Bi2O3 Content Research Articles

The mechanical and radiation shielding characteristics of the Li2O-Bi2O3-CdO-B2O3 glass system after swapping Li2O with Bi2O3

This study examined the impact of substituting Li2O with Bi2O3 on the mechanical and radiation shielding capabilities of the Li2O-Bi2O3-CdO-B2O3 glass system. The glasses' Young's (E), bulk (K), shear (S), and Poisson's ratio (ϑ) were computed using Makishima and Mackenzie's known formulae. The ENDF/B-VIII EPICS2017 collection was used to calculate the photon cross section, linear attenuation coefficient (LAC), mass attenuation coefficient (MAC), half-value layer (HVL), mean free path (MFP), and effective atomic number (Zeff) of the sample glasses for photon energies ranging from 122 to 1333 keV. The EPICS2017 was generated using the EpiXS interpolation software. With the addition of Bi2O3, E dropped from 84 to 37 GPa, whereas K dropped from 66 to 20 GPa. With Bi2O3 content, S showed a similar pattern, dropping from 33 to 15 GPa., similar to the E, K, and S trends. The sample glass cross sections are large at lower energies, but as the photon energy increases, they get smaller. As the Bi2O3 is replaced with Li2O oxide, the cross sections decrease. For low energies, the sample glass's MAC and LAC are significant, but as photon energy increases, they become smaller. The sample glasses are more likely to shield lower-energy rays. The gap between its atoms is the closest in Li0 glass, which has the greatest density of the five glass samples. As a result, it has the greatest number of photon interactions and the shortest mean free path. Li0 has the thinnest HVL since MFP is directly related to it.

Optical properties and radiation shielding competence of Bi/Te-BGe glass system containing B2O3 and GeO2

In this study we present the optical features including several parameters, gamma-ray photon and fast neutron absorption parameters of quaternary glasses with the chemical structure: xBi2O3 + (80-x)TeO2 + 10B2O3 + 10GeO2 for x = 40, 50, and 60 mol% and coded as Bi/Te-BGe1, Bi/Te-BGe2, and Bi/Te-BGe3 respectively. The FLUKA Monte Carlo and XCOM code were used to evaluate the photon shielding parameters of the glasses for energies between 0.284 and 2.506 MeV. The optical quantities such as the molar refractivity Rm, molar polarizability αmol, reflectance loss (Rloss), optical transmission (Topt), metallization criterion (M) and the static dielectric constant εstaof the glasses were estimated to understand their optical characteristic. Mass attenuation coefficient of 0.345, 0.368, and 0.386 cm2/g was obtained for Bi/Te-BGe1–3 respectively at 0.284 MeV. Evaluated Zeff ranged from 30.94 to 53.22, 32.73 – 56.29, 34.52 – 58.75 for the Bi/Te-BGe1–3 glasses respectively. The HVL within the investigated energy similar to other estimated photon shielding parameters showed great enhancement as the density and Bi2O3 content of the glasses improved. Similar improvement on the fast neutron removal cross section also increased from 0.1141 to 0.1178 cm−1 as bismuth oxide increases in the glass system. The estimated optical parameters also showed great dependence on the chemical structure of the glasses. The present Bi/Te-BGe1–3 glasses showed excellent fast neutron and photon absorption capacity compared to some common shields; this makes them potentially useful for radiation protection applications.

Effect of Bi2O3 contents on magnetic and electromagnetic properties of LiZnMn ferrite ceramics

Soft LiZnMn ferrites with low coercive force values and small grain sizes were developed by the solution combustion synthesis and low temperature sintering technique for microwave applications at a high frequencies. Bismuth oxide was used as an additive to lower the sintering temperature. The examination covered the influence of Bi2O3 on the crystal structure, microstructure, primary magnetic and dielectric characteristics of lithium-zinc-manganese ferrites. The most promising sample designed for using in microwave devices was produced by sintering at 1075 ℃ temperature for 8 h with added 1.5 wt% Bi2O3. These production conditions have yielded 2.98 µm average grain size in a ceramic product, the density is 4.84 cu cm/g, and the coercive force, residual induction, and saturation induction are 58 A/m, 2078.4 G, and 3439.1 G, respectively. In addition, this sample demonstrates a high initial magnetic permeability (μi = 168), Curie temperature (Tc = 437.5 ℃), high values of the dielectric loss tangent (tan δɛ = 6.32⸱10−3), ferromagnetic resonance line width (ΔH = 280 Oe) and the resonance line of spin waves (ΔHk = 1.87 Oe). Further increase in the bismuth oxide content allows observing a change in the ceramics microstructure, accompanied by a deterioration in the magnetic and electromagnetic characteristics. Here, the discussion covers the mechanism of change in the functional properties of lithium-zinc-manganese ferrites produced in the conditions of solution combustion with added bismuth oxide. Thus, synthesizing of initial pre-ceramic powder by glycine-nitrate combustion and subsequent low-temperature sintering with added bismuth oxide is a novel efficient technique of producing advanced soft high-frequency LiZnMn ferrites.

Scoping studies for low-temperature melting ZnO–Bi2O3–(B2O3, SiO2) binder glass

Low melting point glass systems were explored as candidates for binders of solid oxide nuclear wastes which include volatile elements such as radioactive iodine. The base glass systems considered were ZnO–Bi2O3–B2O3 and ZnO–Bi2O3–SiO2, with specific compositions selected for synthesis trials based on available phase diagrams and a desire to explore the whole glass-forming region. Ten compositions were synthesized by melt quenching. Promising candidate glass binders were selected based on the absence of crystallization and favorable thermal properties, including low glass transition temperature (Tg) combined with a high crystallization onset temperature. These thermal properties indicate stable glass forming which would lead to sintering behavior needed for glass binding. Compositional effects include: higher Bi2O3 content led to lower Tg values, high ZnO content generally led to crystallization on quench, and high SiO2 content resulted in requirements for excessively high melting temperature. 25ZnO–15Bi2O3–60B2O3 was down-selected for some detailed crystallization versus time and temperature studies.Graphical abstract

Gallium (III) oxide reinforced novel heavy metal oxide (HMO) glasses: A focusing study on synthesis, optical and gamma-ray shielding properties

In this study, three heavy metal oxide glasses (A:46.0PbO-42.0Bi2O3-12.0Ga2O3,B:45.94PbO-42.66Bi2O3-10.0Ga2O3-1.4BaO, C:72.8PbO-17.0GeO2-10.2Ga2O3) were synthesized to determine their optical and gamma-ray shielding properties in terms of assessing their potential applications in medical and industrial radiation facilities. Glasses were synthesized using melt quenching method. The optical band gap energy is calculated by the absorption spectrum measured at room temperature. We found a large band at 500 nm that refers to Bi+ions and appears to samples A and B that contain Bi2O3 in their compositions. Optical band gap energies were reported as 2.014 ev, 2.055 eV and 2.430 eV for A, B and C samples, respectively. Next, fundamental gamma-ray parameters were also determined using MCNPX general Monte Carlo code and Phy-X/PSD in 0.15–15 MeV photon energy. Our findings clearly showed that the B sample, which includes the highest concentration of Bi2O3, has a considerable advantage in terms of gamma-ray attenuation. Moreover, the results also showed that sample B has significantly higher attenuation properties than shielding concretes and several glass shields. It can be concluded that Bi2O3 is a useful component for heavy metal oxide glasses in terms of improving gamma-ray shielding capabilities for radiation shielding applications.

Gamma radiation shielding studies on highly dense barium bismuth borate glasses

AbstractTransparent dense barium bismuth borate (BBB) glasses in ternary x(BaO–Bi2O3)–(1–x)B2O3 system, with x = .15, .25, .35, and .45, were prepared by the melt‐quenching process. Density of the glasses increased to 7.145 g/cm3 with increasing BaO–Bi2O3 content. Gamma radiation shielding performance of the glasses was estimated by studying mass attenuation coefficients (MAC) and effective atomic numbers, using XCOM software as a function of photon energy. Subsequently, experimental MAC values of the glasses were measured using 152Eu and 60Co sources by the radiation transmission method. Measured and calculated MAC values of the glasses were in close agreement. Equivalent atomic numbers, exposure, and energy absorption buildup factors were analyzed at different mean free paths and photon energies using Phy‐X software. Dense glasses exhibited large effective atomic numbers and radiation shielding characteristics comparable with the dense heavy metal oxide glasses. Effective atomic numbers of the glasses were found to be close to the heavy metallic elements (Pb, W, and Hf) at low gamma energies. Radiation shielding ability of the glasses is discussed by comparing with the recently reported radiation shielding glasses and conventional shielding materials. Lead‐free and dense transparent BBB glasses in the present study can be effective in radiation shielding for radiological applications.

High density binary TeO2–Bi2O3 glasses: strong potential as a nontoxic and environmentally friendly glass shields for photons/charged particles

Ionizing radiation/charged particles shielding capacity of high density bismuth tellurite based glasses: (100-x)TeO2+xBi2O3 with x = 5(TB5), 8(TB8), 10(TB10), 12(TB12), and 15 (TB15) mol% have been examined. New Phy-X/PSD software has been applied to achieve this aim. The gamma radiation shielding parameters such as mass/linear attenuation coefficients (MAC/LAC), half value thickness (HVT), effective atomic number/electron density (Zeff/Neff) and mean free path (MFP) were estimated for thirteen (13) energies in the range of 0.2835–2.506 MeV associated with 60Co, 137Cs, 131I, and 22Na sources. Comparatively, the obtained values revealed that (MAC/LAC)TB5 < (MAC/LAC)TB8 < (MAC/LAC)TB10 < (MAC/LAC)TB12 < (MAC/LAC)TB15. The Zeff and Neff varies from 25.01 to 43.96 and 2.69–4.25 × 1023 electrons/gram. The (HVT/MFP)TB15 < (HVT/MFP)TB12 < (HVT/MFP)TB10 < (HVT/MFP)TB8 < (HVT/MFP)TB5. The variation of the total stopping power (SP) of electron was obeyed the trend: (SP)TB5 < (SP)TB8 < (SP)TB10 < (SP)TB12 < (SP)TB15. Results revealed that the increase in the Bi2O3 content of the glasses has a positive influence on their photon absorbing ability.

Enhancing the gamma-ray attenuation parameters of mixed bismuth/barium borosilicate glasses: Using an experimental method, Geant4 code and XCOM software

In this paper, we scrutinize the availability of borosilicate glassy systems doped with mixed heavy metals as radiation shielding attenuators; for this purpose, a glass system [20SiO2 + 54B2O3 +1NiO + xBi2O3 + (25-x) BaO], x = 5, 10, 15, 20 and 25 mol.%] was prepared using melt quenching procedures. The optical transmittance of the glassy specimens was measured in the ultraviolet–visible range to study the influence of bismuth oxide on the transparency. The density and molar volume of the prepared glasses were increased from 3.31 to 4.51 g/cm3 and from 31.47 to 36.96 cm³/mole, respectively, as the concentration of Bi2O3 increased from 5 to 25 mol%. Moreover, the radiation shielding parameters, such as the mass and linear attenuation coefficients, the total atomic and electronic cross-sections, the effective atomic number, the effective electron density, and the half value layer and tenth value layer of these glasses were experimentally obtained at gamma-ray energies of 0.662, 1.173 and 1.332 MeV. We compared the measured linear attenuation coefficients with those simulated via Geant4 code and computed by XCOM software to ensure the accuracy in the experimental data. For all the current glasses, we found that the maximum linear attenuation coefficient occurred at 0.662 MeV and lied within the range of 0.246–0.365 cm−1. We also found that the values of both the linear and mass attenuation coefficients increased as Bi2O3 concentration was increased. Additionally, we found that the half value layer for the prepared glasses was smaller for the low energy (0.662 MeV) than the other energies, which confirmed that thin glass samples can shield from low energy photons. In terms of the tenth value layer, we report that the glass sample that contains 25 mol% of Bi2O3 had the smallest TVL. According to the obtained results, it can be stated that the borosilicate glasses doped with mixed heavy metals (BaO and Bi2O3) appeared to be transparent to the visible range and have good gamma-ray shielding features.

Density of Bismuth Boro Zinc Glasses Using Machine Learning Techniques

Machine learning techniques have been employed to predict the glass densities of xBi2O3–(70 − x)B2O3–20Li2O–5Sb2O3–5ZnO glasses using a data set of 2000 various B2O3 rich glasses using their chemical composition and ionic radius. The experimental density of present glasses strongly depends on Bi2O3 content which is increasing with bismuth content. The increasing density in bismuth doped glasses because the BO3 are converted into BO4 units, and besides BO3 units are less heavy than the BO4 units. The FTIR studies also confirm that the intensity of B–O–B bond decreasing with increasing Bi2O3 content which suggested that B–O–B bond in bond ring isolated to BO3 units transformed into BO4 units. In Raman Spectra the stretching vibrations of BO4 units shifting towards higher wavelengths with increasing Bi2O3 content. This shifting conforms that there is a structural changes in the glass-matrix and borate units converting from BO3 to BO4 units. The prepared glasses along with B2O3 rich glass data set train on various AI model such as gradient descent, Random Forest regression and Neural Networks to predict present density of glasses. Among the various models RF regression analysis model is successfully acceptable for the glass data with the highest R2 value 0.983 which end result conform that the predicted and experimental values correlated. ANNs stood the effective technique in prediction of glass density with the optimum performance resulting with Tanh as the activation function (R2 = 0.950). The minimum cost 0.018 obtained in the case of gradient decent function which also shows the better performance of regression model.

Effect of Bi2o3 Content on the Structure, Crystallization Behavior, and Acid Resistance of R2o-Bi2o3-B2o3-Sio2 Glass-Ceramics

Effect of Bi2o3 Content on the Structure, Crystallization Behavior, and Acid Resistance of R2o-Bi2o3-B2o3-Sio2 Glass-Ceramics

Refinement of optical/structural features and neutron/gamma-ray protecting capability of P2O5–Li2O–BaO phosphate glass system by adding Bi2O3

In this work, a new phosphate glass system with the nominal compositions 65P2O5 +10Li2O +(25-x)BaO + xBi2O3 was fabricated by using the conventional solid-state technique. Phosphate glasses were evaluated for their suitability in optical and radiation shielding applications. The amorphous nature of manufactured glasses was proved by utilizing an X-ray diffraction pattern. The density of glass samples was enhanced with rising Bi2O3 substitution ratio. UV–Vis absorption spectra were measured based on the concentration of Bi2O3 in PLBB glasses, optical energy band gap Eg for indirect and direct transitions were decreased from 3.43, 4.25 to 3.15, 3.95 eV with enhancing Bi2O3 substitution ratio respectively while urbach energy Eu was increased from 0.632 to 0.661 eV. The single oscillator energy (Eo) was found to decrease with increasing Bi2O3 however the average oscillator wavelength (λo) was increased. The Gamma-ray attenuation features of PLBB glasses were obtained via EpiXS program and MCNPX simulation codes. Mass attenuation coefficients (MAC) for PLBB0 and PLBB25 glasses were determined in the range of 14.995–0.0247 cm2/g and 43.912–0.0335 cm2/g, respectively. Outcomes obtained from MAC values and other photon shielding parameters such as MFP, HVL, Zeff, Nel, and EBF revealed that the replacement of Bi2O3 with BaO improves the capacity of PLBB glasses to reduce the intensity of gamma-rays. Furthermore, the macroscopic neutron cross section of PLBB25 glass with 25% Bi2O3 substitution is 0.133 cm−1 while it is 0.113 cm−1 for PLBB0 glass. The increase of Bi2O3 addition to the new phosphate glass system has remarkably improved both optical and nuclear radiation protecting properties.

Effect of Bismuth, Gadolinium, and Cadmium Nanoparticles on Biomass, Carotenoid, and Lipid Content of Dunaliella salina (Dunal) Teodoresco.

Dunaliella salina is an extremophytic microalga and known as an excellent source of β-carotene and eicosapentanoeic acid. Moreover, D. salina has also been used in aquaculture feeds to increase the growth rate of fish and shrimp. Hence, many studies have been involved in searching for new approaches to increase the biomass of D. salina in the aquatic farming industry. This is the first report investigating the effect of bismuth oxide (Bi2O3), gadolinium oxide (Gd2O3), and cadmium telluride (CdTe) nanoparticles (NPs) on the growth of D. salina in controlled laboratory conditions. Extensive growth curve analysis was performed along with biochemical assays to determine chlorophyll-a, carotenoid, and total lipid content of D. salina under the influence of NPs. It is revealed that the lower concentration (100µg/ml) of Bi2O3 is favorable for D. salina growth, while higher concentrations (200 and 300µg/ml) inhibited the cell proliferation significantly. Similarly, Bi2O3 treatment led to the increase in chlorophyll-a, carotenoid, and lipid content of microalga compared to untreated culture. Gd2O3 exerted a growth inhibitory effect on microalga for initial 15days which is later overcome by microalga showing a drastic increase in biomass after 60days of cultivation. However, CdTe NPs displayed minor elevation in growth rate. Interestingly, the presence of Gd2O3 NPs in culture media demonstrated the highest carotenoid and total lipid content of algal cells among all three-tested NPs. Hence, Gd2O3 NPs can be considered as a vital additive during the industrial culturing of D. salina.

Thermo-physical and elastic properties of Bi2O3 doped silica borotellurite glasses

Five different samples of bismuth silica borotellurite (BSBT) glasses with the empirical equation {[(TeO2)0.7 (B2O3)0.3]0.8 (RHA)0.2}1−x (Bi2O3)x was synthesized utilising the melt-quenching method. The glass density and molar volume illustrated increasing trend accordingly with the increase in the Bi2O3 content. The XRD analysis revealed a broad hump without intense peaks, indicating the glassy identity of the BSBT glasses. The FTIR spectra show the presence of five absorption bands. The longitudinal (44.657–54.263 GPa), shear (19.119–19.946 GPa), bulk (17.784–27.668 GPa) and Young (43.886–49.156 GPa) moduli of the glasses’ demonstrated non-uniform behaviour as the Bi2O3 concentration increased. The micro-hardness, softening temperature, Debye temperature and the latent heat of melting were presented. The elastic/mechanical parameters together with the thermo-physical properties of the studied glasses suggest the glasses are mechanically and thermally stable for applications in radiation shielding, optoelectronics and fibre optics.

Exploration of the B2O3-Bi2O3-MoO3 glass system based on its physical, optical, and gamma ray shielding capabilities

The physical, optical, and gamma ray shielding capabilities of the B2O3-Bi2O3-MoO3 glass system have been evaluated. The optical basicity of the current samples rises from 0.781 to 0.897 with increasing Bi2O3 concentration. The values of refractive index, dielectric constant and optical dielectric constant show uptrend and lies in the range of 2.248–2.346, 5.055–5.505, and 4.055–4.505 respectively with addition of Bi2O3 in the network. The Metallization criteria is found to decrease from 0.425 to 0.399 as the Bi2O3 concentration increases indicates that the samples are non-metallic in nature. The mass attenuation coefficient (MAC) of the selected glass system was calculated at 0.511 MeV photon energy using Phy-X software. We compared the MAC for the current glasses with B2O3 based glasses containing different amounts of Li2O and PbO. We found that the 50B2O3-30Bi2O3-20MoO3 glass has higher MAC than 35PbO-25Li2O-40B2O3, while 45B2O3-35Bi2O3-20MoO3 has close MAC to that of 45PbO-15Li2O-40B2O3. We also compared the current glasses with TeO2 based glasses containing different amounts of WO3 and MoO3. We found that the present glass system has much higher MAC than the WO3-MoO3-TeO2 glass system. Besides, the MAC for the present glasses was compared with TeO2 based glasses containing various amounts of ZnO and MoO3. The comparison demonstrated that all the glasses in the present work have much higher MAC than the ZnO-MoO3-TeO2 glasses.

Effect of Bi2O3 content on the structure and properties of Bi2O3-B2O3-BaO-ZnO glass

xBi2O3-(70-x)B2O3-8BaO-16ZnO-5.5SiO2-0.5Sb2O3(x=10-30mol%) glass was prepared by melt-quenching method. The microstructure, thermal properties, chemical stability and electrical properties of the glass were researched. The results show that all samples are in a good glass state. With the continuous increase of Bi2O3 content, the density and molar volume of the glass show a linear increase trend. In the glass structure, the vibration of [BiO3] and [BiO6] is increased, the total ratio of [BO3] and [BO4] is reduced and part of [BO4] is converted to [BO3]. The glass network structure becomes loose, resulting in an increase in the thermal expansion coefficient of the glass, and a decrease in the transition temperature and softening temperature. The water resistance and acid resistance of glass have been continuously enhanced. The resistivity maintained at a relatively high level and continues to increase.

Analysis of physical and mechanical traits and nuclear radiation transmission aspects of Gallium(III) trioxide constituting Bi2O3-B2O3 glasses

For five Ga2O3-Bi2O3-B2O3 composition glasses for improved Bi2O3 content at 25 to 65 mol% (10% continuously each time) at a fixed 10 mol% Ga2O3 amount, distinct physical and mechanical aspects and nuclear radiation attenuation factors were investigated. Increased Λ (optical basicity) values with a gradual Bi2O3 addition indicate studied samples’ improving basic character. Applying BC (bond compression) model key mechanical traits such as Ybc (Young’s modulus), Kbc (bulk modulus), S (shear modulus), L (longitudinal modulus), and σ (Poisson’s ratio) are evaluated where in all glasses 10Ga2O3-65Bi2O3-25B2O3 (mol%) sample exhibits superior elastic moduli. Enhanced Bi2O3 causes for compactness of the gallium borate network as ǹc (average cross-link density) improves from 2.3 to 3.4 indicating increased rigidity of glasses. Later, PHITS, FLUKA, and MCNPX codes are wielded to derive μ/ρ (mass attenuation coefficient) of all selected samples for photons having energy ranging from 15 KeV to 15 MeV. Simulated μ/ρ quantities exactitude is tested via Phy-X/PSD and WinXCOM programs’ μ/ρ results and identified a fairly good harmony among them. With photon energy, MFP (mean free path), TVL (tenth-value layer), and HVL (half-value layer) values variations show a similar tendency and against the trend which noticed for μ/ρ and μ (linear attenuation coefficient) values. 10Ga2O3-65Bi2O3-25B2O3 (mol%) sample’s MFP and HVL are correlated with five commercial γ-ray glass shields’ respective values at 1.25 MeV, 0.662 MeV (137Cs), and 0.2 MeV energies. Further, Zeq (equivalent atomic number) and using G–P (geometric progression) fitting approach for ten individual PDs (penetration depths) within 1–40 mfp range at 15 – 15 × 103 KeV energy region BUFs (buildup factors) were estimated. Attained RPE (radiation protection efficiency) findings attest all chosen Ga2O3-Bi2O3-B2O3 glasses’ competent absorption capacity for lower energy photons. Next, α-particles and protons MSPs (mass stopping powers), i.e. ΨA and ΨP and PRs (projected ranges), i.e. ΦA and ΦP by utilizing SRIM code as well as for electrons MSPs (ΨE) and CSDA (continuous slowing‐down approximation) ranges by ESTAR database have been calculated within 15–15 × 103 KeV KE (kinetic energy) range. Also, ΣR (fast neutron removal cross-section) and for 0.253 × 10–4 KeV energy neutrons σT (total cross-section) and SP (shielding percentage) values were approximated. With Bi2O3 addition, realized ΣR is changed at 0.1161–0.1213 cm−1 extent. For thermal neutrons absorption, 10Ga2O3-25Bi2O3-65B2O3 (mol%) glass shows larger σT (=17.534 cm−1) and at any considered thickness higher SP whereas 10Ga2O3-65Bi2O3-25B2O3 (mol%) (lead-free) glass has better attenuating features for photons affirming the incorporated Bi2O3 favorable effect.

Study of the efficiency of increasing the Bi2O3 concentration on the optical, radiation shielding and strength characteristics of 0.5TeO2-(0.5-x)WO3-xBi2O3 glasses

The work is devoted to the study of the effect of changes in the concentration of Bi 2 O 3 in the structure of 0.5TeO 2 -(0.5-x)WO 3 -xBi 2 O 3 telluride glasses on the optical, radiation shielding and strength characteristics. A mechanochemical method with subsequent sintering at a temperature of 1000 °C was chosen as a method for obtaining glasses. This method of producing glasses allows obtaining amorphous-like glasses with high strength values. During the determination of strength properties, it was found that an increase in the Bi 2 O 3 concentration leads to an increase in strength by 30–50% at concentrations x = 0.2–0.25. During measurements of optical properties, it was found that an increase in the Bi 2 O 3 concentration leads to a change in the transmission value, as well as a shift in the fundamental absorption edge. During tests to determine the radiation shielding efficiency of the synthesized glasses, it was found that an increase in the Bi 2 O 3 concentration leads to an increase in the radiation shielding characteristics by a factor of 1.5–2 when absorbing gamma quanta with energies of 660–1270 keV, and in the case of low-energy gamma quanta, their almost complete absorption. • Changes in density and porosity depending on the concentration of Bi 2 O 3 dopant. • The optical properties of glasses, band gap and refractive index were determined using the UV–Vis spectroscopy method. • TWBO-4 and TWBO-5 samples the shielding efficiency is more than 93% that demonstrates that practically all gamma quanta are absorbed in these glasses. • The shielding efficiency greater than 50% for TWBO-4 and TWBO-5 samples in the case of shielding of gamma quanta with an energy of 1270 keV.

Study of CNT Intercalated Bi2O3/PVDF Composite for Super Capacitors Applications

AbstractCarbon nanotube (CNT) intercalated‐bismuth oxide (CNT‐Bi2O3)/polyvinylidenefluoride (PVDF) composites are synthesized via sonication and roasting process. The phase structure, bonding, and morphology of CNT‐Bi2O3/PVDF composite are characterized using X‐ray diffraction (XRD), Fourier transform infrared spectrum (FTIR), and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). The capacitance and dielectric constant of the composite electrodes are studied by impedance analyzer. The capacitance and stability of CNT‐Bi2O3/PVDF composite are found to be increased on increasing concentration of Bi2O3 in PVDF composite. These results show that CNT‐Bi2O3/PVDF composite is a very promising electrode material for high‐performance super capacitors.

Experimental Investigation of Radiation Shielding Competence of Bi2O3-CaO-K2O-Na2O-P2O5 Glass Systems.

The gamma-ray shielding features of Bi2O3-CaO-K2O-Na2O-P2O5 glass systems were experimentally reported. The mass attenuation coefficient (MAC) for the fabricated glasses was experimentally measured at seven energy values (between 0.0595 and 1.33 MeV). The compatibility between the practical and theoretical results shows the accuracy of the results obtained in the laboratory for determining the MAC of the prepared samples. The mass and linear attenuation coefficients (MACs) increase with the addition of Bi2O3 and A4 glass possesses the highest MAC and LAC. A downward trend in the linear attenuation coefficient (LAC) with increasing the energy from 0.0595 to 1.33 MeV is found. The highest LAC is found at 1.33 MeV (in the range of 0.092–0.143 cm−1). The effective atomic number (Zeff) follows the order B1 > A1 > A2 > A3 > A4. This order emphasizes that increasing the content of Bi2O3 has a positive effect on the photon shielding proficiencies owing to the higher density of Bi2O3 compared with Na2O. The half value layer (HVL) is also determined and the HVL for the tested glasses is computed between 0.106 and 0.958 cm at 0.0595 MeV. The glass with 10 mol% of Bi2O3 has lower HVL than the glasses with 0, 2.5, 5, and 7.5 mol% of Bi2O3. So, the A4 glass needs a smaller thickness than the other glasses to shield the same radiation. As a result of the reported shielding parameters, inserting B2O3 provides lower values of these three parameters, which in turn leads to the development of superior photons shields.

Improving the microwave dielectric properties of BiCu3Ti3FeO12 with the addition of Bi2O3

In this work, the influence of the addition of Bi2O3 on the dielectric properties in the microwave range of BiCu3Ti3FeO12 (BCTFO) ceramic matrix and its potential application as a dielectric resonator antenna are analysed. X-ray diffraction shows that a reaction between BCTFO and Bi2O3 occurs that results in the formation of new crystalline phases. The morphology of the samples is studied by field-emission scanning electron microscopy and demonstrates a dependence of the grain size on the Bi2O3 content. From the Mössbauer spectroscopic analysis, it is found that the Fe3+ ions replace the Ti4+ in the crystalline structure. The addition of Bi2O3 also reduces the dielectric permittivity (ϵr ), dielectric loss (tan δ) and the coefficient of the resonance frequency (τf) values. Finally, numerical simulations are carried out in order to obtain the antenna parameters and they demonstrate that BCTFO could be a potential candidate for devices operating in the S-band.