Big Buses Research Articles

KLASIFIKASI DAN VOLUME KENDARAAN BINA MARGA DARI REKAMAN VIDEO LALULINTAS DENGAN METODE ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE - YOLO V8 PADA JALAN TOL JAKARTA-BOGOR DAN JAKARTA-TANGERANG

The software helps solve things faster, e.g., Epanet software, Pipe Flow Expert, WaterCAD, SAP2000 planning software, etc. Likewise, in the field of calculating traffic volume with the development of artificial intelligence technology, using video recording, volume, and speed calculations can be done easily. At this time, the classification of traffic counting is only up to 3 (three) types of vehicles classified by YOLO V8, so in this research, the classification is added to be 6 (six) types of vehicles, namely mini cars, mobile passengers, small buses, big buses, small trucks, and large trucks, according to vehicle classification established in Indonesia. The research method is done by recording the traffic on the road and then video recording with the help of the software developed with the Python program so that the volume of the vehicle according to its classification is obtained. The result obtained from this research is compared to the manual traffic counting. The comparison between vehicle counting by the software and manual counting is mini-car 97.02%, passenger car 99.49%, small bus 96.94%, large bus 97.34%, small truck 93.21%, and large truck 97.18%.

Analysis of road accidents in two mixed industrial urban zones, using nested Poisson and Negative Binomial models

This paper identifies the variables related to road accidents, by means of nested Poisson and Negative Binomial models, for two urban zones. In zone 1, mixed-industrial land use predominates, while zone 2 is a larger area than includes zone 1 and has mainly mixed-residential land use. Zone 1 has just four road segments, zone 2 has 39 road segments.The best nested Poisson model was selected for each zone using the Stepwise Algorithm. Given that the road accidents data have over-dispersion, also Negative Binomial models were used.Results point out that, road accidents in zone 1 are related to BRT and buses, and inversely related to unitary freight trucks. In zone 2, road accidents are positive related with week of the day, rain, and big buses, and negatively related with articulated freight trucks. Week of the day has the highest estimated value, probably because traffic speeds are higher and traffic monitoring is lower on weekends. Results are useful to generate policies for reducing road accidents in urban mixed industrial zones. In order to improve estimations, other variables must be analyzed and others GLM must be proved.

Web-Based Tourism Bus Rental Web-Based Tourism Bus Rental

Advances in information technology, encourage many people to create the latest innovations for humans in disseminating information and obtaining information. Information that used to take a lot of time but in this case can be accessed in a matter of seconds we can receive the information, and it is the company's obligation to provide this information so that it can be quickly and easily accepted by all consumers. Po MWD 555 has several units and types of buses, such as big buses, medium buses, which in the provision of this type of bus will be adjusted to the needs of the tenants. Inside the bus, facilities such as air conditioning, TV, blankets and pillows are also provided so that customers feel at home and comfortable when renting a bus. In this study, the author uses the Waterfall method as the process or flow of the research to be carried out. The test results of the applications that have been made get the results that all the features and functions of the system can run according to what has been designed. In addition, the author also tested using the UAT method to get a percentage value of 96% so it can be concluded that this application can be accepted by users.

Towards a sustainable road transportation system in urban areas: A case study of Owerri, Nigeria

Urban Areas in almost all cases develop outwards from the centre. Public facilities (schools, offices, markets) are usually located at about the centre while residential abodes radiate outwards. Such development pattern necessitates road transportation movement to the centre. This paper examines strategies that can be adopted to achieve the necessary movement in a sustainable manner for these urban areas, with Owerri Nigeria as a case study. A field study was conducted to ascertain the total passenger requirement, number and mix of passenger vehicles as well as measure three main road transport-induced air pollutants. The result of the field work showed existing commuter vehicles mix of 56.2:63.7: 19.6:1.6:1 for salons, wagons, mini-buses, coaster buses and big buses respectively, of a total of 85,950 vehicles. The survey also revealed ambient air pollutants level higher than the recommended standards. A new model was developed to achieve a vehicles remix of 10:33:53: 14:1 of same vehicle types and reduction in traffic volume and target air pollutants. The analyses showed that mini-buses and coaster buses have advantage over salon cars, wagon vehicles and big buses in terms of traffic congestions and pollutants release into the environment. The two bus types have least pollutants release per passenger carried. An optimal vehicle remix, which gives higher priority to these buses has been shown to reduce congestion by 40%, Carbon monoxide by 40%, Nitrogen Dioxide by 50% and Methane by 50%. Based on the findings, it is recommended that vehicular remix of 10:33:53:14:1, for salon: wagon: mini-buses: coaster buses: big buses be adopted for Owerri commuters’ transportation need. Some policy measures were put forward to help achieve this. The measures include an outright ban on use of low-passenger-carrying vehicles for commercial purposes.

Management of road transport-induced air pollution in urban areas: A case study of Owerri, Nigeria

Environmental concerns have continued to be on the increase as human activities soar. One such environmental concern is air pollution. A major contributor to air pollution is the road transportation activities. This paper sets out to provide a management strategy for air pollution owing to road transportation in urban areas, with Owerri Nigeria as a case study. A field study was conducted in Owerri to ascertain the total passenger requirement, number and mix of passenger vehicles as well as measure three main road transport-induced air pollutants at five locations in the city. The result of the field work showed existing commuter vehicles mix of 56.2:63.7: 19.6:1.6:1 of salons, wagons, mini-buses, coaster buses and big buses respectively, of a total of 85,950 vehicles and air ambient pollutants level higher than the recommended standards. A new model was developed to achieve a remix of 10:33:53: 14:1 of same vehicle types and reduction in traffic volume and target air pollutants. The analyses show that mini-buses and coaster buses have advantage over salon cars, wagon vehicles and big buses in terms of traffic congestions and pollutants release into the environment. The two bus types could be said to have least pollutants release per passenger carried. An optimal vehicle remix, which gives higher priority to these buses have been shown to reduce congestion by 40%, Carbon monoxide by 40%, Nitrogen Dioxide by 50% and Methane by 50%. It therefore recommends that vehicular remix of 10:33:53: 14:1, for salon: wagon: mini-buses: coaster buses: big buses be adopted for Owerri commuters’ transportation need. It concludes that governments should adopt economic instruments embedded in a “push and pull” strategy, leveraging on disincentive and incentive measures to skew road transportation to the use of mini and coaster buses as a deliberate means of reducing air pollution in cities.

Criminal Activities and Road Accidents in Nigerian Transport Industry

The frequent cases of road crashes have been attributed to human factors including crime-related activities. High level of crime may affect road transportation in many ways. For instance, criminals can engage in highway robbery by attacking passengers in big buses and private cars on intercity or interstate transport services. While few studies have examined this phenomenon in developed countries, little or nothing is known in developing countries. This study contributes to the literature by examine the effect of crime rate on road accidents in Nigeria for the period of 1986–2016. Using ARDL technique, it documents that criminal activities have positive and significant effect on road crashes in Nigeria. This result also persists when the study introduces other cointegrating regression techniques such as FMOLS, DOLS and CCR. We show that crime is one of the leading factors that cause road crashes in Nigeria. Consequently, it becomes crucial for Nigerian governments’ agencies to develop an effective method of reducing these hazards.

Analisa Probabilitas Perpindahan Moda Transportasi Dari Bus Ke Kereta Api Rute Medan-Kotapinang Menggunakan Metode Stated Preference

The construction of railway line between Rantau Prapat and Kotapinang is expected to ease transportation process from Medan to Kotapinang, which could improve economic activities and become the alternative solution to make a trip. At the moment, existing public transport that covers this route is strictly limited to only medium or big buses. This research aims to identify the characteristic of trip maker and also to analyze the probability of mode shifting from bus to train for the mentioned trip. We use stated preference survey questionnaire, and it was distributed to random minimul sample needed. In order to obtain the utility function of the trip maker, the obtained data was then modeled in binomial logit method using SPSS statistical software. Tthe analyzed attributes difference (Δ) are trip cost difference (ΔX1), waiting time difference (ΔX2), travel time difference (ΔX3). The generated model has 0.114 of R2, and the probability of shifting from bus to train is 31.93% if the trip cost difference was Rp. 30.000. Meanwhile, the probability of shifting is 50.15% if the waiting time difference was less then 30 minutes. Lastly, the probability of shifting is 57.96% if the travel time difference was 1 hour.

Impact of passenger engagement through road safety bus stickers in public service vehicles on road traffic crashes in Zambia: a randomized controlled trial

BackgroundRoad Traffic Crashes (RTCs) are the third highest cause of death in Zambia, claiming about 2000 lives annually, with pedestrians and cyclists being the most vulnerable. Human error accounts for 87.3% of RTCs. Minibus and big bus public service vehicles (PSVs) are among the common vehicle types involved in these crashes. Given the alarmingly high rate of road traffic crashes involving PSV minibuses and big buses within Zambia, there is a need to mitigate this through innovative solutions. In other settings, it has been shown that stickers in PSVs encouraging passengers to speak out against reckless driving can reduce RTCs, but it is unclear whether such an intervention could work in Zambia. Based on this evidence, the Zambia Road Transport and Safety Agency (RTSA) has developed a road safety bus sticker campaign for PSVs and before national scale-up, RTSA is interested in evidence of the impact of these stickers.MethodsThis evaluation will be a stratified two-arm randomized controlled trial with a one-to-one ratio. The sample will be stratified by vehicle type, thus creating a two-arm trial for minibuses and a separate two-arm trial for big buses. The sample will include 2110 minibuses and 300 big buses from four towns in Zambia. The primary outcome of interest will be the difference in the rate of RTCs over a 14-month period (7-months before the intervention and 7 months after) between buses with and without the new RTSA road safety bus stickers.DiscussionThis study will provide evidence on the impact of the Zambian sticker program on road traffic crashes as implemented through minibuses and big buses, that can help inform the scale up of a national ‘Zambia road safety bus sticker campaign’.Trial registrationPACT-R, PACTR201711002758216. Registered 13 November 2017-Retrospectively registered.

Art: Don’t Fence Me In! The Correspondence Principle in European Art

The public commotion surrounding an art monument by the Syrian-German artist Manaf Halbouni in front of the Dresden Frauenkirche in 2016–2017 can be called typical for our time: three big buses, which in an absurd way were placed vertically next to each other on the square, as if they were a barrier in a small street in a situation like warn-torn Aleppo, to protect people from snipers (fig. 1). But just as significant is the fact that, in Dresden, this bus barrier stands alone in a wide space. Pedestrians are free to walk to the left and right of it. Generally speaking, it represents the freedom we have in Europe. Does this make sense at all in Dresden? Certainly it does. Firstly, because there are people, calling themselves Pegida (Patriotic Europeans Against the Islamization of the West), who discriminate against foreigners, especially those coming as refugees from the East. Those who seek help and hospitality are “welcomed” by Pegida with hate. But there are enough people in Dresden who have the mentality of hosts. In fact there are not many immigrants in Dresden at all. The hosts may understand this art action as a sign for “Freedom, Peace and Humanity,” and this is its meaning. Secondly, like Aleppo, Dresden has a violent past of bombing. Born in Syria in 1985, the artist refers not only to motifs and stories of his homeland, but also of his guest land, where people arrived on buses to find shelter, but found new enemies, too. The work integrates two sides of a coin. On the one hand it works as a mirror for three sorts of viewers: immigrants, their hosts, and the members of Pegida. In this way it highlights the actual situation in Europe. On the other hand it also illustrates the long story of the dialogue between art inside and outside Europe, which is still relevant today. Typical for this Western tradition, Halbouni worked with the strategy of using everyday objects in art, introduced in 1913 by Marcel Duchamp, known as readymades. Halbouni brings a foreign image into a European city by using a classical European artistic strategy. This double-sided construct should be analyzed. Why is this new image—in this focus, the foreign image—still embedded in the Western art tradition, which itself carries the signs of the past?

Big buses in a small country: The prospects for bus services in Wales

The evolution of the bus market and industry in Wales since deregulation in the mid-1980s is reviewed. After a brief period of competition, which seemed to offer the prospect of welfare gains, the industry rapidly consolidated, with resulting losses in bus usage and welfare, similar to the rest of Great Britain outside London. There were large increases in subsidy following the introduction of a national free concessionary fares scheme in 2002. There is some evidence that some of this subsidy has leaked, at least some of the time, into super-normal profits, in part due to generous concessionary fare reimbursement terms. For the urban parts of Wales, particularly in the North East (centred on Wrexham) and the South East (centred on Cardiff), there are aspirations to develop Bus Rapid Transit to supplement the existing rail network. For rural Wales, there have been long standing aspirations to develop more flexible public transport services and long distance bus services, but this has often been thwarted by lack of funding. Organisational reforms that might assist the Welsh Government in delivering these aspirations are reviewed, including Quality Contracts, Quality Partnerships and Community Partnerships.

Do You Just Love Philip Roth?

Do You Just <i>Love</i> Philip Roth?

Economic Reforms, Living Conditions and Urban Violence: A Situation Analysis of Metropolitan Lagos

Urban poor have suffered significantly from structural adjustment through reduction in employment creation and downward pressure on real wages. The precarious effects of fluctuation in the formal and informal sectors on urban men and women are seldom noticed in the upsurge of urban violence and conflicts. The study specifically examined the impact of privatization and commercialisation on social conditions and livelihood of urban people as the cause of gender differentials in urban violence. Metropolitan Lagos, the study area has been chosen for her level of urbanization and diverse characteristics. Both qualitative and quantitative methods were used for data gathering. For quantitative data 252 questionnaires were administered and for qualitative, Focus Group Discussion (FGD) and In-depth interview were respectively used to enrich the study. The study revealed that more than two thirds of the respondents were affected by the economic reforms which have negative impact on their living conditions. It was also discovered that, there is strong relationship between incomes, education and ever participated in any forms of violence in the study area. The copping strategies adopted in the study area include; involving children in street hawking, reduction in domestic consumptions, living in low-cost houses, entering big buses popularly know as “Molue” to reduce transportation cost within the metropolitan Lagos, sending children to public school or low-paying schools, and having sizable family size.

Environmental Analysis on Urban Transportation Problem of Developing Countries Arising from Model Reference Adaptive Theory

World trends of urban population growth are already high, but motorization growth trends are much worse. In developing countries motorization is not only high, but also its rate is uncontrollably high, reaching rate over 10% per year. During the traffic jams, general average speed of all the vehicles is kept slow that the emissions of pollutant gases are evidences to be much higher than in a kilometer per person basis. Motorization tends are truly astonishing but alsohere the income-level distribution plays a key role in developing countries. The present study investigates features of sustainable transportation environment and future prospects for the adaptation policies of developing countries based upon Model Reference Adaptive Theory. In the case of La Paz City, Bolivia, the income-level distribution has a great influence on daily life citizens. The number of vehicles that cross each of the network on each peak period for each income level and trip purpose is estimated using GIS. The buses would provide service for the most congested routes and the current vehicles would feed the big buses system. Through this adaptive policy, the congestion would be significant reduced.