Bidoup Nui Ba National Park Research Articles

Features of seasonal biogeochemical element migration in the "soil-plant" system: A case study of Bambusoideae in the Bidoup-Nui Ba National Park (Central Vietnam)

The article presents unique research conducted in Bidoup-Nui Ba National Park, Vietnam, focusing on the biogeochemical element migration in soil and plants. The study aimed to identify element content changes, biological accumulation, and biogeochemical mobility during wet and dry seasons across different landscape conditions. The research revealed the active elements involved in migration and accumulation, assessed mobility and accumulation in bamboo organs, and highlighted the peculiarities within the "soil-plant" system. The study found that the uptake of certain microelements by plants is influenced by landscape facies and moisture conditions. For example, Zn, Cu, and Co were introduced through plant litter during the wet season and accumulated, while Mo accumulation was more pronounced in the dry season. Furthermore, the research observed variations in biological uptake by bamboo organs, with different landscape conditions and seasons playing a role. The biogeochemical mobility of elements in bamboo organs increased significantly with soil moisture during the wet season. Overall, the research provided insights into element accumulation and biogeochemical migration. Notably, the accumulation of element B was found to increase with soil moisture, while its reduction was associated with slope process activation during the wet season.

Four new species of the lanternfly genus Zanna Kirkaldy, 1902 from Cambodia and Vietnam (Hemiptera: Fulgoromorpha: Fulgoridae)

Four new species of Zanna Kirkaldy, 1902 are described: two from Cambodia, Z. chartieri Constant sp. nov. from Tatai in Koh Kong Province and Z. limbourgi Constant sp. nov. from Phnom Aural Wildlife Sanctuary in Kampong Speu Province and Kbal Spean in Siem Reap Province, and two from Vietnam: Z. bidoupana sp. nov. from Bidoup-Nui Ba National Park in Lam Dong Province and Z. kusamae sp. nov. from Dong Nai Biosphere Reserve in Dong Nai Province. Illustrations of the holotypes and male genitalia, photographs of live specimens and nymphs, a distribution map and host plants records are provided. The type of Zanna chinensis (Distant, 1893) is also illustrated for comparison. The genus Zanna now contains 37 species.

Biogeochemical Migration of Some Rare Elements in the “Leaf Debris–Soil” System of the Catenary Landscapes in Tropical Mountainous Forests in Southern Vietnam

Expeditionary studies of the functioning of landscapes of mid-mountain monsoon (including fog) forests have been being conducted within the landscape and ecological station in the territory of the Bidoup-Nui Ba National Park and the adjacent Hon Giao since 2018 and are currently underway. One of the research objectives is to clarify the biogeochemical migrations of the material composition of soils in the “leaf debris–soil” system. We have consistently studied natural objects for their material composition as well as the intensity and rate of involvement of chemical elements in physicochemical migration processes in the “leaf debris–soil” system. Our findings indicate an active influx of a select group of examined elements (Se, Pd, Ag, Cd, Sn, Bi), particularly Bi, Pd, Se, and Cd, through the leaf debris and the detachment of aboveground plant organs, warranting their integration into organogenic soil horizons. Subsequently, lateral migration (Pd, Cd, Se) ensues. Slope processes within subordinate landscape facets, in addition to soil moisture and aeration processes, contribute to the subsequent redistribution of elemental volumes introduced into organogenic soil horizons.

Content of heavy metals in soils of Bidoup Nui Ba National Park (Southern Vietnam)

The study of technogenic pollution of soils with heavy metals (HM) is an essential task for ecology. The analysis of the content of HMs in the park's soils shows the degree of pollution and the sources of its occurrence. The study of the elemental composition of soils is an objective method for assessing the state of the ecosystem. To determine the current state of heavy metal contamination in forest soils, the concentrations of their total forms were analyzed. Heavy metals, including Zn, Pb, Cr, Cu, Hg, Cd, and As, were found in the study area. In addition, the threat of contamination with Cd and As has been identified. The calculation of the total pollution coefficient allows us to assess the level of pollution for the dry season (Zc = 18.45-28.24, average 22.45) as average (moderately hazardous) and for the wet season (Zc = 0.01-5.11, average 1.96) as permissible. This indicates an unfavorable environmental situation. The content of heavy metals in soils depends on the season. Observations show that at the end of the wet season, the concentration of heavy metals decreases, while it increases in the period after the dry season.

New Data on Boletaceae (Agaricomycetes, Basidiomycota) from Central Vietnam with Description of Two New Species and Creation of a New Combination Based on Morphological and Phylogenetic Evidence.

Two new species of Boletaceae (Hortiboletus rubroreticulatus and Tylopilus aurantiovulpinus) discovered during an investigation of the mycobiota of Central Vietnam (Kon Chu Rang Nature Reserve; Ta Dung National Park; Bidoup-Nui Ba National Park; Kon Ka Kinh National Park) are described on the basis of molecular and morphological data. Illustrated descriptions of their macro- and microscopic features and discussion on similar taxa are given. Additionally, eight species which were recorded for the first time in Vietnam are listed and illustrated here. A new combination Kgaria virescens was made for one of these species. These results were confirmed by the phylogenetic analysis based on nrITS1-5.8S-ITS2, nrLSU, and tef1α regions.

Human‐Driven Fire Regime Change in the Seasonal Tropical Forests of Central Vietnam

AbstractTo better understand fire regimes and their relation to climate in the seasonal tropical forests of continental Southeast Asia, we developed the first multi‐century tree‐ring based fire history chronology for the region. The chronology included 776 fire scars collected at Bidoup NuiBa National Park (BNNP) in the Central Highlands of Vietnam and spans the period 1636–2020. Fires were recorded in 116 years, representing 47% of the years covered by the 249‐year period between the first fire scar (1772) and the last (2020). While only 9% of years within the sampled BNNP forests experienced fires before 1905, 70% recorded fires between 1906 and 1963 and 90% showed evidence of fire after 1963. Fire occurrence was highly correlated with climate indices (wet season Nino 3.4 and dry season regional Palmer Drought Severity Index) during the period 1906–1963, but showed no significant correlation after 1963. Our fire reconstruction from BNNP suggests that the fire regime has shifted from one driven primarily by climate to one in which human activities dominate the occurrence of fire within these seasonal tropical landscapes.

A new species of Trigonuropoda (Mesostigmata: Uropodina) from Vietnam

A new species Trigonuropoda (Latipilitrigon) foliata sp. n. was recorded in material collected from soil and leaf-litter in Bidoup Nui Ba National Park in Vietnam. This paper presents an illustrated description of the female and male of this species along with comparisons with closely related species.

Triterpenoids from Dischidia alboflava whole plant

In this report, phytochemical constituents of Dischidia alboflava (Asclepiadaceae) collected in Bidoup Nui Ba National Park, Lamdong province, Vietnam were investigated for the first time. The isolation process, as well as structure elucidation, have been supported by modern techniques like chromatographic (TLC, CC) and spectroscopic (ESI MS, 1D and 2D NMR) methods to result six triterpenoids, including β-amirin acetate (1), friedelin (2), 3α-hydroxyglutin-5-en (3), lupeone (4), lupeol (5), and 30-norcyclopterospemol (6). Among these, compounds 3, 4, and 6 have not been recorded to occur in other Dischidia species before. Notably, the identification of compound 6 indicated the presence of cyclotriterpene in Dischidia chemical components, which has not been reported to date.

Observations of the host habitat of Ophiocordyceps nutans in the Bidoup Nui Ba National Park, Lam Dong, Vietnam.

Endoparasitic Cordyceps species infect pest insects and other arthropods all throughout the world. Ophiocordyceps nutans like specimens were found in the Lat and Dung K’no of the Lac Duong district during entomogenous fungi forays in Bidoup Nui Ba National Park. However, observations made over the last two years (2021 - 2022) in various forest locations across different altitudinal ranges revealed that O. nutans only occurs in two high-altitude forests, with elevations between 1409 and 1589 m asl with the temperature fluctuating from 20,3 and 25,7°C. Morphological comparisons and molecular phylogenetic analyses using D1 - D2 led us to conclude that the neotropical specimens represent Ophiocordyceps nutans (Pat.). In this study, the parasitic host of O.nutans of Hemiptera and host habitas is the bark and leaves of Lasianthus bidoupensis (Rubiaceae). Because Ophiocordyceps nutans parasitize and kill different species of stinkbugs that pose a hazard to silviculture and agriculture, making it a viable biocontrol agent.

Nghiên cứu quá trình sinh địa hóa trong hệ thống “thảm thực vật – vật rơi rụng – đất” tại rừng nhiệt đới thuộc Vườn Quốc gia Bidoup-Núi Bà

The study of geochemical processes is an urgent task for understanding the functioning of the little-studied system "vegetation-litter-soil" and the biosphere as a whole. In mountainous areas, the processes of soil formation acquire unique features and are complicated by the processes of redistribution of matter. This work introduces the results of studies of geochemical processes in 2018-2022 on the territory of the Bidoup-Nui Ba National Park (Central Vietnam) during the wet and dry seasons. The influence of the relief on the formation of plant mortmass and the change in the ash content of fallen branches and leaves is considered. The results of studies of vertical and horizontal migration of chemical elements in soils of mid-mountain primary tropical monsoon forests are presented. Regularities of geochemical migration of chemical elements within all types of elementary geochemical landscapes, from autonomous to accumulative, are revealed. The existence in soils of several geochemical barriers characteristic of zheltozems has been revealed. The study made it possible to clarify the elements that are most actively involved in biogeochemical migration and accumulation in different seasons of the year, to assess the biogeochemical mobility of elements and the intensity of the processes of their biological accumulation by bamboo organs growing in different landscape conditions in the wet and dry seasons of the year. The research results make it possible to identify the features and patterns of changes in the content of trace elements in the "vegetation-litter-soil-soil" system, their biological accumulation and biogeochemical mobility during the wet and dry seasons in the Bidoup-Nui Ba National Park. The paper also presents the results of a study of soil samples for the presence of heavy metals, taken in the Bidoup-Nui Ba National Park. In the course of this study, native Cd contamination was detected in concentrations typical for objects subjected to technogenic pollution.

Beilschmiedia bidoupensis (Lauraceae), a new species from Bidoup-Nui Ba National Park, southern highland of Vietnam

Beilschmiedia bidoupensis (Lauraceae) is described from Bidoup-Nui Ba National Park in the southern highland of Vietnam. The new species is characterized by lanceolate terminal buds that are ca. 2.5 mm long without coriaceous scales and covered with whitish brown hairs, glabrous twigs, predominantly alternate leaves evenly arranged on branches, elliptic leaf blade with acuminate apex, and depressed globose to transversely ellipsoidal fruits with not verrucose but asperously furfuraceous surface. A description, illustrations, preliminary conservation assessment, and DNA barcodes of ITS, psbA-trnH and trnL regions, are provided.

Chemical constituents of the lichen Usnea lapponica Vain., Parmeliaceae

Introduction: The lichen Usnea lapponica Vain. belonging to the Usnea genus (family Parmeliaceae) grow hanging from tree branches in the damp forest at Bidoup Nui Ba National Park, Dam Rong district, Lam Dong province. In addition, this lichen has not yet been chemically and biologically studied. The primary goal of the present work was to study the chemical constituents of the lichen Usnea lapponica Vain. Methods: A dried powder of thalli Usnea lapponica Vain. was extracted by maceration with MeOH at ambient temperature to prepare the crude MeOH extract. This crude extract was subjected to silica gel column chromatography with gradient polar solvent including n-hexane, CHCl3, EtOAc, and MeOH to separate into different polar fractions. The chemical structures of the isolated compounds were elucidated through the interpretation of their 1D and 2D NMR and HRESIMS data. Results: In this paper, we reported the isolation of six known compounds, including two depsides lecanorin (1) and isolecanoric acid (2), two depsidones norstictic acid (3) and methylstictic acid (4), an ergosterol, 22E,24R-5α,6α-epoxyergosta-8,22-diene-3β,7α-diol (5), and lupeol (6). Conclusion: This is the first time that these compounds have been reported from Usnea lapponica Vain.

Morphological and molecular evidence reveals three new species of Lithocarpus (Fagaceae) from Bidoup-Nui Ba National Park, Vietnam.

Three new species, Lithocarpusbidoupensis Ngoc & Tagane, L.congtroiensis Ngoc & Yahara, and L.hongiaoensis Ngoc & Binh are described from Bidoup-Nui Ba National Park, Central Highland of Vietnam. Morphological analyses and Maximum likelihood tree based on genome-wide SNPs support the distinction of those species from the previously known taxa in the region. The three new species are considered to be endemic to the Bidoup-Nui Ba National Park and the preliminary conservation status for each species is evaluated as Critically Endangered.

Diversity And Indigenous Knowledge About The Use Of Wild Edible Plants As Food By The K'ho Community In Bidoup-Nui Ba National Park, South Vietnam

Wild edible plants are the primary food source used by communities in National Parks, Nature Reserves, and natural forests for their daily meals. Based on the combination of the household survey method with the Participatory Rapid Assessment (PRA) and a transect investigation, we discovered the knowledge about the use of wild edible plants of the K'Ho people in the Bidoup-Nui Ba National Park, Lam Dong Province. A total of 73 species, 66 genera of 47 families belonging to three phyta, were used as food by the K'Ho people. Nine life forms and eight parts of edible plants have been identified, herbaceous and leave with the highest number of species used by the locals. These species were most commonly found in primary and secondary forests, while others were scattered in pine, swamp, and bamboo forests. The study showed that young people know little about edible plants, while middle-aged and older adults know much about them. The locals have used nine food type groups: soup and vegetable, cooking groups. Cooking soup, boiling, and eating fresh were the most common processing methods. Nine kinds of edible plants were planted in their home gardens.

<p><strong>Revision of <em>Begonia</em> (Begoniaceae) in Bidoup-Nui Ba National Park, Southern Vietnam, including two new species</strong></p>

The Begonia species occurring in Bidoup-Nui Ba National Park (Lam Dong Province, southern Vietnam) are reviewed based on recent floristic field surveys. Five species were recognized from the montane forests, and two of which are new to science. The new species belong to Begonia sect. Platycentrum and are named as B. hongiaoensis C.W.Lin, T.C.Hsu & Luu and B. lamdongiana C.W.Lin, T.C.Hsu & Luu, repectively. Begonia hongiaoensis most closely resembles B. siamensis Gagnep from northern Thailand. Both species have a rhizomatous habit and bear ovate leaves. However, the new species differs by its stoloniferous habit, shallowly cordate leaf base and 5-tepaled pistillate flowers. Begonia lamdongiana is similar to B. coelocentroides Y.M.Shui & Z.D.Wei, a hairy leaf species of the same section in Yunnan of China, but is markedly distinct in its glabrous petioles, inflorescences, pedicels and ovaries, and larger bracts.

Camellia flosculora: a new species of Camellia section Thea series Sinenses (Theaceae) from Vietnam

A new species of Camellia is described from material collected from Hon Giao Mountain, Bidoup-Nui Ba National Park, southern Vietnam. The analysis and figures demonstrate how Camellia flosculora differs from other known Camellia species and illustrate the new species, which is characterized by relatively small leaf blades, short pedicels, and very small flowers with short stamens and styles. The morphology of the newly described species justifies its taxonomic placement in Camellia section Thea series Sinenses.

Bats (Chiroptera) of Bidoup Nui Ba National Park, Dalat Plateau, Vietnam

We determined species diversity, seasonal reproduction, and echolocation patterns in the bat community of Bidoup Nui Ba National Park (BNBNP), Lam Dong Province, on the Dalat Plateau of the Central Highlands of Vietnam. We documented 27 species with 211 individuals captured in 26 994 m2 mist-net-hours and 3015 m2 harp-trap-hours of effort. We found five species of pteropodids and 22 species of insectivorous bats in four families, including regional records and species seldom captured in Vietnam. Bat species richness at BNBNP is now known to be 33 species, including six found in a prior study. Based on the inverse Simpson Index of Diversity, evenness of captures was low, reflecting the high abundance of a few species with many species documented by just one or two individuals. Insectivorous bats were pregnant in the late dry season, but not during the wet season when lactation occurred and volant juveniles were captured. Echolocation call characteristics were determined for 19 species of insectivorous bats. Call patterns were consistent with some but not all reports in the literature from elsewhere in southeast Asia. This suggests the existence of cryptic species or geographic and habitat variability in echolocation calls of southeast Asian bats that requires further study.

Antimicrobial activity of the essential oils from the leaves and stems of Amomum rubidumLamxay & N. S. Lý

This paper described the chemical compositions and antimicrobial activity of the essential oils from the leaves and stem of Amomum rubidumLamxay & N. S. Lý, collected from Bidoup Nui Ba National Park, Lam Dong, Vietnam. The essential oils were obtained by hydrodisitllation method while antimicrobial activity was evaluetd by microdilution broth susceptibility assay. The main constituents of the leaf essential oil were identified as 1,8-cineole (37.7%), -3-carene (19.5%) and limonene (16.3%) while -3-carene (21.9%), limonene (17.8%) and β-phellandrene (14.6%) dominated in the stem essentialoil. The leaf and stem essential oils displayed stronger inhibition of Pseudomonas aeruginosawith MIC of 25 μg/mLand 50 μg/mLrespectively. The stem essential oil was active against Candida albicans(MIC, 50 μg/mL) while both essential oils inhibited the growth of Fusarium oxysporum(MIC 50 μg/mL). This is the first report on chemical constituents and antimicrobial activity of the essential oils of A. rubidum.

Fifteen new species of angiosperms from Bidoup-Nui Ba National Park, southern highlands of Vietnam

Fifteen new species of angiosperms from Bidoup-Nui Ba National Park, southern highlands of Vietnam

Fifteen New Species of Angiosperms from Bidoup-Nui BaNational Park, Southern Highlands of Vietnam

Fifteen New Species of Angiosperms from Bidoup-Nui BaNational Park, Southern Highlands of Vietnam