Bidirectional Long Short-term Memory Neural Network Research Articles

Adaptive fault detection for lithium-ion battery combining physical model-based observer and BiLSTMNN learning approach

Lithium-ion batteries possess one of the best energy-weight ratios, while safety and reliability are critical issues for its continued operation. Due to extreme fast-charging, huge application sizes and variable usage environment, the risk of soft battery faults, including soft internal short circuit (SISC), is increased and may evolve into severe accidents. Therefore, accurate early detection of lithium ion battery fault is imperative to guarantee the battery performance. Motivated by this fact, we proposed a real time fault detection framework for battery soft faults. Based on the Equivalent Circuit Model (ECM) and coupling thermal model, Extended Kalman Filter (EKF) observer is used for reliable monitoring of battery voltage and surface temperature. Inspired by uncertainty interference during the observation process, we explore an observed-based learning approach that combine physical model-based observer and Bidirectional Long Short-Term Memory neural networks (BiLSTMNN) to empower the observer with the ability to learn the uncertainties, which is efficient in distinguishing soft faults information and uncertainties from residual. Furthermore, the memory characteristics of BiLSTMNN are considered to improve the robustness of the detection system, including comprehensive training data and optimized input features. Finally, through the comparative analysis and the robustness evaluation experiments including various driving cycles and internal short circuits (ISC) faults test verity the good performance of the proposed method.

Ultra-deep channel sand body target recognition method based on improved deep learning under UAV cluster

Abstract River sand bodies have complex and changeable characteristics and distribution. In order to improve the accuracy and efficiency of target recognition, this study proposes a target recognition method of ultra-deep river sand bodies with improved deep learning under unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV) cluster. By constructing the cooperative target allocation model of UAV group, it is ensured that the targets of ultra-deep and large-area river sand bodies are collected. The gradient histogram is used to extract the image characteristics of ultra-deep river sand body and enhance the target image of ultra-deep river sand body. Bi-directional long short-term memory (Bi-LSTM) network model is constructed by introducing bidirectional recurrent neural network (RNN) to improve deep learning. Bi-LSTM neural network is used to construct the target recognition model of ultra-deep river sand body and complete the target recognition. The experimental results show that this method can extract the target edge completely and recognize the image edge accurately, and the average recognition accuracy under different ambiguities is higher than 95. It is proved that this method has high accuracy in sand body feature extraction and classification and has great application potential in river sand body target recognition.

Regular paper Comparative Analysis of Deep Learning Models for Sentiment Analysis on IMDB Reviews

Within the domain of natural language processing, sentiment analysis assumes a fundamental position, facilitating the comprehension of societal perspectives and opinions, thereby playing a pivotal role in understanding public sentiment. In this study, an examination and comparison of deep learning architectures was conducted on IMDB movie reviews. We evaluated the performance of Basic Recurrent Neural Networks, Long Short-Term Memory (LSTM), Gated Recurrent Neural Unit (GRU), Bidirectional LSTM, Bidirectional GRU and 1D Convolutional Neural Networks (Conv1D) based on their training, validation, and testing accuracies. Our results indicate that while LSTM achieved the highest accuracy of 99.91% on the training data, GRU demonstrated superior performance (88.28%) on the validation dataset. Interestingly, Bidirectional GRU emerged as the top-performing model (87.54%) on the testing data, showcasing its robustness in generalizing to unseen instances. These findings highlight the importance of evaluating model performance across multiple datasets to assess their real-world effectiveness. Furthermore, our comparative analysis provides valuable understanding of the advantages and limitations of each model, offering practical guidance for selecting the optimal framework for sentiment analysis endeavors. Overall, this research contributes to the progress of such methodologies and deep learning approaches in natural language processing.

Long Short-Term Memory and Bidirectional Long Short-Term Memory Modeling and Prediction of Hexavalent and Total Chromium Removal Capacity Kinetics of Cupressus lusitanica Bark

Hexavalent chromium [Cr(VI)] is a high-priority environmental pollutant because of its toxicity and potential to contaminate water sources. Biosorption, using low-cost biomaterials, is an emerging technology for removing pollutants from water. In this study, Long Short-Term Memory (LSTM) and bidirectional LSTM (Bi-LSTM) neural networks were used to model and predict the kinetics of the removal capacity of Cr(VI) and total chromium [Cr(T)] using Cupressus lusitanica bark (CLB) particles. The models were developed using 34 experimental kinetics datasets under various temperature, pH, particle size, and initial Cr(VI) concentration conditions. Data preprocessing via interpolation was implemented to augment the sparse time-series data. Early stopping regularization prevented overfitting, and dropout techniques enhanced model robustness. The Bi-LSTM models demonstrated a superior performance compared to the LSTM models. The inherent complexities of the process and data limitations resulted in a heavy-tailed and left-skewed residual distribution, indicating occasional deviations in the predictions of capacities obtained under extreme conditions. K-fold cross-validation demonstrated the stability of Bi-LSTM models 38 and 43, while response surfaces and validation with unseen datasets assessed their predictive accuracy and generalization capabilities. Shapley additive explanations analysis (SHAP) identified the initial Cr(VI) concentration and time as the most influential input features for the models. This study highlights the capabilities of deep recurrent neural networks in comprehending and predicting complex pollutant removal kinetic phenomena for environmental applications.

Deep learning-based forecasting model for chlorophyll-a response to tropical cyclones in the Western North Pacific

Tropical cyclones cause increases in sea surface chlorophyll-a concentration, which is important for studying variations in the regional marine environment. Precisely forecasting the variations of sea surface chlorophyll-a concentration induced by tropical cyclones remains a challenge. In this research, a bidirectional long short-term memory (BiLSTM) neural network deep learning model was applied to predict the variations of sea surface chlorophyll-a concentration induced by typhoons in the Western North Pacific (WNP). Typhoons occurring between 2011 and 2020 were used as training cases and those from 2021 to 2022 as forecasting and testing cases. The input variables of the deep learning model include the sea surface wind at 10 meters (U10 and V10), sea surface temperature anomaly (SSTA), and sea surface chlorophyll-a concentration. The output variable was the chlorophyll-a concentration one day after the passage of the typhoon. Data from the previous 7 days were used to predict the chlorophyll-a concentration one day after the typhoon's passage, and the rolling forecast method was employed to predict chlorophyll-a concentration in the following 7 days. To assess the impact of input variables on the model's forecasting performance, ablation experiments were conducted. The results showed that when using U10, V10, and chlorophyll-a from the previous seven days as inputs, the model exhibited the best overall forecasting performance. Taking Typhoons Chanthu, In-fa, and Malou as examples, the root mean square error (RMSE) for the forecast results are 0.0143 mg · m−3, 0.0087 mg · m−3, and 0.0030 mg · m−3, the mean absolute errors (MAE) are 0.0072 mg · m−3, 0.0074 mg · m−3, and 0.0025 mg · m−3, and the spatial anomaly correlation coefficients (ACC) are 0.9968, 0.9775, and 0.9721, respectively. The results reveal that the most accurate forecasting performance was observed during the mid-phase of the moderate-intensity Typhoon Muifa, with RMSE, MAE, and ACC values of 0.0040 mg · m−3, 0.0032 mg · m−3, and 0.9894, respectively. The BiLSTM neural network model had the best forecasting performance for typhoons of moderate intensity and during the mid-term phase. This is because moderate-intensity typhoons or the mature phase of any typhoon tend to have relatively stable and more predictable paths, resulting in better predictions of chlorophyll-a concentrations. In future work, we intend to extend our training and forecasting to typhoons of various intensities, aiming to further refine and enhance predictive performance.

Detecting cyberbullying text using the approaches with machine learning models for the low-resource Bengali language

The rising usage of social media sites and the advances in communication technologies have led to a considerable increase in cyberbullying events. Here, people are intimidated, harassed, and humiliated via digital messaging. To identify cyberbullying texts, several research have been undertaken in English and other languages with abundant resources, but relatively few studies have been conducted in low-resource languages like Bengali. This research focuses on Bengali text to find cyberbullying material by experimenting with pre-processing, feature selection, and three types of machine learning (ML) models: classical ML, deep learning (DL), and transformer learning. In classical ML, four models, support vector machine (SVM), multinomial Naive Bayes (MNB), random forest (RF), and logistic regression (LR) are used. In DL, three models, long short term memory (LSTM), Bidirectional LSTM, and convolutional neural network with bidirectional LSTM (CNN-BiLSTM) are employed. As the transformerbased pre-trained model, bidirectional encoder representations from transformers (BERT) is utilized. Using our proposed pre-processing tasks, the MNB-based approach achieves the best accuracy of 78.816% among the other classical ML models, the LSTM-based approach gains the highest result of 77.804% accuracy among the DL models, and the BERT-based approach outperforms both with 80.165% accuracy.

Enhancing source code retrieval with joint Bi-LSTM-GNN architecture: A comparative study with ChatGPT-LLM

Retrieving relevant source code from large repositories is a significant and ongoing challenge in the field of software engineering, primarily due to the vast and ever-expanding amount of available code. Existing deep learning methods, although effective to some extent, exhibit limitations in capturing the intricate and complex structural information embedded within source code, which hinders their ability to provide highly accurate retrieval results. This study endeavors to tackle this prominent issue by introducing a novel and innovative approach known as the Joint Bi-directional LSTM and Graph Neural Networks (JBLG) model for source code retrieval. The central aim is to harness the combined strengths and capabilities of Bi-directional Long Short-Term Memory (LSTM) networks and Graph Neural Networks (GNNs) to significantly enhance the model’s capacity to capture and interpret the complex structural characteristics intrinsic to source code. The proposed JBLG model employs a unique fusion of Bi-directional LSTM, which excels in capturing sequential and temporal dependencies within code, and GNN, which is adept at modeling the intricate graph structure of the code. By leveraging this hybrid architecture, the model aims to provide a comprehensive and highly effective solution for source code retrieval tasks. To assess the efficacy of the JBLG model, extensive experiments are conducted, and the model’s performance is evaluated against well-established benchmarks, including LSTM, GNN, and ChatGPT, using two diverse datasets: CodeSearchNet and CosBench datasets. These evaluations span multiple programming languages, ensuring a comprehensive and robust assessment of the model’s capabilities. The experimental results indicate that the JBLG model consistently outperforms its counterparts, including Bi-LSTM, GNN, ChatGPT, and DGMS, across various evaluation metrics. the JBLG model showcases an exceptional ability to handle and extract the intricate structural information inherent in source code, resulting in significantly enhanced retrieval accuracy. The JBLG model emerges as a highly promising solution for real-world source code retrieval applications, with the potential to revolutionize the field. The success of this model underscores the importance of combining deep learning techniques like Bi-directional LSTM and GNNs for tackling complex software engineering challenges. Furthermore, future research directions could involve exploring advanced techniques such as attention mechanisms and extending the model’s applicability to other software engineering tasks like code summarization and code completion. The findings of this study are expected to have a lasting impact on the advancement of source code retrieval methodologies.

Enhancing efficiency and capacity of telehealth services with intelligent triage: a bidirectional LSTM neural network model employing character embedding

BackgroundThe widespread adoption of telehealth services necessitates accurate online department selection based on patient medical records, a task requiring significant medical knowledge. Incorrect triage results in considerable time wastage for both patients and medical professionals. To address this, we propose an intelligent triage model based on a Bidirectional Long Short-Term Memory (Bi-LSTM) neural network with character embedding to enhance the efficiency and capacity of telehealth services.MethodsWe gathered a 1.3 GB medical dataset comprising 200,000 records, each including medical history, physical examination data, and other pertinent information found on the electronic medical record homepage. Following data preprocessing, a clinical corpus was established to train character embeddings with a medical context.These character embeddings were then utilized to extract features from patient chief complaints, and a 2-layer Bi-LSTM neural network was trained to categorize these complaints, enabling intelligent triage for telehealth services.Results60,000 chief complaint-department data pairs were extracted from clinical corpus and divided into the training, validation, and test sets of 42,000, 9,000, and 9,000, respectively. The character embedding based Bi-LSTM neural network achieved a macro-precision of 85.50% and an F1 score of 85.45%. ConclusionThe telehealth triage model developed in this study demonstrates strong implementation outcomes and significantly improves the efficiency and capacity of telehealth services. Character embedding outperforms word embedding, and future work will incorporate additional features such as patient age and gender into the chief complaint feature to future enhance model performance.

Enhancing Electrical Load Prediction Using a Bidirectional LSTM Neural Network

Precise anticipation of electrical demand holds crucial importance for the optimal operation of power systems and the effective management of energy markets within the domain of energy planning. This study builds on previous research focused on the application of artificial neural networks to achieve accurate electrical load forecasting. In this paper, an improved methodology is introduced, centering around bidirectional Long Short-Term Memory (LSTM) neural networks (NN). The primary aim of the proposed bidirectional LSTM network is to enhance predictive performance by capturing intricate temporal patterns and interdependencies within time series data. While conventional feed-forward neural networks are suitable for standalone data points, energy consumption data are characterized by sequential dependencies, necessitating the incorporation of memory-based concepts. The bidirectional LSTM model is designed to furnish the prediction framework with the capacity to assimilate and leverage information from both preceding and forthcoming time steps. This augmentation significantly bolsters predictive capabilities by encapsulating the contextual understanding of the data. Extensive testing of the bidirectional LSTM network is performed using multiple datasets, and the results demonstrate significant improvements in accuracy and predictive capabilities compared to the previous simpleRNN-based framework. The bidirectional LSTM successfully captures underlying patterns and dependencies in electrical load data, achieving superior performance as gauged by metrics such as root mean square error (RMSE) and mean absolute error (MAE). The proposed framework outperforms previous models, achieving a remarkable RMSE, attesting to its remarkable capacity to forecast impending load with precision. This extended study contributes to the field of electrical load prediction by leveraging bidirectional LSTM neural networks to enhance forecasting accuracy. Specifically, the BiLSTM’s MAE of 0.122 demonstrates remarkable accuracy, outperforming the RNN (0.163), LSTM (0.228), and GRU (0.165) by approximately 25%, 46%, and 26%, in the best variation of all networks, at the 24-h time step, while the BiLSTM’s RMSE of 0.022 is notably lower than that of the RNN (0.033), LSTM (0.055), and GRU (0.033), respectively. The findings highlight the significance of incorporating bidirectional memory and advanced neural network architectures for precise energy consumption prediction. The proposed bidirectional LSTM framework has the potential to facilitate more efficient energy planning and market management, supporting decision-making processes in power systems.

Network Traffic Anomaly Detection Model Based on Feature Reduction and Bidirectional LSTM Neural Network Optimization

Aiming at the problems of large data dimension, more redundant data, and low accuracy in network traffic anomaly detection, a network traffic anomaly detection model (FR-APPSO BiLSTM) based on feature reduction and bidirectional long short-term memory (LSTM) neural network optimization is proposed. First, the feature dimensions are divided by hierarchical clustering according to the similarity distance between data features, and the features with high correlation are divided into the same feature subset. Second, an automatic encoder is used to reduce each feature subset, eliminating redundant information, and reducing the computational complexity of the detection data. Then, a particle swarm optimization algorithm based on adaptive updating of variables and dynamic adjustment of parameters (APPSO) is proposed, which is used to optimize the parameters of the bidirectional LSTM neural network (BiLSTM). Finally, the optimized BiLSTM is used as a classifier to model network traffic anomaly detection using the reduced feature data. Experiments based on NSL-KDD, UNSW-NB15, and CICIDS-2017 datasets show that the proposed FR-APPSO-BiLSTM model can effectively reduce data features, improve the accuracy of detection, and the performance of network traffic anomaly detection.

A novel regenerative braking energy recuperation system for electric vehicles based on driving style

The regenerative braking energy recovery system of pure electric vehicle is to recover and reuse the consumed driving energy under the premise of ensuring the braking safety. In this paper, the regenerative braking energy recovery system of pure electric vehicle was optimized based on driving style, and the driver model is constructed and the parameters that characterise driving style are determined. BLSTM (Bidirectional Long Short Term Memory) neural network model method was introduced for deep self-learning, and IDP (Iterative dynamic programming)-BLSTM based regenerative braking energy recovery management control strategy was established. Through theoretical analysis and numerical model of the system, the results of parameter representation of the energy system were preliminarily evaluated and road test was carried out. The results of real vehicle test show that IDP-BLSTM method can meet the personalized requirements of various drivers, improve driving experience and safety, and recover braking energy efficiently.

Short-Term Wind Power Prediction Based on CEEMDAN-SE and Bidirectional LSTM Neural Network with Markov Chain

Accurate wind power data prediction is crucial to increase wind energy usage since wind power data are characterized by uncertainty and randomness, which present significant obstacles to the scheduling of power grids. This paper proposes a hybrid model for wind power prediction based on complementary ensemble empirical mode decomposition with adaptive noise (CEEMDAN), sample entropy (SE), bidirectional long short-term memory network (BiLSTM), and Markov chain (MC). First, CEEMDAN is used to decompose the wind power series into a series of subsequences at various frequencies, and then SE is employed to reconstruct the wind power series subsequences to reduce the model’s complexity. Second, the long short-term memory (LSTM) network is optimized, the BiLSTM neural network prediction method is used to predict each reconstruction component, and the results of the different component predictions are superimposed to acquire the total prediction results. Finally, MC is used to correct the model’s total prediction results to increase the accuracy of the predictions. Experimental validation with measured data from wind farms in a region of Xinjiang, and computational results demonstrate that the proposed model can better fit wind power data than other prediction models and has greater prediction accuracy and generalizability for enhancing wind power prediction performance.

RUL prediction of lithium ion battery based on CEEMDAN-CNN BiLSTM model

With the wide application of lithium ion batteries, the importance of life prediction is also highlighted. The prediction of the remaining life of lithium ion battery is an important part of its health management, and accurate prediction can improve the safety of equipment. In this paper, a method for predicting the residual life of lithium ion batteries based on Complete Ensemble Empirical Mode Decomposition with Adaptive Noise (CEEMDAN), One-dimensional Convolutional Neural Network (1D CNN) and Bi-directional Long Short-Term Memory (BiLSTM) neural network is proposed. The capacity is selected as the health factor, and then CEEMDAN is used to decompose the complex and unstable data to obtain stable components. One-dimensional Convolutional Neural Network (1D CNN) is used to deeply mine the capacity data of lithium-ion batteries. Finally, BiLSTM neural network modeling is used to predict the remaining useful life (RUL) of lithium-ion batteries. The NASA data set is used for testing and prediction comparison with BiLSTM model and CNN-BiLSTM model. The prediction results show that CEEMDAN-CNN BiLSTM model has higher prediction accuracy.

Phishing Detection in Blockchain Transaction Networks Using Ensemble Learning

The recent progress in blockchain and wireless communication infrastructures has paved the way for creating blockchain-based systems that protect data integrity and enable secure information sharing. Despite these advancements, concerns regarding security and privacy continue to impede the widespread adoption of blockchain technology, especially when sharing sensitive data. Specific security attacks against blockchains, such as data poisoning attacks, privacy leaks, and a single point of failure, must be addressed to develop efficient blockchain-supported IT infrastructures. This study proposes the use of deep learning methods, including Long Short-Term Memory (LSTM), Bi-directional LSTM (Bi-LSTM), and convolutional neural network LSTM (CNN-LSTM), to detect phishing attacks in a blockchain transaction network. These methods were evaluated on a dataset comprising malicious and benign addresses from the Ethereum blockchain dark list and whitelist dataset, and the results showed an accuracy of 99.72%.

Simulated annealing algorithm optimized GRU neural network for urban rainfall-inundation prediction

Abstract In the context of global climate change and the continuous development of urban areas, rainfall-inundation modeling is a common approach that provides critical support for the protection and early warning of urban waterlogging protection. The present study conducts a data-driven model for hourly urban rainfall-inundation depth prediction, which is based on a gated recurrent unit (GRU) neural network and uses the simulated annealing (SA) algorithm for the hyperparameter optimization of GRU, namely the SA-GRU model. To verify the performance of the proposed model, backpropagation, long short-term memory (LSTM), and bidirectional LSTM (BiLSTM) neural networks are set as benchmarks. Results show that the SA-GRU has high accuracy in the case of short-term inundation prediction, with the Nash–Sutcliffe efficiency from 0.999 to 0.596 for the 1-h-ahead to 8-h-ahead predictions. And further research reveals that the SA-GRU integrates the significant optimization of SA, with an average 20% reduction of the root mean square error within the first eight prediction periods, and the efficient training speed of GRU, with 23.7% faster than LSTM and 44.2% faster than BiLSTM. In conclusion, the SA-GRU excels in urban inundation prediction, demonstrating its value in flood management and decision-making.

Track Signal Intrusion Detection Method Based on Deep Learning in Cloud-Edge Collaborative Computing Environment

Aiming at the low accuracy of the track signal intrusion detection (IDe) algorithm in the traditional cloud-side collaborative computing environment, this paper proposes a deep learning (D-L)-based track signal IDe method in the cloud edge collaborative computing environment. First, the main framework of the IDe method is constructed by comprehensively considering the backbone network, network transmission and ground equipment, and edge computing (EC) is introduced to cloud services. Then, the The CNN (Convolutional Neural Networks)-attention-based BiLSTM (Bi-directional Long Short-Term Memory) neural network is used in the cloud center layer of the system to train the historical data, a D-L method is proposed. Finally, a pooling layer and a dropout layer are introduced into the model to effectively prevent the overfitting of the model and achieve accurate detection of track signal intrusion. The purpose of introducing the pooling layer is to accelerate the model convergence, remove the redundancy and reduce the feature dimension, and the purpose of introducing the dropout layer is to prevent the overfitting of the model. Through simulation experiments, the proposed IDe method and the other three methods are compared and analyzed under the same conditions. The results show that the F1 value of the method proposed in this paper is optimal under four different types of sample data. The F1 value is the lowest of 0.948 and the highest of 0.963. The performance of the algorithm is better than the other three comparison algorithms. The method proposed in this paper is important for solving the IDe signal in the cloud-edge cooperative environment, and also provides a theoretical basis for tracking the signal IDe direction.

RF-BiLSTM Neural Network Incorporating Attention Mechanism for Online Ride-Hailing Demand Forecasting

Accurately predicting online ride-hailing demand can help operators allocate vehicle resources on demand, avoid idle time, and improve traffic conditions. However, due to the randomness and complexity of online ride-hailing demand data, which are affected by many factors and mostly time-series in nature, it is difficult to forecast accurately and effectively based on traditional forecasting models. Therefore, this study proposes an online ride-hailing demand forecasting model based on the attention mechanism of a random forest (RF) combined with a symmetric bidirectional long short-term memory (BiLSTM) neural network (Att-RF-BiLSTM). The model optimizes the inputs and can use past and future data to forecast, improving the forecasting precision of online ride-hailing demand. The model utilizes a random forest to filter and optimize the input variables to reduce the neural network complexity, and then an attention mechanism was incorporated into the BiLSTM neural network to construct a demand forecasting model and validate it using actual Uber pickup data from New York City. Compared with other forecasting models (Att-XGBoost-BiLSTM, Att-BiLSTM, and pure LSTM), the results show that the proposed symmetrical Att-RF-BiLSTM online ride-hailing demand forecasting model has a higher forecasting precision and fitting degree, which indicates that the proposed model can be satisfactorily applied to the area of online ride-hailing demand.

A Fault Diagnosis Technique for Wind Turbine Gearbox: An Approach using Optimized BLSTM Neural Network with Undercomplete Autoencoder

The gearbox is one of the critical components of a wind turbine. Proactive maintenance of wind turbine gearboxes is crucial to decrease maintenance and operational costs and the long downtime of the complete system. As the gearbox is a significant part of the wind turbine, a fault in the gearbox leads to the breakdown of the wind turbine system. Hence, it is important to study and analyze the faults in wind turbine gearbox systems. In this article, a neural network-based model, a Bidirectional Long Short-Term Memory (BLSTM) fused with an autoencoder is intended to categorize the condition of the gearbox into good or bad (broken tooth) condition. Feature learning and reduction are achieved extensively through the autoencoder. This improves the performance of the BLSTM model regarding time complexity and classification accuracy. This model has been applied with time series vibration data of the gearbox in a wind turbine system. The suggested model's performance is analyzed using an openly available wind turbine gearbox vibration dataset. The result showed that BLSTM accuracy with an under-complete autoencoder is highly robust and appropriate for the health monitoring of wind turbine gearbox systems using time series data. Also, in order to illustrate the advantage of the projected model for fault analysis and diagnosis in wind turbine gearbox, the throughput or time complexity of training and testing of the split dataset is compared with the conventional BLSTM model.

Breast Cancer Prediction and Control Using BiLSTM and Two-Dimensional Convolutional Neural Network

Breast cancer has a devastating effect on women. Different strategies of breast cancer classification exist with minimal work done on the prediction of the occurrence of the disease in potential carriers. In this study, a breast cancer predictive system has been developed using bidirectional long short-term memory (BiLSTM) for feature extraction and learning while the two-dimensional convolutional neural network (CNN) was used for breast cancer classification. Histopathological images were used for cancer prediction. Python was used as the programming language for implementing the system. The model was tested using datasets from The Cancer Imaging Archive (TCIA) repository. An accuracy level of 98.8% (higher than the most recent existing model) was achieved for the prediction of the future occurrence of breast cancer based on the tests on the dataset. The application of the model using live data from women can help in the prediction and control of the occurrence of breast cancer amongst women.

Short-term electricity price forecasting based on similarity day screening, two-layer decomposition technique and Bi-LSTM neural network

Electricity price forecasting (EPF) has been challenged by the widespread grid integration of renewable energy (RE), so it is critical to develop a highly accurate and reliable EPF model. In this study, novel considerations of RE generation factors are made, and a quantitative model for the impact of RE on electricity prices is built using random forests (RF) and improved Mahalanobis Distance (IMD). To reduce data duplication, similar days of EPF are first selected. Then it is suggested to decompose the electricity price series into multiple intrinsic mode functions (IMF) and residuals with different frequencies using a two-layer decomposition model based on improved comprehensive ensemble empirical mode decomposition (ICEEMD) and variational mode decomposition (VMD), in order to reduce data noise and volatility. Finally, EPF model based on Bi-directional long short-term memory (Bi-LSTM) is established to forecast multiple subsequences, and the final price forecasting result is obtained after integrated processing. Experimental results show that the RF-IMD-ICEEMD-VMD-Bi-LSTM hybrid model can significantly improve the forecasting performance, reduce the prediction error of EPF, and has the best performance among the comparison models.