Bhopal District Research Articles

How Online Market Influencing the Youngster in Bhopal District of Madhya Pradesh

Online shopping has changed the substance of showcasing all around. It has helped in less demanding, less difficult and quicker business exchanges. Today every single family unit is utilizing online shopping. India being an exceptionally populated nation is emphatically changing towards internet shopping. Along these lines there is an enormous extension for both business and youngsters in India for web based offering and purchasing family merchandise. As the Indian populace is including more instructed and master in web innovation, web based shopping is moving definitely. Online shopping has become a new trend of shopping nowadays and is quickly becoming an important part of lifestyle. Due to wide spread internet access by people online shopping has seen a massive growth in recent years. Young people have been the majority shoppers online. In this foundation, the present enlightening review is an endeavor to explore the critical variables affecting young person's conduct, state of mind and discernment towards Online shopping in Bhopal district of Madhya Pradesh.

A study of effectiveness of nutritional interventions on children with severe acute malnutrition admitted in nutrition rehabilitation centers of Bhopal, Madhya Pradesh

Background: The prevalence of under-nutrition among under-five children is high and varies widely. Children with severe acute malnutrition require immediate attention along with proper nutritional rehabilitation not only to decrease mortality but also to achieve full potential after recovery. Nutrition rehabilitation centres (NRCs) were started to control severe malnutrition and decrease the prevalence of severe malnourished children to less than 1% among children aged 1–5 years.Methods: The present study was conducted from July 2016 to June 2017; 500 children admitted to five different NRCs in Bhopal district of Madhya Pradesh were observed during their stay at NRCs and children were followed up during a period of 6 months after discharge from NRCs. Mothers of the children were interviewed on various health issues of children and feeding practices at the NRCs using a predesigned and pretested interview schedule.Results: The study group consisted of 252 boys and 248 girls; 51.20% were between 13 and 36 months of age. All 500 children were analysed for anthropometric indicators. A statistically significant difference was obtained between the weight of children at admission, discharge and follow up (ANOVA=106.2, p<0.001); difference of mid upper arm circumference (MUAC) at admission, discharge and follow up was also statistically significant (ANOVA=24.02, p<0.001). The average weight gain during the stay at the centers was 8.95±3.59 g/kg/day. The mothers of the children lacked adequate information on health issues and composition and preparation of nutrient rich diets for their children.Conclusions: The NRCs were effective in improving the condition of admitted children, but the effects were not well sustained following discharge due to lack of adequate parental awareness and action.

A cross sectional study to find out the magnitude of “at risk” children (showing growth faltering/decline) among under-five population attending anganwadi centres in Bhopal district, Madhya Pradesh

Background: In our country the state of under-nutrition was recognized/diagnosed too late or not at all, and therefore the effort to alleviate undernutrition was also delayed. The timely recognition of “at risk” children (showing growth faltering/decline) liable for undernutrition can avert wasting; stunting and prevent severe malnutrition due to concomitant infections and other complications.Methods: A community based cross-sectional study was carried out in urban and rural area of Bhopal district, Madhya Pradesh, among under-5 children attending anganwadi centres. All the children enrolled among selected urban and rural AWCs were taken as study population. Primary information regarding “at risk” children (showing growth faltering/growth decline) was obtained by reviewing last one year growth monitoring records available.Results: There were total 10 anganwadi centres visited and growth monitoring record of last one year was analysed. There were total 1230 children enrolled in anganwadi centres under study. As per the available record we found that 416 (33.82%) of the total children enrolled in the anganwadi centres under study were “at risk” of malnutrition. The magnitude of at risk children was almost double in the urban area (43.24%) as compare to the rural area (23%). This difference was found statistically significant. Gender wise distribution of “at risk” children shows that there is marginal difference in the magnitude of “at risk” status among boys (34.57%) and girls (33.06%) and similar difference was found in urban and rural anganwadi centres under study.Conclusions: The study conclude that children belong to 2 to 4 year age group are “at risk” of under nutrition. Both the genders are equally susceptible of under nutrition though children belong to urban area had more risk as compare to rural area.

Provider reported barriers and solutions to improve testing among tuberculosis patients 'eligible for drug susceptibility test': A qualitative study from programmatic setting in India.

BackgroundIn a study conducted in Bhopal district (a setting with facility for molecular drug susceptibility testing (DST)) located in central India in 2014–15, we found high levels of pre-diagnosis attrition among patients with presumptive multi drug-resistant tuberculosis (MDR-TB)–meaning TB patients who were eligible for DST, were not being tested.ObjectivesIn this study, we explored the health care provider perspectives into barriers and suggested solutions for improving DST.MethodsThis was a descriptive qualitative study. One to one interviews (n = 10) and focus group discussions (n = 2) with experienced key informants involved in programmatic management of DR-TB were conducted in April 2017. Manual descriptive thematic analysis was performed.ResultsThe key barriers reported were a) lack of or delay in identification of patients eligible for DST because of using treatment register as the source for identifying patients b) lack of assured specimen transport after patient identification and c) lack of tracking. Extra pulmonary TB patients were not getting identified as eligible for DST. Solutions suggested by the health care providers were i) generation of unique identifier at identification in designated microscopy center (DMC), immediate intimation of unique identifier to district and regular monitoring by senior TB laboratory and senior treatment supervisors of patients eligible for DST that were missed; ii) documentation of unique identifier at each step of cascade; iii) use of human carriers/couriers to transport specimen from DMCs especially in rural areas; and iv) routine entry of all presumptive extra-pulmonary TB specimen, as far as possible, in DMC laboratory register.ConclusionLack of assured specimen transport and lack of accountability for tracking patient after identification and referral were the key barriers. The identification of patients eligible for DST among microbiologically confirmed TB at the time of diagnosis and among clinically confirmed TB at the time of treatment initiation is the key. Use of unique identifier at identification and its use to ensure cohort wise tracking has to be complemented with specimen transport support and prompt feedback to the DMC. The study has implications to improve detection of MDR-TB among diagnosed/notified TB patients.

Cross Sectional Study to find out the Prevalence of Tobacco use among High School & Higher Secondary class Students of Government Schools of Bhopal

Background: Tobacco use, and its negative health, social and economic impacts, is a significant global health challenge. Tobacco consumption in each age group is emerging as public health problem in all countries. More so often difficult in case of school going adolescents due to the easy availability of the tobacco products. Despite of the well-known fact that tobacco use is one of the leading preventable causes of premature death, disease, and disability around the world. Objectives: (1)To find out the proportion of students consuming tobacco among the students of government schools of class IX to XII.(2)To find out the age of initiation of tobacco consumption among the study group. (3)To find out the risk factors responsible for the tobacco habits among the study group. Methodology: This was a cross sectional study with multistage sampling method, in which selection of schools was done by systematic random sampling from the list of all government schools of Bhopal district. Results: The proportion of tobacco use among the study subjects in the current study was 22.69% with 46.21% in boys and 5.92% in girls. proportion of students consuming tobacco among the students of government schools of class IX to XII.In the present study, the mean age of initiation of tobacco use was 12+1.23years.

Micro Finance Schemes : An Insight into the Impact on Standard of Living and Level of Awareness Amongst Target Social Groups.astudy of Bhopal District

Today if you look at the financial system around the globe, more than half the population in the world- around three billion – do not qualify to take out a loan from a bank (Muhammad Yunus).This reason turned out to be the actual driving force behind the birth of the microfinance movement stating from Grameen Bank in Bangladesh in 1983 to Grameen America movement today. Microfinance has received increasing attention as an effective strategy to alleviate poverty by providing financial services to the poor who have little or no access to capital and formal financial services, as well as providing additional support services such as training on education, healthcare and other basic needs. Yet the increasing attention and reputation that microfinance institutions (MFIs) have achieved, their contribution to poverty alleviation on a global level remains limited. The research paper aims to take an insight into the impact of microfinance schemes on the standard of living of the beneficiaries who have availed the advantage of such schemes in the district of Bhopal. The study aims to reveal the experience of these beneficiaries through careful investigation and analysis. The Microfinance schemes propose to aim at poverty eradication among the society. The objective of this study thus brings under its purview the examination of how these schemes have impacted greatly on asset acquisition and savings of the beneficiaries tocurb down their poverty level. A total of 720 beneficiaries of State Bank of India in Bhopal were selected as the study sample who had alreadyavailed the benefits of these Microfinance schemes. A primary questionnaire was formulated to record the experiences of these beneficiaries and thus the results were analyzed. Furthermore, the paper also examines the level of awareness about the microfinance schemes amongst the target social groups for whom these schemes have been devised.

Screening for diabetes among tuberculosis patients registered under revised national tuberculosis control program, Bhopal, India.

Context:Tuberculosis (TB) and diabetes mellitus (DM) remain a global public health problem. India has the largest number of TB cases; in 2015, out of total global annual incidence of 9.6 million TB cases, 2.2 million were estimated from India. There are 62.4 million people with type 2 diabetes and 77 million people with prediabetes in India, and these numbers are projected to increase to 101 million by the year 2030. Diabetes and TB affect each other at many levels. Screening for diabetes in patients with TB will not only help in early case detection but also better management of both comorbidities.Aims:(i) To determine the prevalence of diabetes and prediabetes among diagnosed cases of TB registered under RNTCP in Bhopal district. (ii) To determine additional yield of previously unknown DM and the number needed to screen (NNS) to find out a new case of DM. (iii) To find out the factors associated with diabetes among patients diagnosed with TB registered under RNTCP in Bhopal district.Settings and Design:This study was a cross-sectional study conducted on registered patients with TB under RNTCP in two TB units of Bhopal district.Materials and Methods:Participants were contacted and interview was conducted after obtaining consent using predesigned and pretested performa during the period of 1st October 2014 to 30th March 2015 for a period of 6 months.Statistical Analysis Used:Continuous variable were summarized as frequency, mean, and standard deviation. All variables were analyzed using Chi-square test of significance; P < 0.05 was taken as statically significant.Result:Of the total 528 patients with TB, 296 was male and 232 were female. Of the total, 63 (11.9%) patients were diagnosed as diabetic. NNS to diagnose a new case of DM was 22.1. Significant association was found with six variables which are age, sex, body mass index, type of TB, category of TB, and smoking.Conclusion:This study shows feasibility and importance of screening of patients with TB in existing program settings.

A study on prevalence of diabetes and associated risk factors among diagnosed tuberculosis patients registered under Revised National Tuberculosis Control Programme in Bhopal District.

Context:Tuberculosis (TB) and diabetes mellitus (DM) remains a worldwide global public health problem. About 95% of patients with TB live in the low and middle-income countries and more than 70% of patients with DM also live in the same countries, especially in South East Asia. Screening for diabetes in patients with TB will not only ensure early case detection but also better management of diabetes and will lead to better TB treatment outcome.Aims:This study aims to determine the prevalence and its associated factors of diabetes and prediabetes among diagnosed cases of TB patients registered under Revised National Tuberculosis Control Programme (RNTCP) in Bhopal city.Settings and Design:The current study was a longitudinal follow-up study conducted among registered TB patients under RNTCP in all 5 TB units of Bhopal District.Subjects and Methods:Participants were contacted and interview was conducted after obtaining consent using predesigned and pretested Performa during October 2013–September 2014.Statistical Analysis Used:Continuous variable were summarized as frequency, mean, and standard deviation. All variables were analyzed using Chi-square test of significance; P < 0.05 was taken as statically significant.Results:Out of the total 662 TB patients, 352 were male and 310 were female. Out of the total, 82 (12.39%) patients were diagnosed as diabetic and 108 (16.3%) were prediabetic. significant association found with six variables which are age, sex, body mass index, type of TB, Category of TB, and smoking.Conclusion:This study shows feasibility and importance of screening of TB patients.

Evaluation of measles immunization coverage in rural area of central India using WHO EPI 30 cluster survey method

Background: Measles is one of the most infectious diseases known to humankind and an important cause of death and disability among children worldwide. In 2010, the World Health Assembly set milestones towards global measles eradication, to be reached by 2015. One of the milestones is to Increase in routine coverage with the first dose of measles-containing vaccine (MCV1) for children aged 1 year to ≥90% nationally and ≥80% in every district.Methods: A community based cross sectional study was carried out in rural area of Bhopal district, central India from September 2014 to November 2014. The WHO EPI 30-cluster survey methodology was used as sampling method. A pre designed and pre tested questionnaire was used to collect information on immunization coverage. Data was entered into Microsoft Excel and was analyzed by using EPI Info version 7.Results: The mean age of study subjects was 17.7 months with SD of 3.64. Out of total 210 subjects 57.2% were boys and 42.8 % were girls. Our study findings suggest that 92% of the children were vaccinated for MCV1 vaccine and 8 % were not received MCV1 vaccine. The association of place of delivery with MCV1 vaccination status was found statistically significant (P &lt;0.001).Conclusions: We found high measles vaccination coverage in the field practice area as compared to other surveys. Main reasons found behind noncompliance were unawareness about Universal Immunization programme, lack of information about Measles and its complications, away from home on the session day, long distance of session site from home.

Role of district poverty initiatives project (DPIP) for the enhancement of livelihood of the villagers of Chhatarpur district of M.P.

Study was conducted in Bhopal district of M.P. in 2011. Unemployment and poverty in general is the non-availability of a remunerative work to people who are otherwise worthy of doing such work with requisite efficiency. Government has formulated innumerable schemes and projects, which are in an operation to check growing poverty as a multi-prolonging strategy. The government of India has been launching several schemes for the unemployed in the rural and urban area of the country. The present study is helpful to administrators, policy makers, researchers and banking/financing institutions for making future strategies and also explores the weakness of the present implementations. An overwhelming majority of the poor are in rural areas and continue to depend on agriculture for want of any other livelihood opportunities outside the sector. About 52 per cent of the country's workforce and over 60 per cent of the population depends on agriculture which now accounts for just 17 per cent of the country's GDP, thus, perpetuating rural poverty and widening the rural-urban divide. Economic motivation is the degree to which an individual intends to earn to the maximum extent. Economic motivation has been conceptualized as one's orientation towards profit maximization in farming.

High pre-diagnosis attrition among patients with presumptive MDR-TB: an operational research from Bhopal district, India

BackgroundPre-diagnosis attrition needs to be addressed urgently if we are to make progress in improving MDR-TB case detection and achieve universal access to MDR-TB care. We report the pre-diagnosis attrition, along with factors associated, and turnaround times related to the diagnostic pathway among patient with presumptive MDR-TB in Bhopal district, central India (2014).MethodsStudy was conducted under the Revised National Tuberculosis Control Programme setting. It was a retrospective cohort study involving record review of all registered TB cases in Bhopal district that met the presumptive MDR-TB criteria (eligible for DST) in 2014. In quarter 1, Line Probe Assay (LPA) was used if sample was smear/culture positive. Quarter 2 onwards, LPA and Cartridge-based Nucleic Acid Amplification Test (CbNAAT) was used for smear positive and smear negative samples respectively. Pre-diagnosis attrition was defined as failure to undergo DST among patients with presumptive MDR-TB (as defined by the programme).ResultsOf 770 patients eligible for DST, 311 underwent DST and 20 patients were diagnosed as having MDR-TB. Pre-diagnosis attrition was 60% (459/770). Among those with pre-diagnosis attrition, 91% (417/459) were not identified as ‘presumptive MDR-TB’ by the programme. TAT [median (IQR)] to undergo DST after eligibility was 4 (0, 10) days. Attrition was more than 40% across all subgroups. Age more than 64 years; those from a medical college; those eligible in quarter 1; patients with presumptive criteria ‘previously treated – recurrent TB’, ‘treatment after loss-to-follow-up’ and ‘previously treated-others’; and patients with extra-pulmonary TB were independent risk factors for not undergoing DST.ConclusionHigh pre-diagnosis attrition was contributed by failure to identify and refer patients. Attrition reduced modestly with time and one factor that might have contributed to this was introduction of CbNAAT in quarter 2 of 2014. General health system strengthening which includes improvement in identification/referral and patient tracking with focus on those with higher risk for not undergoing DST is urgently required.

Treatment Initiation among Patients with Multidrug Resistant Tuberculosis in Bhopal District, India

Revised national tuberculosis control programme in India has limited co-hort-wise information about what happens to patients diagnosed with multidrug resistant TB (MDR-TB). We determined the pre-treatment loss to follow-up (non-initiation of treatment by programme within 6 months of diagnosis) and time from diagnosis to treatment initiation in Bhopal district, central India (2014). Pre-treatment loss to follow-up was 13% (0.95 CI: 7%, 23%), not significantly different from the national estimates (18%) and median time to initiate treatment was seven days, lower than that reported elsewhere in the country. Bhopal was performing well with reference to time to treatment initiation in programmatic settings.

Dental caries prevalence and treatment needs among 12- and 15-year-old school-going children of rural and Urban Areas of Bhopal District, India

Introduction: Dental caries is highly prevalent among children and persists to be a significant public health problem worldwide. Aim: The aim of this study is to assess the prevalence of dental caries and treatment needs of 12- and 15-year-old schoolchildren of Bhopal district and to compare the dental caries levels and treatment needs of government schoolchildren of urban and rural areas of Bhopal district. Materials and Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted among 12- and 15-year-old urban and rural school-going children of Bhopal district. A total of 1100 schoolchildren were screened using a multistage sampling procedure. The children were examined according to the dentition status and treatment needs, WHO (modified) oral health assessment. Student's t-test was used for continuous variables and Chi-square test used for categorical data and P < 0.05 was considered statistically significant. Results: The prevalence of dental caries at the age of 12 years was 33.5% and 26.5% at the age of 15 years. Dental caries was higher in urban schools as compared to rural schools. The maximum need was for one-surface restoration. Conclusion: The prevalence of dental caries at both the age groups was low. This suggested a need of dental health education program including proper oral hygiene instruction which helps children to improve positive dental attitude and behavior.

Traumatic dental injuries to the anterior teeth among 12-year and 15-year-old schoolchildren of urban and rural areas of Bhopal District, Central India: A prevalence study

Background: Traumatic dental injuries (TDIs) are one such condition that can occur at any age, but the trauma to children's teeth occurs quite frequently. TDIs involving the anterior teeth may not only lead to restriction in biting, phonetics, and esthetics but also have an impact on a child's personality and quality of life. The objective of this study was to assess the prevalence of the TDIs of the permanent anterior teeth among 12-year- and 15-year-old schoolchildren of urban and rural areas of Bhopal district, Central India. Materials and Methods: The descriptive cross-sectional survey was carried on 1100 schoolchildren. For the selection of schools, a three-stage sampling procedure was adopted. A specially prepared and pretested pro forma designed for collecting all the required and relevant general information and clinical findings. The pro forma including the demographic data and questions regarding history of injury to detect the cause, place, duration of trauma to anterior teeth as well as those seeking the treatment for concerned problem was recorded. For clinical examination of TDI to anterior permanent teeth, the World Health Organization (International Classification of Diseases to Dentistry and Stomatology) classification of tooth fracture was used. SPSS version 20 was used for the statistical analysis. The Chi-square test used for categorical data. P < 0.05 was considered statistically significant. Results: The overall prevalence rate of TDIs to permanent incisor teeth was 12.8%. The prevalence of TDI was higher in rural areas compared to urban areas. The major cause of TDI was sports activities. Conclusion: This indicates the need for community health activities and awareness program.

Association of recurrent aphthous stomatitis and psychological stress in school going teenagers of Bhopal city, Central India: A descriptive study

Aims and Objectives: The present study was framed with the intention to find the prevalence of psychological stress and aphthous ulcer in school going teenagers of Bhopal district and to find a correlation between the two and also to find a gender predilection for psychological stress and aphthous ulcer. Materials and Methods: The present study is a questionnaire-based study, and the questionnaire was derived from Ministry of Social Security, National Solidarity and Reform Institutions. It is a twenty-item scale with eighteen positive and two negative questions. Eight private and eight government schools were chosen, and the students were asked to fill the questionnaire. Students were divided into four categories depending on the level of stress. Results: Among the study group, 32.4% (382) of males and 46.6% (437) of females suffered from the aphthous. Nearly 84.2% of females and 64.7% males were stressed which was significant. Conclusion: Stress and aphthous have a positive correlation, and therefore, most of them who had ulcers were found to be stressed. It is therefore need of the present academic curriculum to inculcate stress-free environment for a healthy mind in a healthy body.

Association of Pregnancy Anxiety and the Risk of Hypertensive Disorder during Pregnancy

&lt;em&gt;Present research study examines the association of pregnancy anxiety and the risk of hypertensive disorder during pregnancy. It is a cross sectional study spread over a period of one and half year. This research is conducted on 200 pregnant women from different maternity homes of Betul &amp;amp; Bhopal District from Madhya Pradesh, India. Levin Pregnancy anxiety scale and SCL -90R (Dergotis,1994) was used to assess the level of pregnancy anxiety among pregnant women having hypertensive disorder or without hypertensive disorder. One way analysis of variance was used for analysis of data to see a significant relationship between pregnancy anxiety and risk of hypertensive disorder among patient group and normal pregnant women’s. The results of the study revealed a significant relationship of pregnancy anxiety among pregnant women having hypertensive disorder in comparison to normal pregnant women’s.&lt;/em&gt;

Relationship of Maternal Depression during Pregnancy and Risk of Preeclampsia

&lt;div&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;Present research paper investigates the relationship of maternal depression during pregnancy and risk of preeclampsia. It is a cross sectional study conducted on 200 pregnant women from different maternity homes in Betul &amp;amp; Bhopal District from Madhya Pradesh. IDAS scale was used to see the depression level among pregnant women having preeclampsia or without preeclampsia. For analysis of data One way analysis of variance was used to show the significant relationship between depression and risk of Preeclampsia among pregnant women having preeclampsia and without preeclampsia. The results of the study show significant relationship of depression among pregnant women having preeclampsia and without preeclampsia.&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/div&gt;

Socio-cultural and Knowledge-Based Barriers to Tuberculosis Diagnosis for Women in Bhopal, India.

Background:In India, only one woman is diagnosed with tuberculosis (TB) for every 2.4 men. Previous studies have indicated gender disparities in care-seeking behavior and TB diagnosis; however, little is known about the specific barriers women face.Objectives:This study aimed to characterize socio-cultural and knowledge-based barriers that affected TB diagnosis for women in Bhopal, India.Materials and Methods:In-depth interviews were conducted with 13 affected women and 6 health-care workers. The Bhopal Diagnostic Microscopy Laboratory Register (n = 121) and the Bhopal district report (n = 261) were examined for diagnostic and care-seeking trends.Results:Women, especially younger women, faced socio-cultural barriers and stigma, causing many to hide their symptoms. Older women had little awareness about TB. Women often sought treatment from private practitioners, resulting in delayed diagnosis.Conclusions:Understanding these diagnostic and help-seeking behaviors barriers for women is critical for development of a gender-sensitive TB control program.

Relationship of body mass index and other life style factors with hypertension in adolescents.

Background:Over the past two decades, it has been observed that hypertension shows an increasing trend in children and adolescents. Various factors are contributing to this upward trend, and they primarily include changes in lifestyle and dietary habits.Objectives:The aim of this study was to evaluate the prevalence of hypertension in school going adolescent children and to study the associated risk factors.Materials and Methods:This prospective cross-sectional observational study was conducted over a period of one year on apparently healthy adolescents of randomly selected urban schools of Bhopal district of Madhya Pradesh, Central India. A pretested and prevalidated questionnaire was used to collect the details including present or past history of illness, family history of hypertension, socioeconomic status, and sleep pattern and birth weight of the children. This was followed by anthropometric and blood pressure (BP) measurements and thorough systemic examination.Results:Out of 1221 children recruited in the study, 618 were boys, and 603 were girls. 22.7%, body mass index (BMI) of majority (85%) of the students was between 5th and 84th percentile, 5.65% were obese (BMI ≥95th) and 9.18% children were overweight (85th-95th percentile). Systolic and diastolic hypertension (BP >95th percentile) was seen in 61 (4.1%) and 48 (3.9%) participants, respectively. Both systolic and diastolic hypertension was seen in 30 (2.45%) participants. Systolic and diastolic prehypertension (BP 90th to <95th percentile) was seen in 88 (7.3%) and 68 (5.6%) participants, respectively. A highly significant association (P < 0.01) of sex, BMI, systolic BP, family history of hypertension, and birth weight with diastolic BP was seen.Conclusion:There is a significant positive correlation of BMI with both systolic and diastolic BP. The family history of hypertension appears to be an important risk factor for the increase in both systolic and diastolic BP. Low birth weight and male sex seem to be risk factors for diastolic hypertension.

Ethnobotanical study of antilithic plants of Bhopal district

Ethnopharmacological relevanceSince urolithiasis is the third most common disease, found throughout the world, with a prevalence of 1–5% in Asia and two stone belts have been identified in India, one of which includes the study area, so an ethnobotanical study was conducted in and around the Bhopal district of Madhya Pradesh, India to investigate the range of plant species used in the treatment of urolithiasis. Materials and methodsSurvey was undertaken in 75 villages of four directions of the Bhopal district and in the 3 herbal fairs that were organized in this area during the study period. Interviews were conducted with 304 people in whom 270 people were of villages in the four directions while 18 were traditional medicine dealers or Ayurveda consultants and 16 were knowable people. Results: Total 67 plant species belonging to 40 families were encountered during the study. The most predominant families in terms of number of species were Asteraceae and Papilionaceae with 5 species each. In the four directions, the people of eastern direction were found to have maximum knowledge of antilithic plants, but the Ayurveda consultants and knowable people were found to have much more knowledge than all the general people of the villages. Nine plant species, namely, Citrullus lanatus Thunb.(Cucurbitaceae), Malva sylvestris L. (Malvaceae), Urginea indica (Roxb.) Kunth (Liliaceae), Bauhinia variegata L. (Caesalpiniaceae), Dolichos uniflorus L.(Papilionaceae), Psidium guajava L. (Myrtaceae), Calotropis procera (Ait.) R.Br. (Asclepiadaceae), Picrorhiza kurroa Royle ex Benth. (Plantaginaceae) and Piper longum L. (Piperaceae) was not found to be previously mentioned for the treatment of lithiasis. Boerhaavia diffusa L. was found to have the highest use value. On the basis of habit of these plants, herbs constituted 41.79% of the total plant species used. ConclusionsFrom this study, it can be concluded that complete ethnobotanical knowledge can be gained only when thorough literature survey along with field survey with respect to common man, traditional medicine dealers or Ayurveda consultants and knowable people has been extensively undertaken. This study will help in making the people aware about the selected plants or other suggested plants for use in lithiasis.