Bi2O3 NPs Research Articles

Synthesis and characterization of Selenicereus undatus extract mediated nano-Bi2O3 and its application in the adsorption of Rhodamine B dye

Betacyanins (BC) are reddish-purple pigments widely found in the peels of white-fleshed dragon fruit (Selenicereus undatus) and peels and pulps of red-fleshed dragon fruit (Selenicereus costaricensis). BC pigments are good anti-oxidants that inhibit the formation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) in plants and thereby promote the reduction of metal ions to zero-valent metals. It also acts as a good stabilizing and capping agent in the synthesis of nanoparticles. Hence, this research aims to extract, and quantize the content of BC from the peels of Selenicereus undatus, to fabricate betacyanin-rich- Selenicereus undatus (SU) modified bismuth oxide nanoparticles (Bi2O3 NPs) and characterize using UV-Vis, FTIR, XRD, SEM, EDAX, and BET. The quantity and stability of the betacyanin are optimized using various parameters like time, temperature, solvent ratio, pH, etc., through a UV-Vis spectrophotometer at 538 nm. Synthesized SU-Bi2O3 NPs aim to alleviate synthetic dye contaminants through adsorption- an efficient route for water remediation. The nano-adsorbent Bi2O3 NPs showed an increase in dye adsorption with an increase in reaction time, temperature, and Bi2O3 NPs dosage, enabling efficient removal of dyes such as Rhodamine B (RhB) dyes.

Explorations of physicochemical, photodegradation, phototoxicity, and kinetics of Bi2-2xCoxCdxO3/rGO nanocomposites for wastewater treatment applications

In recent times, there has been a pressing need to discover or manufacture a unique material that can serve as a photocatalyst for organic pollutants that are incapable of degradation. Pure Bi2O3 and Co, Cd co-doped Bi2-2xCoxCdxO3 (x = 0.8) nanoparticles were synthesized using the chemical co-precipitation method, but the new approach involves fabricating 10 % reduced graphene oxide Bi2-2xCoxCdxO3/rGO nanocomposites via the ultra-sonication route. This study investigated the effects of Co, Cd, and r-GO doping on the optical, electrochemical, structural, and photocatalytic properties of bismuth oxide. The synthesized nanomaterials were analyzed using X-ray diffraction (XRD), cyclic voltammetry, ultraviolet–visible (UV–Vis), Fourier transform infrared (FTIR), photoluminescence (PL), and Raman spectroscopy. The XRD patterns showed the formation of a monophasic monoclinic structure belonging to space group P21/c, with an average crystallite size estimated around 22–41 nm. According to the UV–visible study, the bandgap energy of Bi2O3 NPs, Bi2-2xCoxCdxO3 NPs, and Bi2-2xCoxCdxO3/rGO nanocomposites were 2.64 eV, 2.37 eV and 2.06eV respectively. The cyclic voltammetry technique was used to evaluate the functioning electrodes. In contrast to un-doped Bi2O3, the synergistic effects of Co, Cd, and r-GO on the substituted material increased the specific capacitance. The pure Bi2O3, doped Bi2-2xCoxCdxO3, and Bi2-2xCoxCdxO3/rGO photocatalyst degraded 62 %, 85 %, and 95.4 % respectively of RB-5 dye after 105 min of sunlight. The phytotoxicity analysis examined the germination of Hordeum vulgare seeds in treated and untreated RB-5 dyes. Additionally, scavenging investigations using reactive species trapping to confirm the dominant reactive species were evaluated. Bi2-2xCoxCdxO3/rGO nanocomposites are better at photocatalysis and have a narrow bandgap, which makes them useful as solar-active photocatalysts for getting rid of dyes in wastewater. In future, their composites with conducting polymers may improve their electrochemical and photocatalytic behaviour as well.

Evaluation of biogenic bismuth oxide nanoparticles from Rubus niveus leaves and fruits extract for antimicrobial and photocatalytic activity

The present study focused on producing bismuth oxide nanoparticles (Bi2O3 NPs) using methanolic extracts from Rubus niveus fruits and leaves. These extracts were used as both a capping and reducing agent. The properties of the Bi2O3 NPs were determined using advanced characterization methods such as XRD, FTIR, SEM, TEM, XPS, and UV–Vis spectroscopy. The findings demonstrated the formation of spherical and rod-shaped structures in Bi2O3 nanoparticles synthesized using methanol extracts derived from leaves and fruits, respectively. The average diameters of the crystallites were measured as 69.39 nm for RNF-NPs and 62.85 nm for RNL-NPs in Bi2O3 nanoparticles. The grain sizes were observed to be 130 ± 0.25 nm for RNF-NPs and 320 ± 1.22 nm for RNL-NPs, with corresponding D-spacings of 0.314 nm and 0.617 nm. Additionally, the presence of a weak band in the FTIR spectra at 717.29 cm−1 for RNL-NPs and 715.25 cm−1 for RNF-NPs indicated the monoclinic morphology of the synthesized α-Bi2O3 nanoparticles. The antibacterial activity of the samples was assessed using the agar well diffusion technique for bacteria and the poisoned food method for fungus. The antibacterial findings demonstrate that the nanoparticles derived from the methanolic extract of leaves (Methicillin resistance S. aureus [ZOI: 23 ± 0.57 mm] and fruits (MDR P. aeruginosa [ZOI: 26.5 ± 0.57 mm]) exhibit comparable zone of inhibition against multi-drug resistant pathogens. Moreover, the antifungal efficacy of Bi2O3 nanoparticles derived from the methanol extract of the fruits (R. necatrix [59.29 ± 0.80 %]) was shown to be superior to that of nanoparticles obtained from the methanol extract of the leaves. Addition, the methanol extract of the flower demonstrated a superior photocatalytic activity, specifically 94.44 %, using Bi2O3 nanoparticles.

Bismuth oxide nanoparticles enabled sensitive electrochemical determination of Vitamin B12

The intake and monitoring of vitamin B12 levels are highly essential to maintain a healthy body condition. Herein, we report bismuth oxide nanoparticles (Bi2O3 NPs) facilitated electrochemical sensing of vitamin B12 with admirable sensitivity, selectivity, and low detection limit. A facile hydrothermal method was adopted for synthesizing Bi2O3 NPs and their physico-chemical properties were analyzed using various techniques. The electrochemical sensing of vitamin B12 was validated through cyclic voltammetry and differential pulse voltammetry techniques. The sensing results illustrate that the modified electrode exhibits a wide linear range between 10 nM and 275 nM with a low detection limit value of 3.66 nM. In addition to the enhanced electrocatalytic behavior, the Bi2O3 NPs have also enabled the discrimination of vitamin B12 from various potential interfering molecules (even adding a 5-fold concentration). The developed sensor also exhibits better stability, selectivity, and reproducibility towards the target analyte. Finally, the fabricated electrode was applied for the determination of vitamin B12 in serum, and plasma samples, and the results were highly satisfactory with recovery values of 98.4 % to 99.8 %.

Green synthesized SiO2/Bi2O3 nanocomposite sensor for catechol and hydroquinone detection in water

A new sensitive and selective electrochemical was constructed by modification of the carbon paste electrode (CPE) with SiO2/Bi2O3 nanocomposite (SiO2/Bi2O3/CPE) to quantify catechol (CT) and hydroquinone (HQ). The green synthesized SiO2 and Bi2O3 nanoparticles were characterized using X-ray diffraction (XRD), Fourier transform infrared (FTIR), scanning electron (SEM) and transmission electron (TEM) microscopy. Results indicated the formation of amorphous spherical SiO2 NPs and crystalline spherical Bi2O3 NPs with particle sizes of 6 and 25 nm, respectively. Cyclic voltammetry results showed the greater electrochemical activity of SiO2/Bi2O3/CPE compared with CPE, SiO2/CPE, and Bi2O3/CPE. This is due to the synergistic effect of SiO2/Bi2O3 nanocomposite leading to larger electroactive surface area. CT and HQ were determined using differential pulse voltammetry (DPV) in phosphate buffer solution at pH 7.2 in the linear ranges of 8.0 ×10−9 - 5.0 ×10−6 M and 5.0 ×10−9 - 5.0 ×10−6 M with the detection limits of 7.0 ×10−10 M and 7.5 ×10−10 M, respectively. The diffusion coefficients of CT and HQ were calculated by chronoamperometry as 1.2 × 10−6 cm2/s and 7 × 10−6 cm2/s, respectively. The sensor demonstrated excellent repeatability and stability allowing the estimation of CT and HQ in Nile river, tap and bottled real water samples with high recoveries.

Synthesis of folate targeted theranostic cubosomal platform for co-delivery of bismuth oxide and doxorubicin to melanoma in vitro and in vivo

Liquid crystalline nanoparticles (LCNPs) have gained much attention in cancer nanomedicines due to their unique features such as high surface area, storage stability, and sustained-release profile. In the current study, a novel LCNP for co-encapsulation of Bi2O3 and hydrophilic doxorubicin (DOX) was fabricated and functionalized with folic acid (FA) to achieve efficient tumor targeting toward CT-scan imaging and chemotherapy of melanoma in vitro and in vivo. LCNPs Bi2O3 NPs were prepared using glycerol monooleate-pluronic F-127 (GMO/PF127/water). Firstly, GMO/water were homogenized to prepare LC gel. Then, the stabilizer aqueous solution (PF127/Bi2O3/DOX) was added to the prepared LC gel and homogenized using homogenization and ultrasonication. The formulated NPs exhibited superior stability with encapsulation efficiency. High cytotoxicity and cellular internalization of the FA-Bi2O3-DOX-NPs were observed in comparison with Bi2O3-DOX-NPs and the free DOX in folate-receptor (FR) overexpressing cells (B16F10) in vitro. Moreover, ideal tumor suppression with increased survival rate were observed in tumorized mice treated with FA–Bi2O3-DOX-NPs compared to those treated with non-targeted one. On the other hand, the CT-imaging ability of the Bi2O3-DOX-NPs was tested inB16F10 tumor-bearing mice. The obtained data indicated a high potential of the developed targeted theranostic FA-Bi2O3-DOX-NPs for diagnostics and treatment of melanoma.

Green synthesis of copper doped bismuth oxide: A novel inorganic material for photocatalytic mineralization of Trypan blue dye

The incorporation of appropriate metal ions into a semiconductor lattice allows for the development of innovative photocatalysts with suppressed electron/hole pair recombination rates, enhanced photon-capturing capabilities, and accelerated kinetics. In this work, we use environmentally friendly methods to produceCu-doped bismuth oxide (Bi2−xCuxO3) nanoparticles for use in the efficient removal of the diazo dye, Trypan blue (TB), from textile discharges. Doped and undoped samples were characterized using structural (PXRD & FTIR), electronic (SEM & EDX), optical (UV/vis & photoluminescence), and electrical (I-V) methods to confirm Cu-doping, nanoscale synthesis, band gap reduction and process, induced structural defects, and intrinsic conductivity enhancement. Our Bi2−xCuxO3NPs exhibit extraordinary photo-destruction capability and promising stability compared to undoped Bi2O3 NPs due to the synergistic impacts of the aforementioned developed feature. After 48 min of W-lamp light irradiation, TB dye photo-destruction efficiencies were determined to be 55.4 % over Bi2O3 and 85.5 % over Bi2−xCuxO3catalysts under optimal conditions (pH = 6, catalyst dosage = 20 mg, dye concentration = 15 ppm). The Bi2−xCuxO3 NPs still have more than 93 % photocatalytic activity after five sessions of TB dye annihilation, and the post-activity XRD demonstrates that their structure and phase have not been altered. The findings obtained from our study demonstrate that the Cu-doped bismuth oxide nanocatalyst, manufactured using environmentally friendly methods, has great potential for environmental remediation applications. Specifically, it exhibits promising effectiveness in degrading azo dyes in the wastewater of various sectors such as textile, leather, food, and printing.

Optical characterization and electrical behavior of bismuth oxide nanoparticles modified PEO/PVP matrix via laser ablation for electrical applications

The effect of bismuth oxide (Bi2O3) nanoparticles synthesized via laser ablation route on polymeric materials composed of PEO/PVP blend was studied. The future utilization of these materials is highly dependent on their structural, morphology, thermal, and electrical qualities being improved. The observed disappearance of the patterns at 2θ = 19.6° and 23.7° in XRD can be attributed to the elevated temperature resulting from the laser beam, which in turn causes the breakup of PEO-PVP chains which confirm the incorporation of Bi2O3 nanoparticles in PEO-PVP complex. The crystal size of Bi2O3 nanoparticles has been determined to be 20 nm. FT-IR spectra confirms the interactions between Bi2O3 nanoparticles and PEO-PVP matrix. Ultraviolet/Visible (UV–Vis) analysis obtains reducing in band-gap by increasing Bi2O3 nanoparticles concentration upon the blend. The change in surface morphology is confirmed by FESEM images by appearing white spots on the surface of PEO-PVP and increasing cluster size of PEO of composite by addition of Bi2O3 NPs. Also, the thermal stability is improved by shifting Thermogravimetric (TG) curves doped with Bi2O3 NPs toward higher temperature by increasing ablation time. Electrical conductivity results show reducing in both dielectric constant (ε′) and dielectric loss (ε'') as the frequency rises. The modifications in both optical and electrical conductivity characterization lead to optimizing compositions in electrical applications.

Micelle assisted synthesis of bismuth oxide nanoparticles for improved chemocatalytic degradation of toxic Congo red into non-toxic products

Bi2O3 NPs catalyze congo red decolourization and make it non-toxic.

Evaluation of the Effect of Different Nanoparticles on the Mass Attenuation Coefficient of a Shield in Diagnostic Radiology: A Monte Carlo Study

Purpose: This research aimed to estimate the Mass Attenuation Coefficient (MAC) for the various nanoparticles in diagnostic imaging in order to assess and compare the changes in a bulk state.
 Materials and Methods: To Using Monte Carlo N-Particle eXtended (MCNPX) code, nanoparticles were simulated in the target in order to compute the MAC considering the target. The Materials, including Bi, Pb NPs, Pb, W NPs, W, PbO NPs, Bi NPs, Bi2O3 NPs, and WO3 NPs were used in the present study. The gathered data were compared with the theoretical results of the XCOM software for validation.
 Results: The findings demonstrated that the radioprotective characteristics of nanoparticles in comparison to the bulk materials were better. Among all these nanoparticles, the rate of attenuation of tungsten nanoparticles was higher than that of other nanoparticles. On the other hand, the density and attenuation rate of nanoparticles of PbO, Bi2O3 and WO3 were lower than those of nanoparticles Pb, W, and Bi. Therefore, all of the abovementioned nanoparticles were lightweight and their design was more flexible than that of bulk materials.
 Conclusion: It was concluded that the use of nanoparticles in the protective materials considerably increased the radioprotective characteristics in the diagnostic radiography energy range.

Characterization of Bismuth Trioxide Nanoparticles and Evaluating Binding Affinity with Proteins

AbstractProtein‐nanoparticle conjugation, or protein‐corona, is important for nanomedicine, nano diagnostic, and nano therapy applications. α‐Bismuth oxide nanoparticles (α‐Bi2O3 NPs) were prepared from bismuth nitrate powder using the sol‐gel method and characterized using various techniques, including Energy Dispersive X‐Ray Spectroscopy (EDS), X‐ray Diffraction (XRD), Raman spectroscopy, Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM), Transmission Electron Microscopy (TEM), UV‐VIS‐NIR Spectroscopy, and Brunauer‐Emmett‐Teller (BET). X‐ray diffraction studies revealed that NPs are in the alpha phase with a monoclinic structure. The energy band gap, average surface area and crystallite size are 2.81 eV, 2.42 m2, and 15–106 nm, respectively. Transmission electron microscopy revealed particle size is 32.21 nm, with a d‐spacing of 2.529 Å. The surface‐to‐volume ratio is calculated and found to be 2.553×106 m−1. For the first time, a direct protein interaction with NPs was examined with standard proteins such as bovine serum albumin (BSA), carbonic anhydrase, phosphorylase b, and total human serum proteins and analyzed using mass spectroscopy. Proteomic analysis showed that proteins such as BSA, phosphorylase b, and carbonic anhydrase exhibited a strong affinity with Bi2O3 NPs. However, it was found that there was less or no association between Annexin A6, human serum albumin, Zinc finger protein, and Bestrophin‐2 with Bi2O3 NPs.

AJWAIN SEEDS AS CAPPING AGENT FOR Bi2O3 NANOFLAKES: SYNTHESIS AND GROWTH INHIBITING EFFICIENCY OF BACTERIA

Objective: This work is mainly focused to determine the antibacterial activity of the green synthesized Bi2O3 nanoparticles against the bacterial strains, Staphylococcus aureus and Escherichia coli using resazurin as indicator.
 Methods: Bismuth oxide nanoparticles were synthesized from the precursor bismuth nitrate [Bi (NO3)3.5H20] by using trachyspermum ammi (ajwain) seed extract. To carry out these works, the synthesized Bi2O3 NPs undergone characterizations and were confirmed by UV-Vis, FT-IR, XRD, SEM and EDAX, TGA-DTA and DLS. Biological activity was done using a well diffusion method.
 Results: Bi2O3 NP's has been tested against bacteria (S. aureus and E. coli) in wells and shows blue colour, indicating bacterial growth inhibition in a dose-dependent manner for different concentrations.
 Conclusion: The biological studies were done with one gram-positive and one gram-negative bacteria to show the inhibiting efficiency. The synthesized bismuth oxide nanoparticles showed good anti-bacterial activity (different concentrations) against S. aureus and E. coli.

Surface Modification of Bi2O3 Nanoparticles with Biotinylated β-Cyclodextrin as a Biocompatible Therapeutic Agent for Anticancer and Antimicrobial Applications.

Bismuth oxide nanoparticles with appropriate surface chemistry exhibit many interesting properties that can be utilized in a variety of applications. This paper describes a new route to the surface modification of bismuth oxide nanoparticles (Bi2O3 NPs) using functionalized beta-Cyclodextrin (β-CD) as a biocompatible system. The synthesis of Bi2O3 NP was done using PVA (poly vinyl alcohol) as the reductant and the Steglich esterification procedure for the functionalization of β-CD with biotin. Ultimately, the Bi2O3 NPs are modified using this functionalized β-CD system. The particle size of the synthesized Bi2O3 NPs is found to be in the range of 12-16 nm. The modified biocompatible systems were characterized using different characterization techniques such as Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), X-ray powder diffraction (XRD) and Differential Scanning Calorimetric analysis (DSC). Additionally, the antibacterial and anticancerous effects of the surface-modified Bi2O3 NP system were also investigated.

Grafting red clay with Bi2O3 nanoparticles into epoxy resin for gamma-ray shielding applications

We developed new composites for photons shielding applications. The composite were prepared with epoxy resin, red clay and bismuth oxide nanoparticles (Bi2O3 NPs). In order to establish which ratio of red clay to Bi2O3 NPs provides the best shielding capabilities, several different ratios of red clay to Bi2O3 NPs were tested. The transmission factor (TF) was calculated for two different thicknesses of each sample. From the TF data, we found that epoxy resin materials have a high attenuation capacity at low energy. For ERB-10 sample (40%Epoxy + 50% Red clay + 10% Bi2O3 NPs), the TF values are 52.3% and 14.3% for thicknesses of 0.5 and 1.5 cm (at 0.06 MeV). The composite which contains the maximum amount of Bi2O3 nanoparticles (40%Epoxy + 50% Red clay + 10% Bi2O3 NPs, coded as ERB-30) has lower TF than the other composites. The TF data demonstrated that ERB-30 is capable of producing more effective attenuation from gamma rays. We also determined the linear attenuation coefficient (LAC) for the prepared composites and we found that the LAC increases for a given energy in proportion to the Bi2O3 NPs ratio. For the ERB-0 (free Bi2O3 NPs), the LAC at 0.662 MeV is 0.143 cm−1, and it increases to 0.805 cm−1 when 10% of Bi2O3 NPs is added to the epoxy resin composite. The half value layer (HVL) results showed that the thickness necessary to shield that photons to its half intensity can be significantly lowered by increasing the weight fraction of the Bi2O3 NPs in the epoxy resin composite from 0 to 30%. The HVL for ERB-20 and ERB-30 were compared with other materials such as (Epoxy as a matrix material and Al2O3, Fe2O3, MgO and ZrO2 as filler oxides in the matrix at 0.662 MeV. The HVL values for ERB-20 and ERB-30 are 4.385 and 3.988 cm and this is lower than all the selected epoxy polymers.

Bismuth oxide nanoparticles (Bi2O3 NPs) embedded into recycled- Poly(vinyl chloride) plastic sheets as a promising shielding material for gamma radiation

In this work, novel γ-ray shielding materials based on recycled poly (vinyl chloride) (r-PVC) were prepared via melt mixing and compression molding technique. The designed materials are low-cost plastic wastes, ductile and lightweight, doped with xBi2O3 NPs (x = 0.0%, 5.0%, 15.0%, 25.0% and 35.0% (w/w)) as a non-toxic nanofiller. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and X-ray diffraction (XRD) were used to explore the characteristics of the as-prepared r-PVC/Bi2O3 nanocomposites. The γ-ray shielding effectiveness of the r-PVC/Bi2O3 nanocomposites were evaluated using NaI(Tl) scintillation detector at different γ-ray photon energies (121, 334, 778, 963, 1112 and 1408 keV) emitted from Eu-152 standard radioactive point source. For each of the mentioned photon energies, the mass attenuation coefficients (μm) were measured and compared to the Bi2O3 NPs’ doping ratio. The results showed that as the content of Bi2O3 NPs was increased in the nanocomposite, the value of μm significantly increased. In particular, the r-PVC nanocomposite sample containing 35.0 wt% Bi2O3 NPs exhibited the highest μm (2.5301 ± 0.22 at 121 keV). The μm was also calculated theoretically, using the MCNP5 simulation code. Experimental data of μm for all the tested nanocomposites were comparable to that obtained from a theoretical calculation. Moreover, the experimentally measured linear attenuation coefficient was the first step in calculating other shielding parameters, including half-value layer (HVL), tenth value layer (TVL), and mean free path (MFP). These parameters confirmed that addition of Bi2O3 NPs resulted in a higher shielding efficiency for r-PVC. Finally, this study shows that addition of Bi2O3 NPs to r-PVC facilitates the production of lead-free and sustainable polymer nanocomposites with improved γ-ray shielding characteristics, which can be used in nuclear energy applications, as alternatives to the shielding materials currently in use.

Synthesis of Bi2O3 NPs with polyethylene glycol and investigation of photodegradation of phenazopyridine in aqueous solution

The synthesis of Bi2O3 by a simple chemical route in the presence of polyvinylpyrrolidone (PP) as surfactant was studied. The sample was characterized by XRD, FTIR, and DRS techniques. Its pHpzc was estimated about 9.5. Crystallite size of the as-synthesized sample was estimated about 45 and 14 nm by the Scherrer and Williamson-Hall models, respectively. Band gap energy was estimated about 2.98 eV using the adsorption edge wavelength, while by using the Kubelka-Munk theory Eg-values of 3.21, 3.13, 3.27, and 3.24 eV were obtained for n-values of 2, 1/2, 3/2, and 3, respectively. The photocatalytic performance of the Bi2O3 NPs was evaluated against phenazopyridine as a model pollutant. Experimental optimized parameters were as adsorbent dosage = 0.7 g/L, contact time = 60 min, pH 7, illumination time: 60 min, CPP: 20 ppm. The photocatalytic kinetics model obeyed the pseudo-first order kinetic model.

Cellular analysis on the radiation induced bystander effects due to bismuth oxide nanoparticles with 6 MV photon beam radiotherapy

BackgroundThe therapeutic strategies in killing the cancerous tissue while keeping the normal healthy tissue uninterrupted can be further improved by introducing nanoparticles as radiosensitizer in radiotherapy. Nevertheless, healthy cells might still be affected by radiation-induced bystander effect (RIBE) response due the presence of nanoparticles. Thus, the potential negative effects in non-irradiated adjacent cells must be investigated. AimThe current study aims to explore the cellular effects of bismuth oxide nanoparticles (Bi2O3 NPs) on human breast cancer (MCF-7) and human foetal osteoblast (hFOB 1.19) cells due to the RIBE after irradiation with 6 MV clinical photon beam. Materials and methodsThe irradiated-cell conditioned medium (ICCM) treated with and without Bi2O3 NPs from the irradiated cells were collected and then transferred into the non-targeted cells. The ability of the bystander cells to proliferate and their ROS generation were analyzed. DNA status of the cells and the possibility of apoptosis were evaluated using FTIR spectroscopy and MUSE Cell Analyzer, respectively. ResultsThe current study revealed that MCF-7 and hFOB 1.19 bystander cells may continue to proliferate and survive following short and long-term incubation with ICCM treatment with Bi2O3 NPs. The survival rate of the treated bystander cells increased approximately 3%–8% compared to the untreated group. Although the bystander cells exhibited an increase in ROS and apoptosis, the addition of Bi2O3 NPs had no significant detrimental influence on the cells. Variation in the DNA vibrational amplitude detected by FTIR in bystander cells was less than 5% compared to the control group. ConclusionThis study discovered that the application of Bi2O3 NPs as a radiosensitizer did not give a negative impact on the bystander cells. This outcome may give an advantage to the application of Bi2O3 NPs as radiosensitizer in radiotherapy to enhance cancer cells death without introducing further detrimental effects to the non-targeted cells.

Biosynthesized δ-Bi2O3 Nanoparticles from Crinum viviparum Flower Extract for Photocatalytic Dye Degradation and Molecular Docking.

Bioinspired delta-bismuth oxide nanoparticles (δ-Bi2O3 NPs) have been synthesized using a greener reducing agent and surfactant via co-precipitation method. The originality of this work is the use of Crinum viviparum flower extract for the first time for the fabrication of NPs, which were further calcined at 800 °C to obtain δ-Bi2O3 NPs. Physicochemical studies such as FTIR spectroscopy and XPS confirmed the formation of Bi2O3 NPs, whereas XRD and Raman verified the formation of the cubic delta (δ) phase of Bi2O3 NPs. However, HRTEM revealed the spherical shape with diameter 10–20 nm, while BET studies expose mesoporous nature with a surface area of 71 m2/gm. The band gap for δ-Bi2O3 NPs was estimated to be 3.45 eV, which ensured δ-Bi2O3 to be a promising photocatalyst under visible-light irradiation. Therefore, based on the results of physicochemical studies, the bioinspired δ-Bi2O3 NPs were explored as active photocatalysts for the degradation of toxic dyes, viz., Thymol blue (TB) and Congo red (CR) under visible-light irradiation. The study showed 98.26% degradation of TB in 40 min and 69.67% degradation of CR in 80 min by δ-Bi2O3 NPs. The photogenerated holes and electrons were found responsible for this enhancement. Furthermore, molecular docking investigations were also performed for δ-Bi2O3 NPs to understand its biological function as New Delhi metallo-β-lactamase 1 (NDM-1) [PDB ID 5XP9] enzyme inhibitor, and studies revealed good interaction with various amino acid residues and found good hydrogen bonding with a fine pose energy of −3.851 kcal/mole.

Study of in vitro cytotoxic performance of biosynthesized α-Bi2O3 NPs, Mn-doped and Zn-doped Bi2O3 NPs against MCF-7 and HUVEC cell lines

Green-synthesized nanoparticles can be applicable in designing an effective, efficient, and low-risk treatment for cancer. In this regard, we introduced a novel and eco-friendly method for preparing pure α-Bi2O3, Mn-doped Bi2O3, and Zn-doped Bi2O3 nanoparticles with potent cytotoxic activity through the application of Salvadora persica extract as the green reactive, reducing, and capping agent. The biosynthesis and characterization of our product was supported by the results of powder X-ray Powder Diffraction (PXRD), Energy Dispersive X-Ray (EDAX), Field Emission Scanning Electron Microscopy (FESEM), Transmission Electron Microscopy (TEM), Fourier-Transform Infrared (FT-IR), and Raman analysis. The outcomes of SEM analysis displayed the porous morphology of pure α-Bi2O3 nanoparticles, whereas the doping of Zn and Mn turned their structure into a conical shape. The TEM results presented the hexagonal shape of pure α-Bi2O3 NPs with a particle size mean of 46 nm. Additionally, the Zn-doped Bi2O3 nanoparticles consisted spherical particles with 32 nm of size mean, while the Mn-doped Bi2O3 NPs were approximately hexagonal with a particle size mean of 41 nm. The success of doping process was proven by the EDX analysis. Next to their high potential in cytotoxic performance against cancer cell line, the results of MTT assay confirmed the potent cytotoxic activity of synthesized nanoparticles against breast cancer (MCF-7) and human umbilical vein endothelial (HUVEC) cells as well. Considering these observations, these products can be suggested as a proper candidate for biological and medical applications.

Probe Sonicated Synthesis of Bismuth Oxide (Bi2O3): Photocatalytic Application and Electrochemical Sensing of Ascorbic Acid and Lead

A simple and low‐cost and highly calibrated probe sonication method was used to prepare bismuth oxide nanoparticles (Bi2O3 NPs). The formation of a well‐crystalline sample at the end of the product has been further calcined at 600°C for 2 hrs. The powder X‐ray diffraction (PXRD) patterns of the NPs substantiated the monoclinic structure (space group P21/c), and the average crystallite size was found to be 60 nm, which was also confirmed by transmission electron microscopic (TEM) studies. Scanning electron microscopic (SEM) images depicted highly porous Bi2O3 NPs with little agglomeration. Utilizing diffused reflectance spectra (DRS) data, the energy bandgap (Eg) value of 3.3 eV was deduced for Bi2O3 NPs, and their semiconductor behavior has been confirmed. Two dyes, methylene blue (MB) and acid green (AG) were utilized for degradation studies using Bi2O3 NPs under UV light irradiation (from 0 to 120 min). The photocatalytic degradation was found to be maximum for MB (93.45%) and AR (97.80%) dyes. Cyclic voltammetric (CV) and sensor studies using the electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) were performed. The specific capacitance value of 25.5 Fg-1 was deduced from the cyclic voltammograms of the Bi2O3 electrode in 0.1 N HCl with a scan rate of 10 to 50 mV/s. From the obtained EIS data, the Bi2O3 electrode showed pseudocapacitive characteristics. The prepared electrodes also exhibited high sensitivity towards the detection of ascorbic acid and lead. Hence, sonochemically synthesized Bi2O3 NPs are possibly hopeful for excellent photocatalytic and electrochemical sensing of biomolecules.