Bicycle Paths Research Articles

Linear Greenery in Urban Areas and Green Corridors Case Study: Blvd. Bosnia and Herzegovina and Blvd. Hristijan Todorovski Karposh, Skopje, North Macedonia

Summary Increasing population, expansion of urban areas and rapid urbanization are the main causes of losing green spaces, which results in many environmental problems and threatens the quality of urban life. Urban green spaces are of great importance and urban planning issues nowadays gain increasing popularity. It is realized that biological methodologies need to be used in urban planning, otherwise the quality of life will be more threatened. In order to discover the meaning and importance of green corridors in urban areas, a literature review was undertaken. Boulevards, as green corridors, are very important linear parts in the structures of dense modern cities. If planned and designed properly, they mitigate the negative effects of densely built urban environment. Green corridors provide numerous environmental benefits, they are an essential factor of sustainability and have a significant impact on biodiversity. Green corridors also provide social benefits, by enhancing well-being through contact with nature. They decrease health problems and improve the quality of life. The importance of urban green corridors was observed and presented on the example of Blvd. Bosnia and Herzegovina and Blvd. Hristijan Todorovski Karposh, which form an important ecological network in the northern part of Skopje, North Macedonia. The emphasis is on planning, designing and improving green corridors in urban areas like Skopje. Although these two boulevards are well designed as green corridors, with preserved old line greenery, planted with many different plant species (trees, shrubs, perennials), covered by grass, with bicycle and pedestrian paths, there is still potential for improvement. Linear parks on both sides of the new part of the Blvd. Hristijan Todorovski Karposh would be a great idea.

Evaluation of the functionality, safety, and environmental impact of the new pop-up bicycle lane on Konstantinos Karamanlis Avenue in Thessaloniki, Greece

The COVID-19 pandemic had some positive results regarding the established policy of the European Union (EU) of promoting active mobility, such as the creation of temporary bicycle lanes and paths, to facilitate mobility in the era of social distancing. Such a bicycle lane was constructed in the city of Thessaloniki, Greece, on Konstantinos Karamanlis Avenue. In the summer of 2020, during the COVID-19 pandemic, a bicycle lane was constructed on Konstantinos Karamanlis Avenue. In the present paper, a questionnaire survey is presented regarding the functionality, effectiveness, safety, and environmental impact of this specific bicycle lane. In total, 228 people participated in the survey. They were able to evaluate the different problems encountered on the bicycle lane and the behavior of the other road users and to make judgments and suggestions for its improvement. Important conclusions emerge from the collected data, such as that the citizens believe that there are significant problems with the safety of the bicycle lane and less important problems with its operation. Finally, it seems that there is a great desire to strengthen active mobility and especially cycling in the city of Thessaloniki, given that the infrastructure will provide the appropriate safety.

Pengembangan Potensi Wisata Berbasis Partisipasi Masyarakat Lokal Di Desa Jelantik Kecamatan Jonggat Lombok Tengah

Jelantik Village is one of the 13 (thirteen) villages in Jonggat District. Jelantik Village has various undeveloped tourism potentials including beautiful river channels, geotourism tourism potential, shadow puppet art cultural tourism, bicycle tracks with beautiful views of rice fields, and has the Jelantik Dam (Telaga Ijo) which has stunning views. Among the tourism potentials in Jelantik Village, the Jelantik Dam has the most potential to attract tourists. Some of the advantages of the Jelantik Dam include beautiful scenery, fresh air, easy access from the main Praya-Mataram road and culinary delights. The purpose of this activity is the arrangement of the Telaga Ijo area. The methods used in this activity are site surveys and questionnaires. A site survey is conducted to determine the physical condition of the dam and the people around it. Meanwhile, a questionnaire was given to visitors to get an overview of tourists' wishes. The survey results show that the Jelantik Dam is flanked by rice fields, has a beautiful view of the trees surrounding the lake. Communities around the dam support the development of the dam. Based on the questionnaire, tourists want boat tours, bicycle paths around the lake, spots for selfies, parking lots, additional berugak, trees for shelter, additional sales stalls, sports facilities and facilities for horse riding around the lake. The conclusion of this area arrangement activity is as a reference in the development and construction of facilities and infrastructure that support tourism activities at the Jelantik Dam (Telaga Ijo).

Barriers and enablers of bike riding for transport and recreational purposes in Australia

BackgroundDespite the health and environmental benefits of increasing cycling participation, participation rates in Australia remain low compared to other international settings. Up to 78% in Greater Melbourne are interested in riding a bike, but have particular barriers preventing them. Previous research in Australia exploring barriers and enablers has been conducted only in groups who regularly ride bikes. MethodsThis project aimed to identify the prevalence and strength of particular barriers and enablers of riding a bike for both transport and recreational purposes in Melbourne, Australia. Data were collected through an online survey between November 2021 and February 2022. We recruited adults who lived within one of nine selected local government areas. ResultsOf the 912 people who commenced the survey, 717 completed the survey (79%) and were included in analyses. The majority of the sample owned a bike, and had ridden a bike in the past 12 months. The most highly reported barriers to riding a bike for transport included not wanting to ride on the road with motor vehicle traffic (56%), concern about collision with a motor vehicle (54%), bad weather (53%) and motorist aggression (53%). There were significant differences in the barriers and enablers reported for bike riding by trip purpose, and across the four Geller groups. The most highly reported enablers to bike riding for transport included having a bike-lane physically separated from motor vehicle traffic or an off-road bike path (66%) and to improve physical health (65%). ConclusionsWhile numerous barriers and enablers were reported, factors relating to riding a bike on the road alongside motor vehicle traffic and the associated safety concerns were consistent across groups. To overcome the most commonly reported barriers and to encourage further cycling participation in people of all ages and abilities, protected and connected infrastructure is fundamental.

A multilevel analysis of the determinants of the attitude toward separate cycle paths in Taiwan

AbstractObjectiveThis study examines why people support a policy for separate cycle paths but oppose the necessary means for its implementation—the narrowing of vehicle lanes and reduction of roadside parking spaces.MethodsThis study used cross‐sectional data from the 2009 Taiwan Bicycle Use Survey, covering 23 counties (n = 9236) and applying multilevel multinomial logistic regression models.ResultsNot in my backyard (NIMBY) or not in my interest (NIMI) were likely to agree on building separate cycle paths but disagree on the means for its implementation. While NIMBYs may support the policy if they are reasonably compensated with a much larger road area and an adequate number of parking spaces, NIMIs’ attitudes are more favorable if their government has sufficient financial resources to fund the proposal.ConclusionLocal governments need to apply a compensation approach or have more funds to change the public's attitude toward the implementation of policies involving bikeway infrastructure.

Analysis of the urban mobility of a medium-sized city in northern Rio Grande do Sul

The lack of urban planning can cause several consequences for cities, especially in the face of accelerated population growth, resulting in obstacles to urban infrastructure and its services, especially in terms of mobility, making it necessary to think of strategies aimed at accessible development, and efficient and sustainable cities. In this context, the general objective of this study is to analyze the active mobility of the city of Passo Fundo/RS (Brazil), in particular, the bike paths and public transport in the city. Thus, initially, bibliographic research was carried out on the subject addressed, then data collection was carried out on the main points of public transport and cycle paths in the analyzed city. From the data collection, an analysis was carried out through maps and it was possible to perceive the importance of analyzing the urban mobility of the municipalities, which helps in the understanding of the current scenario, collaborating both in the management and in the municipal planning, as in the development of guidelines that adapt to the place in the search for a better quality of life for citizens.

How do University Student Cyclists Ride? The Case of University of Bologna

In a general urban planning context, in which sustainable active mobility progressively takes up increasing attention, studies of cyclists’ attitudes and behaviors represent a relevant step to help any enhancing measures for urban cycling. Among different categories, university student cyclists represent a still unidentified class, despite the relevant impacts in terms of mass and variability of attitudes in urban areas. The novelty of this paper is to propose an innovative overview on the specific category of university student cyclists. The integrated methodology, based on direct observation through GPS detection, GIS processing, and qualitative survey, permits the evaluation of some interesting issues related to students’ propensity to cycling and their mobility patterns. The approach finds relevance in speed, frequency of movements, routing, and related infrastructure preferences. The methodology has been applied to a sample of more than 300 students of the University of Bologna who were allowed an original university-designed bicycle from February 2021 to June 2021. The analysis was applied in the Bologna urban area and allowed the evaluation of students’ preferences of using existing cycle paths, when available, the limited relevance of speed factors, the main distribution of commuter journeys concentrated in the main avenues directed to city center, and other behaviors.

Understanding preferences for bicycling and bicycle infrastructure

Using survey data collected in New Jersey, we analyze the frequency of bicycling and respondent perceptions of the safety of various bicycling facilities. Data was collected via a mixed-mode survey design, including intercepts, bicycle hangers, flyers in bicycle shops, and a Facebook advertisement targeted toward bicyclists in New Jersey (N = 1937). This provided us with a reasonable sample of respondents that included bicycle commuters and non-cyclists. Data on cycling frequency was collected for recreational and commute trips. Respondents ranked the relative safety of images of bicycle facilities, ranging from cycling on-street to off-road trails. We also collected attitudinal data on risk perceptions and world views linked to political perspectives. Our analysis suggested that feeling safer with on-street bicycle lanes and off-street bicycle paths is not associated with the frequency of bicycling, while feeling safer on-street in traffic is associated with the frequency of bicycling. In analyzing correlates associated with our images of bicycling infrastructure, we found those with more liberal/egalitarian world views prefer on-street bicycle lanes and off-street bicycle paths, while those with traditional community world views tend to not feel safe with on-street bicycle lanes and bicycling in traffic. Those who are risk takers also feel safer bicycling in traffic. Most other demographic controls in our models give us the expected results. Policy implications suggest that bicycle infrastructure will be less controversial when world views are more liberal/egalitarian, but that making all streets safer might be a useful approach for increasing the frequency of bicycling.

Persepsi Pengguna Sepeda terhadap Penerapan Jalur Sepeda di Kota Jambi

The more bike users in Indonesia, so the government issued a rule of no government. 59 years 2020 about the cycle-line criteria and the safety of bicycle patterns, published with the intent to create traffic orderly and maintain the safety of a bicycle vehicle. One of the bike paths in Jambi City is the bike path of Soemantri Bojonegoro which was officially officially on December 20 by Mayor Jambi. This research aims to know the perception of bicycle users to apply to the application of the Jambi City. The data collection technique used is a survey method by using direct quisitioners and measured with Likert Scale with Microsoft Excel. TCR criteria or bicycle access levels for each bicycle experience are good enough, bicycle security is good enough, bicycle signature and good parking is good enough. With this to see the whole value or criteria of the levels of cycle use in Jambi City is quite adequate and worthy to use the bicycle paths in the path of 69.66% of the average of the TCR. is quite well that the perception of the bicycle users are well enough to use the bicycle paths in the path of the Jambi City are well enough to use the bicycle users in the path of the up.

Evaluasi lanskap jalur sepeda di Kawasan Niti Mandala Kota Denpasar, Provinsi Bali

The activity of cycling tends to reduce in Indonesia nowadays. It may be caused by the lack of adequate space and facility provided as well as the low maintenance of the existing bicycle facilities. This phenomenon can be seen in the area of Niti Mandala, Denpasar, Bali which already being provided by bicycle lane. This study aims to identify the existing condition of bicycle paths and to evaluate the landscape bicycle path in the Niti Mandala. This study used surveys and data collection techniques through observation, interviews, and literature study. An analysis of SWOT (Strength, Weaknesses, Opportunity, Threat) was used to further quantify and improve the quality of the collected data. The main strategy analysis resulted improvements of the existing bicycle line was mainly important. It was also suggested routinely remark the bicycle line and the provision of the bike on bus program to support the sustainability of the bicycle landscape and the go green program of Denpasar City.

Demand-driven design of bicycle infrastructure networks for improved urban bikeability.

Cycling is crucial for sustainable urban transportation. Promoting cycling critically relies on sufficiently developed infrastructure; however, designing efficient bike path networks constitutes a complex problem that requires balancing multiple constraints. Here we propose a framework for generating efficient bike path networks, explicitly taking into account cyclists' demand distribution and route choices based on safety preferences. By reversing the network formation, we iteratively remove bike paths from an initially complete bike path network and continually update cyclists' route choices to create a sequence of networks adapted to the cycling demand. We illustrate the applicability of this demand-driven approach for two cities. A comparison of the resulting bike path networks with those created for homogenized demand enables us to quantify the importance of the demand distribution for network planning. The proposed framework may thus enable quantitative evaluation of the structure of current and planned cycling networks, and support the demand-driven design of efficient infrastructures.

Designing efficient urban bike path networks that meet the needs of cyclists.

Designing efficient urban bike path networks that meet the needs of cyclists.

Motorsuz araçları tespiti için CNN tabanlı GUI geliştirilmesi

Today, various solutions are offered for traffic density. One of these suggestions is to popularize the use of bicycles in the category of non-motorized vehicles. For this, first of all, bicycle paths must be built. The use of bicycle lanes or the rate of bicycle use in normal traffic is an important data. Deep learning techniques, which have been popular in recent years, can be used to obtain this data. The aim of this study is to present a model that detects bicycles using various convolutional neural networks architectures. First of all, 962 open source bicycle images obtained from the internet are labeled. For this, trainings were conducted with YOLOv3, YOLOF, Faster R-CNN and Sparse R-CNN architectures. As a result of the trainings, a value of 0.92 mAP was reached with Faster R-CNN. At the end of the study, a software that detects bicycles in real time has been developed.

Monochromatic-degree conditions for properly colored cycles in edge-colored complete graphs

Let G be an edge-colored graph and v be a vertex of G. Define the monochromatic-degree dmon(v) of v to be the maximum number of edges with the same color incident with v in G, and the maximum monochromatic-degree Δmon(G) of G to be the maximum value of dmon(v) over all vertices v of G. A cycle (path) in G is called properly colored if any two adjacent edges of the cycle (path) have distinct colors. Wang et al. in 2014 showed that an edge-colored complete graph Knc with Δmon(Knc)<⌊n2⌋ contains a properly colored cycle of length at least ⌈n2⌉+2. In this paper, we obtain a generalization of their result that an edge-colored complete graph Knc of order n with Δmon(Knc)=d≤n−2 contains a properly colored cycle of length at least n−d+1.

Bumpy Rides: An Extensive Accelerometer-Based Cycling Infrastructure Survey

Comfortable cycleways are key to the success of a cycling network. However, evaluating comfort on many cycleway links can prove challenging with regard to resource requirements. This paper evaluates cycling comfort using GPS- and accelerometer-equipped bicycles in Montréal, Laval, and Longueuil (Canada). The objective of the study was threefold. First, to present a framework for efficiently evaluating cycling comfort of many cycling infrastructure links (segments), by accounting for various sampling conditions (speed and cyclist characteristics). Second, we aimed to analyze how cycling comfort relates to cycling infrastructure type. Third, we sought to identify hot spots and cold spots of comfortable cycleway links within the study area. The results showed that the dynamic comfort index was significantly influenced by the characteristics of the cyclists themselves and by the speed at which they were traveling. Off-street bike paths were significantly less comfortable than shared lanes, bike lanes, and streets without cycling facilities. Laval had more than its share of high-comfort clusters, whereas Montréal had significantly more low-comfort clusters than its counterparts. These results should be used to improve cycleway planning and quality monitoring.

Investigating the Factors Affecting Rider’s Decision on Overtaking Behavior: A Naturalistic Riding Research in China

Overtaking behavior between non-motorized vehicles is one of the main characteristics of the cycling path, and unsafe overtaking behavior has a certain negative impact on riders’ safety. However, little is known about the factors affecting riders’ overtaking decisions. This study aimed to identify the influence of road facilities, types of non-motorized vehicles, and human factors on the characteristics of overtaking behavior on bicycle lanes. DJI drone-based naturalistic riding research was explored in China and a random parameter logit regression model was estimated to model the overtaking decisions of non-motorized vehicle riders. The results showed that gender, age, professional deliverer, type of lead non-motor vehicle, type of non-motorized vehicles, and width of cycling lane influence overtaking behavior significantly. The present study provides theoretical evidence to strengthen the safety design and evaluation of cycling lane infrastructure.

Pedaling through a virtually redesigned city: Evaluation of traffic planning and urban design factors influencing bicycle traffic

To achieve the 1.5-degree target of the Paris Climate Agreement, it is of great importance to promote environmentally friendly means of transport. In urban areas, shifting motorized trips to active transport modes (i.e., walking and cycling) is essential. Therefore, knowledge of walking and cycling is indispensable for planning and policy, which is the basis for targeted promotion of active forms of mobility. This paper aims to identify factors that specifically influence cycling and to derive recommendations for action for planning and policy in a virtual testbed. Specifically, the influence of traffic planning measures (i.e., structural infrastructure facilities for stationary and moving traffic as well as traffic regulations) and urban design measures (i.e., the design of public space) on the promotion of cycling will be shown. For this purpose, a virtual reality simulation was used, independent of different external conditions during field surveys and the necessity of time-, cost- and regulation-intensive structural changes. Using an improved bicycle simulator, 93 people cycled through 20 variations of an approximately 680 m long road section, surveying the effect of selected traffic planning and urban design parameters. Special attention was paid to the subjective safety of the cyclists and the attractiveness of the urban environment. Furthermore, three types of infrastructure were differentiated: No bicycle infrastructure (riding on the roadway), a bicycle lane, and a structurally separated cycle path next to the sidewalk. The virtual road section represented a real location. In addition to the findings gained from the physiological optimization of the simulator, the results show that roadside greenery had the highest effectiveness in terms of subjective safety and attractiveness. Other factors with a high influence were a speed reduction from 50 to 30 km/h when riding on the roadway with cars and the red coloring of the bicycle lane, each increasing the perception of safety. In contrast, a lack of a boundary line between the cycle path and the sidewalk was unsettling for those who rarely or never ride bicycles in their daily lives. In addition, restaurant and recreation areas increased the attractiveness of the road section, although entailing a lower perception of safety. Other factors, such as motor vehicle traffic volume or vehicles parked at the roadside, showed no significant effects on the evaluation of cycling.With the help of these findings, the consequences of traffic planning and urban design measures can be better assessed in subsequent virtual testbeds. Also, initial trends can be identified as to which planning instruments should be used as a priority to promote cycling in urban areas. Future work should validate the transfer of these insights into physical urban spaces to support further the mid-term transformation towards sustainable urban mobility using scientific evidence.

Polymer Foam Concrete FC500 Material Behavior and Its Interaction in a Composite Structure with Standard Cement Concrete Using Small Scale Tests.

This paper focuses on the investigation of the material properties of FC500 foam concrete. Innovation is very important for the solution of cast-in-place concrete forms in practice today. Part of its innovative construction application is the possibility of using foam concrete in a composite structure and the use of its mechanical properties in the load-bearing parts of civil engineering structures. The method of detecting the mechanical properties of foam concrete by using non-standard cantilever test is also innovative. Here, an advanced approach of modelling specimens using powerful computational systems based on the finite element method is used. This modern material is researched especially for its use in transportation structures. For its application, it is necessary to define its resistance to mechanical loads. The main content of the research consists of correlations between experimental measurements and analytical and numerical results. This is the principle of quasi-linear identification of the non-linear behavior of polymeric cementitious porous material during tests on specimens. The focus of the research is an extensive experiment: measurements of the deformation of the specimens until failure. The following methods were chosen to investigate the material properties: small cantilever test, standard tensile test and compression test. The cantilever test was performed for the individual components of the FC500 composite and cement concrete, but also as a compact composite. Numerical simulation models were developed to correlate the individual results in order to validate the uniaxial test results. The conclusions of the research led to the definition of standardized stress–strain diagrams of the FC500 material for compression and especially tension. This is a definition of the behavior of this polymer composite, usable for the development of numerical models of full-scale structures. The results of the research will be applied in the development of national standards for the use of advanced materials in transportation structures (cycle paths, parking lots, traffic playgrounds, lightly trafficked forest roads and trails, etc.).

Problems of Tourist Mobility in Remote Areas of Natural Value—The Case of the Hajnowka Poviat in Poland and the Zaoneshye Region in Russia

Tourist destinations are often inaccessible due to mobility problems. The purpose of this paper is to identify the mobility problems of tourist destinations in remote areas of natural value. The research was carried out in the following two tourist destinations with the above-mentioned values: in the Zaoneshye Region in Russia and the Hajnówka Poviat, which includes the priceless resources of the Polish part of the Białowieża Forest. The research was conducted using a survey method. Respondents could download the survey questionnaire onto their mobile devices (smartphone, tablet) by scanning a QR code or provide their answers to the questionnaire on paper or to an interviewer, who recorded them in an electronic version. The respondent group consisted of tourists visiting both regions for tourism purposes. The survey was carried out between 2019 and 2021. The results showed that the car is the preferred means of transport in both regions, and that road works are somewhat or completely necessary. Additionally, tourists in the Hajnowka Poviat travel a lot on foot or by bicycle, as there are more cycling and pedestrian paths available. In contrast, tourists visiting the Zaoneshye Region suggest providing more facilities for tourism and better and more efficient communication.

Characterizing Ride Quality With a Composite Roughness Index

There are many important applications that require ride quality characterization. However, the only international standard that specifies a roughness index is not suitable for applications beyond assessing the ride quality of paved roads. Other potential applications include automated ride quality characterization of gravel roads, bike or wheelchair paths, railways, rivers, airways, hyperloops, and elevator channels. This work proposes a composite index that characterizes roughness from multidimensional movements along any path. Statistical tests demonstrate two important properties—that the index is consistent based on an ever-decreasing margin-of-error of the mean, and distinguishable among different paths. A low-cost sensor package of accelerometers, gyroscopes, and a speedometer produced the data for spatio-temporal transformation. The experiments conducted on buses revealed that both the consistency and distinguishability of the index improves with the number of measurements. The approach is best suited for applications that can use in-situ sensors or crowdsensing to automate ride quality characterization.