The Turkish Public Transportation Industry

Financial analysis is a combined effort of knowledge and experience to obtain relevant ratios and elaborate on the results. The study is an application of financial analysis on Istanbul Public Transportation Company. As seen in the literature review section of the study public transportation companies require high subsidies by governments which is a factor to consider in the research. The research period is 2014-2016. It is a comparative study with the inclusion of Izmir – ESHOT and Ankara – EGO public transportation companies. The results are therefore compared with industry averages computed by the average of public transportation companies of three big cities in Turkey. The research is based on 7 selected ratios, 3 for measuring liquidity and the remaining 4 for measuring solvency. The ratios used in this paper are current ratio, acid test ratio, cash ratio, total debt ratio, debt equity ratio, equity multiplier, and long term debt ratio. According to the results, the companies have a very low current ratio which means they operate with low liquidity. Solvency analysis also reveal that, there are high degrees of leverage and negative shareholders’ equity. The research shows that companies might struggle to repay debts without government support

Advertising message and negative switching barrier: effects on repurchase intention and word-of-mouth

Purpose- This study researched into the impact of supply chain integration and firm performance of food retailers in Turkey. The main purpose of this study was to identify the impact of internal and external supply chain integration on firms’ business and operational performance in the food retail sector in Turkey. Methodology- Two big cities in Turkey, namely, Istanbul and Eskisehir were selected for this study due to the availability of major food retailers in these cities. Stratified sampling method was used to select respondents. In total, 216 firms were selected out of which only 208 firms responded to the questionnaire distributed. Structural Equation Model specifically Amos was used to analyse the data. Findings- The study found a positive and significant relationship between internal and external integration, and the study also found a significant and a positive relationship between internal integration and firms’ operational and business performance. On the other hand, the study also found a significant and a positive relationship between external integration and firms’ operational and business performance. Conclusion- Consequently, retailers in Turkey were admonished to practice and uphold supply chain collaboration with their suppliers and customers.