Carbon Disulfide Research Articles

Early Detection of Ventilator-associated Pneumonia From Exhaled Breath in Intensive Care Unit Patients.

Evaluate associations between volatile organic compounds (VOCs) in heat and moisture exchange (HME) filters and the presence of ventilator-associated pneumonia (VAP). Clinical diagnostic criteria for VAP have poor interobserver reliability, and cultures are slow to result. Exhaled breath contains VOCs related to gram-negative bacterial proliferation, the most identified organisms in VAP. We hypothesized that exhaled VOCs on HME filters can predict nascent VAP in mechanically ventilated intensive care unit patients. Gas chromatography-mass spectrometry was used to analyze 111 HME filters from 12 intubated patients who developed VAP. Identities and relative amounts of VOCs were associated with dates of clinical suspicion and culture confirmation of VAP. Matched pairs t tests were performed to compare VOC abundances in HME filters collected within 3 days pre and postclinical suspicion of VAP (pneumonia days), versus outside of these days (non-pneumonia days). A receiver operating characteristic curve was generated to determine the diagnostic potential of VOCs. Carbon disulfide, associated with the proliferation of certain gram-negative bacteria, was found in samples collected during pneumonia days for 11 of 12 patients. Carbon disulfide levels were significantly greater ( P = 0.0163) for filters on pneumonia days. The Area Under the Curve of the Reciever Operating Characteristic curve (AUC ROC) for carbon disulfide was 0.649 (95% CI: 0.419-0.88). Carbon disulfide associated with gram-negative VAP can be identified on HME filters up to 3 days before the initial clinical suspicion, and approximately a week before culture confirmation. This suggests VOC sensors may have potential as an adjunctive method for early detection of VAP.

Bioorthogonal Delivery of Carbon Disulfide in Living Cells.

Carbon disulfide (CS2) is an environmental contaminant, which is deadly hazardous to the workers under chronic or acute exposure. However, the toxicity mechanisms of CS2 are still unclear due to the scarcity of biocompatible donors, which can release CS2 in cells. Here we developed the first bioorthogonal CS2 delivery system based on the "click-and-release" reactions between mesoionic 1,3-thiazolium-5-thiolates (TATs) and strained cyclooctyne exo-BCN-OH. We successfully realized intracellular CS2 release and investigated the causes of CS2-induced hepatotoxicity, including oxidative stress, proteotoxic stress and copper-dependent cell death. It is found that CS2 can be copper vehicles bypassing copper transporters after reacting with nucleophiles in cytoplasm, and extra copper supplementation will exacerbate the loss of homeostasis of cells and ultimately cell death. These findings inspired us to explore the anticancer activity of CS2 in combination with copper by introducing a copper chelating group in our CS2 delivery system.

Experimental and simulation studies of degraded EPDM composite in the coupled gamma radiation-thermal environments

The degradation behaviors, mechanisms and compatibility are not well understood and hard to be harnessed for EPDM composite in the coupled gamma radiation-thermal environments. This contribution performs a thorough study accordingly with 0 ∼ 200 kGy dose under temperatures varying from room temperature to 90 °C in N2/O2 mixture atmosphere. Radiation-thermal aging leads to annealing effect and chemi-crystallization that rebuilds the semi-crystalline structure and invokes competitive filler migration, reconfiguration and loss. Crosslinking reactions prevail the scission during the investigated conditions. However, the surface oxidation and damage are not severe. In-situ nondestructive gas-phase FTIR sensitively find the formed various gaseous products, whose generation kinetics behaviors are temperature and dose dependent. Most surprisingly, the radiolysis caused carbonyl sulfide and carbon disulfide are discovered with indispensable gamma radiation, which manifest temperature reined conversion thermodynamics and kinetics behavior. The qualitative and quantitative analysis of gas products is also validated by GC and GC-MS tests. The evolved semi-crystalline structure, macromolecular chain network and filler network significantly impact the mechanical property, but the barrier property and hydrophobic property are slightly influenced. The inverse temperature effect occurred at 50 °C for the mechanical properties, which show abnormal rejuvenation behavior due to the counteraction between aging induced change in molecular structure, aggregation structure and filler reconfiguration, migration and loss. The multiscale structure-property-behavior relationships possess good interdependency, indicating the main aging mechanism and failure mode are almost invariant. By ReaxFF simulation, the complex degradation mechanism for EPDM composite at atomic scale is revealed for the first time.

Bioorthogonal Delivery of Carbon Disulfide in Living Cells

AbstractCarbon disulfide (CS2) is an environmental contaminant, which is deadly hazardous to the workers under chronic or acute exposure. However, the toxicity mechanisms of CS2 are still unclear due to the scarcity of biocompatible donors, which can release CS2 in cells. Here we developed the first bioorthogonal CS2 delivery system based on the “click‐and‐release” reactions between mesoionic 1,3‐thiazolium‐5‐thiolates (TATs) and strained cyclooctyne exo‐BCN‐OH. We successfully realized intracellular CS2 release and investigated the causes of CS2‐induced hepatotoxicity, including oxidative stress, proteotoxic stress and copper‐dependent cell death. It is found that CS2 can be copper vehicles bypassing copper transporters after reacting with nucleophiles in cytoplasm, and extra copper supplementation will exacerbate the loss of homeostasis of cells and ultimately cell death. These findings inspired us to explore the anticancer activity of CS2 in combination with copper by introducing a copper chelating group in our CS2 delivery system.

Preparation of a New Heavy Metal Chelating Agent and Its Removal of Copper Ions in Wastewater

In this study, a new type of dithiocarbamate (DTCs) heavy metal chelating agent MF-DTC was prepared by carbon disulfide modified melamine formaldehyde resin prepolymer, and the structure of the chelating agent and chelating products was characterized by infrared, ultraviolet, elemental analysis, thermogravimetry, scanning electron microscopy and other means: the process of chelating agent Cu was studied, and the results showed that MF-DTC chelating agent had a higher adsorption capacity, and compared with the traditional chelating agent SDD and Na2S, it had higher chelating capacity under acidic conditions, it can be directly used to treat heavy metals in acidic wastewater. Moreover, the environmental stability of heavy metals after chelation is high. Heavy metals are not easy to be leached again after treatment.

Targeted Stimulation of Micropores by CS2 Extraction on Molecular of Coal.

The targeted stimulation of micropores based on the transformation of coal's molecular structure is proposed due to the chemical properties and difficult-to-transform properties of micropores. Carbon disulfide (CS2) extraction is used as a targeted stimulation to reveal the internal evolution mechanism of micropore transformation. The variations of microcrystalline structures and micropores of bituminous coal and anthracite extracted by CS2 were analyzed with X-ray diffraction (XRD), low-temperature carbon dioxide (CO2) adsorption, and molecular simulation. The results show that CS2 extraction, with the broken chain effect, swelling effect, and aromatic ring rearrangement effect, can promote micropore generation of bituminous coal by transforming the microcrystalline structure. Furthermore, CS2 extraction on bituminous coal can decrease the average micropore size and increase the micropore volume and area. The aromatic layer fragmentation effect of CS2 extraction on anthracite, compared to the micropore generation effect of the broken chain effect and swelling effect, can enlarge micropores more remarkably, as it induces an enhancement in the average micropore size and a decline in the micropore volume and area. The research is expected to provide a theoretical basis for establishing reservoir stimulation technology based on CS2 extraction.

Mitochondrial transfer of α-synuclein mediates carbon disulfide-induced mitochondrial dysfunction and neurotoxicity

Exposure to carbon disulfide (CS2) is a recognized risk factor in the pathogenesis of Parkinson’s disease, yet the underlying mechanisms of deleterious effects on mitochondrial integrity have remained elusive. Here, through establishing CS2 exposure models in rat and SH-SY5Y cells, we demonstrated that highly expressed α-synuclein (α-Syn) is transferred to mitochondria via membrane proteins such as Tom20 and leads to mitochondrial dysfunction and mitochondrial oxidative stress, which ultimately causes neuronal injury. We first found significant mitochondrial damage and oxidative stress in CS2-exposed rat midbrain and SH-SY5Y cells and showed that mitochondrial oxidative stress was the main factor of mitochondrial damage by Mitoquinone intervention. Further experiments revealed that CS2 exposure led to the accumulation of α-Syn in mitochondria and that α-Syn co-immunoprecipitated with mitochondrial membrane proteins. Finally, the use of an α-Syn inhibitor (ELN484228) and small interfering RNA (siRNA) effectively mitigated the accumulation of α-Syn in neurons, as well as the inhibition of mitochondrial membrane potential, caused by CS2 exposure. In conclusion, our study identifies the translocation of α-Syn to mitochondria and the impairment of mitochondrial function, which has important implications for the broader understanding and treatment of neurodegenerative diseases associated with environmental toxins.

Copper-Catalyzed Three-Component Synthesis of β-Hydroxysulfides from Styrene Oxide, Aryl Iodide, and Carbon Disulfide.

A copper-catalyzed three-component coupling reaction of styrene oxide, aryl iodide, and carbon disulfide for the construction of β-hydroxysulfides has been developed. In this process, readily available CS2 was used as the sulfur source to construct C-S bonds for the synthesis of phenyl-β-hydroxysulfides and (benzo[d]thiazol)-β-hydroxysulfides. This process features mild reaction conditions, simple operation, and wide substrate scope (>50 examples).

Accomplishing High-Performance Organic Solar Sub-Modules (≈55 cm2) with >16% Efficiency by Controlling the Aggregation of an Engineered Non-Fullerene Acceptor.

The fabrication of environmentally benign, solvent-processed, efficient, organic photovoltaic sub-modules remains challenging due to the rapid aggregation of the current high performance non-fullerene acceptors (NFAs). In this regard, design of new NFAs capable of achieving optimal aggregation in large-area organic photovoltaic modules has not been realized. Here, an NFA named BTA-HD-Rh is synthesized with longer (hexyl-decyl) side chains that exhibit good solubility and optimal aggregation. Interestingly, integrating a minute amount of new NFA (BTA-HD-Rh) into the PM6:L8-BO system enables the improved solubility in halogen-free solvents (o-xylene:carbon disulfide (O-XY:CS2)) with controlled aggregation is found. Then solar sub-modules are fabricated at ambient condition (temperature at 25±3 °C and humidity: 30-45%). Ultimately, the champion 55 cm2 sub-modules achieve exciting efficiency of >16% in O-XY:CS2 solvents, which is the highest PCE reported for sub-modules. Notably, the highest efficiency of BTA-HD-Rh doped PM6:L8-BO is very well correlated with high miscibility with low Flory-Huggins parameter (0.372), well-defined nanoscale morphology, and high charge transport. This study demonstrates that a careful choice of side chain engineering for an NFA offers fascinating features that control the overall aggregation of active layer, which results in superior sub-module performance with environmental-friendly solvents.

Tethered Alkylidenes for REMP from Carbon Disulfide Cleavage.

Reactions between tungsten alkylidyne [tBuOCO]W≡CtBu(THF)2 1 and sulfur containing small molecules are reported. Complex 1 reacts with CS2 to produce intermediate η2 bound CS2 complex [O2C(tBuC═)W(η2-(S,C)-CS2)(THF)] 8. Heating complex 8 provides a mixture of a monomeric tungsten sulfido complex 9 and a dimeric complex 10 in a 4:1 ratio, respectively. Heating the mixture does not perturb the ratio. Addition of excess THF in a solution of 9 and 10 (4:1) converts 10 to 9 (>96%) with concomitant loss of (CS)x. Both 9 and 10 can be selectively crystallized from the mixture. An alternative synthesis of exclusively monomeric 9 involves the reaction between 1 and PhNCS. Demonstrating ring expansion metathesis polymerization (REMP), tethered tungsten alkylidene 8 polymerizes norbornene to produce cis-selective syndiotactic cyclic polynorbornene (c-poly(NBE)).

Synthesis, structures and bonding of group 6 thio-complexes

The structures and bonding of polythio complexes having group 6 metals are described. A trinuclear tungsten mixed valence complex, [{Cp*WCl(μ-S)2}2WO], 1 along with known [syn-(Cp*WS)2(µ-S)2] and [anti-(Cp*WS)2(µ-S)2] are synthesized by the thermolysis reaction of [Cp*WCl4] with [LiBH4·THF] followed by addition of 2-mercaptobenzothiazole (MBT-C7H5NS2). The electronic properties of these complexes associated with central metal atoms have been evaluated through UV–vis absorption spectra. Further, a η2-dithioacetate chromium complex, [Cp*Cr(CO)2(η2-S2CCH3)], 2 was synthesized by the reaction of [Cp*Cr(CO)3Me] with [LiBH4·THF] followed by the treatment of carbon disulfide (CS2). Both complexes 1 and 2 were characterized using multinuclear NMR, IR spectroscopy, mass spectrometry, as well as single-crystal X-ray diffraction. In addition, density functional theory (DFT) calculations were conducted to interpret and study the nature of bonding and electronic structures of 1 and 2.

Optical Kerr effect for underlying the orientational and translational fluctuations of molecular interactions in non-polar CS2 vapor and liquid states

A femtosecond optical Kerr gate is used for first time to experimentally study the temporal behavior of the molecular interactions of carbon disulfide (CS2) vapor in comparison to its liquid state. This Kerr effect is observed due to the optical birefringence induced in a CS2 sample. Results show that the Kerr relaxation time in the vapor state is faster than in the liquid state, with an overall exponential fit of 0.8 ps molecular relaxation time versus 1.7 ps, respectively. A faster relaxation decay time is observed for the first time in free CS2 molecules, this is attributed to fewer neighboring intermolecular interactions, which results in a lower local viscosity in the vapor compared to the liquid state. Fitting the temporal response of the Kerr vapor signal to individual components of n2 arising from the ultrafast and fast components yields two main decay times: τultrfast = 126 fs and τfast = 530 fs molecular relaxation times, one which agrees with the Debye equation for the air viscosity (associated to the free rotation in air) giving 126 fs and the other is approximately close to the translational diffusion equation producing 530 fs, respectively. In the liquid state, fitting yields three main components: τultrfast = 50 as, τfast = 500 fs, and τslow = 1.5 ps, overall, the tail fits the 1.7 ps molecular relaxation time.

Palladium-anchored calix[4]arene-derived porous organic polymer towards efficient hydrolytic cleavage of carbon disulfide

The release of carbon disulfide can have adverse effects on our environment and human health. The stability of carbon disulfide and the slow kinetics of hydrolysis can make it challenging to achieve efficient and practical cleavage of the CS bonds. Herein, a calix[4]arene-based porous organic polymer (CPOP-1) is innovatively synthesized through an optimized polycondensation reaction using C-Methylcalix[4]resorcinarene and hexafluoro-hexaazatriphenylene as monomers. Subsequently, palladium-induced calix[4]arene-based porous organic polymer was also synthesized via strong Pd−N coordination bonds to construct the metal-induced porous catalyst (CPOP-2). The polymeric catalyst active center [Pd2+(N^N)(NO3-)2] demonstrated outstanding catalytic hydrolysis performance (11.14 μmol g-1 h-1) in 10.5 h which is significantly enhanced by ca.13.2 times as compared to reported mononuclear Bpy-Pd(NO3)2, and 7.07 times than model trinuclear complex catalyst HATN-Pd-1, respectively. The control experiments revealed that POP catalysts showcased robust stability, prolonged effectiveness, and feasible recyclability during the hydrolytic cleavage of carbon disulfide at room temperature in aqueous solutions. Furthermore, the coordination environment of [Pd2+(N^N)] was validated through XPS, EXAFS, and isotope labeling measurements, and the hydrolysis cleavage products were confirmed e. g. CO2, sulfide, and protons. More importantly, a reaction mechanism was formulated coupled with theoretical calculations, and simulations. The proposed mechanism involves sequential OH- nucleophilic attacks on the carbon atoms of insert-coordinated CS2 and COS, leading to the cleavage of double CS bonds and the formation of CO bonds. The concurrent dissociation of the C−S bond and liberation of CO2 result in an intermediate structure characterized by [(N^N)Pd2+](SH-)2. This intermediate motif serves as the source of the thermodynamic driving force for the reaction.

Functionalization of Tetraphosphido Ligands by Heterocumulenes.

Although numerous polyphosphido complexes have been accessed through the transition-metal-mediated activation and functionalization of white phosphorus (P4), the selective functionalization of the resulting polyphosphorus ligands in these compounds remains underdeveloped. In this study, we explore the reactions between cyclotetraphosphido cobalt complexes and heterocumulenes, leading to functionalized P4 ligands. Specifically, the reaction of carbon disulfide (CS2) with [K(18c-6)][(Ar*BIAN)Co(η4-P4)] ([K(18c-6)]1, 18c-6 = [18]crown-6) affords the adduct [K(18c-6)][(Ar*BIAN)Co(η3:η1-P4CS2)] ([K(18c-6)]3), in which CS2 is attached to a single phosphorus atom (Ar* = 2,6-dibenzhydryl-4-isopropylphenyl, BIAN = 1,2-bis(arylimino)acenaphthene diimine). In contrast, the insertion of bis(trimethylsilyl)sulfur diimide S(NSiMe3)2 into a P-P bond of [K(18c-6)]1 yields [K(18c-6)][(Ar*BIAN)Co(η3:η1-P4SN2(SiMe3)2)] (K(18c-6)]4). This salt further reacts with Me3SiCl to form [(Ar*BIAN)Co(η3:η1-P4SN2(SiMe3)3] (5), featuring a rare azatetraphosphole ligand. Moreover, treatment of the previously reported complex [(Ar*BIAN)Co(η3:η1-P4C(O)tBu)] (2) with isothiocyanates results in P-C bond insertion, yielding [(Ar*BIAN)Co(η3:η1-P4C(S)N(R)C(O)tBu)] (6a,b; R = Cy, Ph).

Towards Sustainable Viscose-to-Viscose Production: Strategies for Recycling of Viscose Fibres

The potential for using discarded viscose textiles to produce high-quality viscose fibres is limited by the low molecular weight of the cellulose and its continued reduction in the recycling process. Herein, we present a straightforward approach of reprocessing discarded viscose textiles while achieving high-quality recycled viscose fibres. Discarded viscose textile was defibrated and centrifuged, and the resulting fibres were reprocessed under industrially relevant conditions. The produced viscose dope was fluid and resulted in viscose fibres with properties comparable to fibres made from commercial wood cellulose pulp (titer ~2 dtex; dry elongation ~16%, dry tenacity ~15 cN/tex). To explore the potential for a more environmentally friendly production process, the steeping step was performed twice (double-steeping), thereby producing a more homogeneous viscose dope. Through double-steeping, the consumption of carbon disulfide (CS2) could be reduced by 30.5%. The double-steeping method shows to be a suitable approach to reprocess discarded viscose textiles while reducing the environmental impact of the viscose process associated with the use of CS2. Our work demonstrates that discarded viscose textile has the potential to be part of a circular textile value chain.

Green conversion of carbon disulfide to degradable polydithiourethanes through catalyst-free multicomponent polymerizations of diamines, carbon disulfide and diacrylates

In the pursuit of advanced functional polymer materials, sulfur-containing polymers have received tremendous attention owing to their superior chemical stability, high refractive indices, various supramolecular interactions, and robust dynamic covalent chemistry. However, their synthesis usually involves either expensive monomers or toxic byproducts and requires catalysts, thus hindering their widespread application. In this work, we present a catalyst-free multicomponent polymerization in organic solvents for the synthesis of various polydithiourethanes with excellent yields (up to 98 %) and high molecular weights (up to 112 kg/mol). This reaction involves the direct polymerization of carbon disulfide, an abundant one-carbon feedstock, with commercially available diamines and diacrylates. This polyaddition process demonstrates high atom economy and no byproduct, occurring at room temperature without the need for a catalyst, thus exhibiting excellent green chemistry metrics. By utilizing the dynamic covalent chemistry of dithiourethane groups, these polymers can be efficiently degraded via aminolysis and used to fabricate reprocessable vitrimers. This multicomponent polymerization opens up a new avenue for the efficient utilization of carbon disulfide resources and accelerates the exploration of diversified sulfur-containing functional polymer materials.

An ultra-selective and non-enzymatic colorimetric sensor based on imprinted polymer for ephedrine assay in urine samples

A novel non-enzymatic, rapid, and portable molecularly imprinted polymer (MIP)-based colorimetric sensor was developed for ephedrine (EPD) assay in urine samples. The EPD-imprinted polymer was provided via the precipitation polymerization method and applied to fabricate an EPD colorimetric sensor utilizing the carbon disulfide and Cu2+ reagents. The calibration curve for different concentrations of EPD was obtained using the captured images on a cell smartphone and associated RGB data. Some effective parameters including pH of the EPD extraction, time of data collection after adding the reagents, and reagents sequence were investigated and optimized. The selectivity of the sensor was studied using different similar structural compounds, which proved the favorable capability of this method for the selective determination of EPD. This sensor platform with a relatively wide linear calibration range (1–100 μM), and the detection limit of 0.6 μM represents the efficient, reliable, and easy approach for EPD assay in urine samples.

Bioprotective potential of Latilactobacillus sakei and Latilactobacillus curvatus in smoked chicken legs with modified atmosphere packaging

The effects of inoculation with bioprotective bacteria (Latilactobacillus sakei and Latilactobacillus carvatus) on the bacterial succession, physicochemical properties, volatile organic compound (VOCs), and sensory attributes of smoked chicken legs stored in modified atmosphere packaging (MAP, 60% CO2 and 40% N2) at 4 °C for 28 days were investigated. Compared with the control (without inoculation), inoculation with L. sakei and L. curvatus inhibited the growth of common spoilage bacteria (Serratia proteamaculans, Weissella ceti, and Pseudomonas fragi) in smoked chicken legs stored in MAP. They significantly (P < 0.05) decreased the levels of lipid oxidation and spoilage markers such as ethanol, 1-octen-3-ol, carbon disulfide, cyclooctanol, 2,3-butanediol, and 3-methyl-1-butanol, slowed down the deterioration of the surface skin color and odor, and prolonged the shelf-life of the product. Inoculation with L. sakei and L. curvatus extended the shelf life of smoked chicken legs stored in MAP by 7 and 14 days, respectively.

Effects of the combined exposure to chemicals and unusual working hours.

Both exposure to occupational chemicals and to unusual working hours have well documented effects on health. Determination of occupational exposure limits is, however, usually based on chemical-only exposure and assumes an 8-h workday, 5 days/week and a 40-h work week. A significant proportion of the workforce is exposed to chemicals while working in other work schedules. This review thus aimed to synthesize and evaluate the scientific support for a combined effect of unusual working hours and chemical exposure and, if possible, give recommendations for OEL adjustments to account for unusual working hours. The search for articles was made as part of the preparation of a report for the Nordic Expert Group for Criteria Documentation of Health Risks from Chemicals. In this report, unusual working hours were categorized as shift work or extended (>8h) working hours. Inclusion criteria were observational studies in the English language published up to November 2021 in peer-reviewed journals, with explicit metrics of exposure (chemicals and unusual working hours) and of health outcome, and which explicitly tested the association between exposure and outcome. Search engines of seven databases were used. Of the initially 15 400 identified papers, 9 studies published between 1985 and 2021 met the inclusion criteria, 7 of which showed significant associations. Results from a few of the studies, i.e. regarding effects of dust and endotoxin on lung function, effects of acetone on sleep quality and tiredness, effects of carbon disulphide on coronary artery disease and effects of chemicals on spontaneous abortion, suggested more pronounced effects during night shifts compared to during day shifts. The reviewed data is considered insufficient to conclude on recommendations for OEL adjustment for shift work. Suggested areas of future studies are mentioned. Further studies about the effects of the combined exposure to unusual working hours and chemical exposure are essential for risk assessment, and for recommendation of potential OEL adjustments. What is important about this paper? Effects of chemical agents at the workplace may depend not only on exposure level and duration but also on the time of exposure in relation to the circadian rhythm. This study reviewed the scientific support for a combined effect of unusual working hours and chemical exposure and revealed an obvious need for additional studies regarding the complex interplay of the two different exposures with respect to adverse health effects.

Maternal residential exposure to solvents from industrial sources during pregnancy and childhood cancer risk in California

BackgroundMaternal solvent exposure has been suspected to increase offspring cancer risk. The study aimed to evaluate the associations between maternal residential exposure to solvents from industrial pollution during pregnancy and childhood cancer. MethodsThe present study included 15,744 cancer cases (aged 0–19 years at diagnosis) identified from California Cancer Registry and 283,141 controls randomly selected from California Birth Registry (20:1 frequency-matched by birth year: 1998–2016). We examined industrial releases of tetrachloroethylene and 1,1,1-trichloroethane within 3 km of the birth address, while we used a 5 km buffer for carbon disulfide. We calculated the total exposure from all linked Toxic Release Inventory sites during each index pregnancy and assigned “ever/never” and “high/low exposed/unexposed” exposure, using median values. We performed quadratic decay models to estimate cancer risks associated with maternal solvent exposure in pregnancy. Results1,1,1-Trichloroethane was associated with rhabdomyosarcoma (adjusted Odds Ratio (aOR): 1.96; 95% Confidence Interval (CI): 1.16, 3.32) in the “ever exposed” group. Ever exposure to carbon disulfide was associated with increased risks of medulloblastoma (OR = 1.85, 95% CI 1.01, 3.40) and ependymoma (OR = 1.63, 95% CI 0.97, 2.74). ConclusionsOverall, our findings suggested maternal residential exposure to solvents from industrial sources might be associated with elevated childhood cancer risks.