Bharuch District Research Articles

Economic Performance and Consraints Faced by Tur Dal Processing Units- Bharuch District, Gujarat

The study of economic performance of Tur dal processing units in terms of cost is very essential for accelerating the growth of agriculture processing industries. The present study was undertaken to work out the unit fixed costs, variable costs, production costs and returns of processing of Tur dal and different constraints faced by Tur dal processors of Bharuch District of Gujarat. The primary data pertained to consecutive three years i.e., 2017-18, 2018-2019, and 2019-20 were collected from the sample of three Tur dal mills from Bharuch, Ankleshwar and Vaghra talukas of Bharuch district. The results indicated that the average capital investment for a dal mill per unit was Rs. 7, 10, 00,000. The average fixed cost and average variable cost per quintal was of INR 46.10 and 245.46 respectively. Hence, average processing cost per quintal was worked out to be Rs. 291.56. The gross return per quintal of processed tur dal was Rs. 5754.50. The average content of tur dal and by- products was in the proportion of 72 per cent and 28 per cent respectively, by weight. The recovery in one quintal of tur was 65 kg of tur dal, 7 kg of broken dal and 28 kg of chala/chuni/ dead seed. The net returns per quintal after processing was found to be Rs. 579.61. It was found that, inadequate supply of raw material for processing especially during off season was the major constraint faced by the dal mill owners followed by units not running on full capacity utilization during offseason and irregular electricity supply to run the unit, etc.

Comparative study on improved organic practices of summer greengram (Vigna radiata L.) at Bharuch district of Gujarat

A field investigation was conducted during the summer season of 2019-20 at the five farmer’s field of Bharuch district of Gujarat to evaluate improved organic practices in greengram. The results revealed that greengram seeds treated with Rhizobium (5 ml/kg seed), PSB (5 ml/kg seed) and Trichoderma viride (3g/kg seed) + NPK: 9:23:00 with DAP 50 kg/ha + FYM: 2 tonnes/ha + Vermicompost (1.0 ton/ha) and need base spray with Agniastra, Dashparni and Chemical insecticides was found superior in terms of increasing growth parameters, yield attributes, yield, economic parameters and nutrient status of soil.

Wilt: An important fungal disease of cotton under South Gujarat region of India

Cotton (Gossypium spp.) is one of the most important fiber crops playing a key role in economic globe. In this experiment, different districts of South Gujarat were closely examined for wilt disease in different cultivars / Bt cotton hybrids during the crop season to know the current scenario of wilt disease. The symptoms of Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. vasinfectum is both seed borne and soil borne and colonizes the roots and vascular system of susceptible cotton cultivars, causing root and vascular discoloration, wilting and sometimes death of the plant. As the wilt disease is becoming an important and destructive disease in the cotton growing areas. So, a field survey was conducted to collect the information on the severity of wilt of cotton in selected districts of South Gujarat region, viz. Surat, Bharuch and Narmada, respectively. The maximum incidence of wilt disease was found in Bharuch district ranged from 8.00 to 21.00 with the maximum per cent incidence 21.00 per cent was observed in Ranipura village of Amod Taluka of South Gujarat and rest were intermittent.

Marketing channels, cost, margins and price spread of Bt cotton in Bharuch district of South Gujarat

This study was conducted for estimation of marketing cost, marketing margin and price spread through different marketing channels of Bt cotton in Bharuch district of South Gujarat region. Two major marketing channels were identified for the Bt cotton i.e., Channel-I: Producer  CCI (Cotton Corporation of India) and Channel-II: Producer  Commission Agent  Ginner  Consumer. The producer could secure about 88.24 and 83.00 per cent of consumer’s rupee in channel-I and channel-II of Bharuch district, respectively. Thus, the channel-I in Bharuch district was found to be more efficient as compared to other channels. The major problems faced by the farmers in production of Bt cotton found that, non-availability of agricultural labour during peak seasons, lack of availability of recommended plant protection chemicals, high incidence of attack from bollworms, non-availability of quality seeds of Bt cotton in time, lack of availability and high cost of recommended fertilizers, growth of weeds, lack of irrigation facilities.

Cost structure of Bt cotton in Bharuch district of South Gujarat

This study was undertaken to determine economic analysis of production of Bt cotton in Bharuch district of South Gujarat during the year 2019-20.The study indicated that Bt cotton was a labour-intensive crop as farmer incurred highest share of 27.85 per cent and 10.95 per cent of cost of cultivation on hired labour charges and family labour charges, respectively. Overall, per hectare Cost A, Cost B1, Cost B2, Cost C1 and Cost C2 were found to be Rs. 54840, Rs. 55847, Rs. 63487, Rs. 63808 and Rs. 71448, respectively. The average annual yield of Bt cotton was 21.15 quintal per ha. Per quintal average cost of production over Cost A, Cost B1, Cost B2,Cost C1 and Cost C2 were in the tune of Rs. 2592.90, Rs. 2640.52, Rs. 3001.74, Rs. 3016.92 and Rs. 3378.16, respectively. On over all basis, per hectare farm business income, family labour income and net income were Rs. 55410.66, Rs. 46763.66 and Rs. 38802.66, respectively. The returns per rupee on investment on Cost A, Cost B1, Cost B2, Cost C1 and Cost C2 were Rs. 2.01, Rs. 1.97, Rs.1.73, Rss 1.72 and Rs. 1.54 per hectare of Bt cotton cultivation, respectively.

TeCHO+ program in Gujarat: a protocol for health technology assessment

The Health and Family Welfare Department, Government of Gujarat, is implementing a program named Technology for Community Health Operation or TeCHO+ addressing state’s priority health issues. This program envisages replacing...

Structure and temporal changes in the mangrove vegetation of Jambusar Taluka of Gulf of Khambhat, India

The objective of the present investigation was to assess the structure and the temporal changes in the mangrove cover of Jambusar Taluka of Bharuch district of Gujarat State, India. This was accomplished by conducting phytosociology surveys using the Point-Centered Quarter method and by analyzing satellite images. The satellite images covering a time scale of more than 30 years (1978–2012) and topographic sheets (1973–1977) prepared by Survey of India were analyzed to map and to bring out the changes in the mangrove cover. ERDAS Imagine (V.9.1) and ESRI’s ArcInfo (User 7.2.1) software was used to carry out the image analysis as well as the change detection study. The results showed that only one species of true mangrove i.e. Avicennia marina was present in the area. The phytosociological survey revealed that the stem density at Jamdi and Devla was 5189 and 30,795 stems/ha respectively. The mangrove extent which was 279.87 ha in 1978 had increased to 1298.26 ha in 2012. Natural regeneration and plantation activities carried out by various agencies were the major reasons for this increase. The change detection analysis however revealed high rates of mangrove loss in the southern part of the taluka.

Characterization and Evaluation of Land Resources of Valia Block, Bharuch District, Gujarat

Detailed soil survey (1:10000 scale) was carried out using base map prepared from satellite data (IRS-P6 LISS IV and Cartosat-1) and Digital Elevation Models (DEM) in conjunction with Survey of India (SOI) Toposheets of 1:50000 scale in Valia block, Bharuch district of Gujarat. On the basis of landform, slope, land use/land cover and ground truth, six landscape ecological Units (LEUs) were delineated and six soil series were identified in the block. Five soil series occur on alluvial plain (cover 66.16 %) and one soil series occupies pediplain 27.61 %. These series were mapped into ten soil mapping units as phases of soil series. The representative pedons of alluvial plain were moderately deep to very deep and their sand, silt and clay content ranged from 8.2 to 44.4, 9.8 to 40.2 and 43.8 to 55.6 per cent, respectively. These pedons were neutral to strongly alkaline (pH 6.8 - 9.7), non-saline with low to high organic carbon (0.18 – 1.2 %) content, low to high calcium carbonate (5.9 - 26.6 %) and high CEC [>35 cmol (p+) kg-1]. Exchangeable complex of these pedons were dominated by Ca2+ followed by Mg2+, Na+ and K+ cations with high base saturation (72.0 to 99. 4 %). Soils were classified as Vertic Haplustepts, Typic Haplusterts, Typic Calciustepts, Typic Haplustepts and Sodic Haplusterts. The representative pedon of pediplains was shallow, dark brown (7.5YR3/2), clayey, strongly alkaline (pH>8.5), non-saline (<2 dSm-1) and had moderate organic carbon (0.50-0.75 %) and calcium carbonate (5-15 %) with high CEC [>35 cmol (p+) kg-1] and classified as Lithic Haplustepts. The soils were evaluated for their suitability for commonly grown crops (cotton, pigeon pea, wheat and chick pea) and mapping unit 2 and 4 were highly suitable for cotton cultivation and other were moderately to marginal suitable for other crops.

Characterization and Classification of Soils of Bharuch Taluka in Bharuch District of Gujarat

A detailed soil survey was undertaken at 1:10000 scale to describe, characterize, classify and evaluate the soils of Bharuch taluka, Bharuch district, Gujarat. Old and recent basaltic alluvial plains are the major landforms of the area. A total of 74 pedons, representing old (41 pedons) and recent (33 pedons) alluvial plains were studied. The soils were correlated and three soil series viz. Umraj, Derol and Singdot were identified. The Umraj belong to a very fine, smectitic Typic Haplusterts covers 30,839 ha (48.5 %) area, whereas Derol and Singdot a fine, smectitic Vertic Haplustepts and fine, mixed, Typic Haplustepts covers 20,604 ha (32.5 %) and 4,164 ha (6.6 %) area, respectively. The sand, silt and clay in the soils varied from 8 to 31, 24 to 49 and 23 to 67 per cent, respectively. The soils were very deep, neutral to slightly alkaline (pH 7.3 to 8.4) with low to medium in organic carbon content (0.14 to 0.58 %), low to high in calcium carbonate (1.9 to 16.5 %) with medium to high CEC [39.4 to 62.0 cmol (p+) kg-1] and high base saturation (67.4 to 92.0 %). Soils were assessed as highly to moderately suitable for major crops (cotton, pigeonpea, maize, sugarcane, wheat and chickpea).

Effect of Zinc and Boron Application on Yield of Brinjal (Solanum melongena L.) in Bharuch District of Gujarat

The field demonstrations were carried out during 2016-17 in Rabi season to know effect of zinc and boron on yield of brinjal at total 10 farmers from Bharuch district. The production of brinjal is quite low in some part of the district due poor soil fertility status and imbalance fertilizer application by farmer. There was complete absence of micronutrients application to the crop. The initial soil analysis data showed deficiency of zinc and boron in experimental soil. Thus, to compare effect and method of use of zinc and boron; soil application and foliar spray were made along with improved practices against farmer practices. The highest plant height, average fruit weight, number of fruits per plant and fruit yield of brinjal was recorded with the soil application of zinc and boron which was superior over the foliar spray and farmer’s practices. The gross return, net return and benefit cost ratio recorded was also maximum in improved practices consisting soil application of zinc and boron as compared farmer’s practices.

Temperature trend in Bharuch district of Gujarat

Temperature trend in Bharuch district of Gujarat

Producton and marketing dynamics of major vegetables in Bharuch district of South Gujarat

Producton and marketing dynamics of major vegetables in Bharuch district of South Gujarat

Analysis of rainfall by using Mann-Kendall trend, Sen’s slope and variability at five districts of south Gujarat, India

On the basis of past 115 years (1901-2015) rainfall data of five districts of south Gujarat, the Mann-Kendall trend, Sen’s slope and regression slope showed that annual and monsoon rainfall at Valsad, Dang and Surat shows the increasing trend while, that of Navsari and Bharuch districts are declining. The monsoon season (summer monsoon) rainfall variability of Valsad, Dang, Surat, Navsari and Bharuch districts was recorded is 30.1%, 30.9%, 35.9%. 33.3% and 38.6%. The high coefficient of variation (CV) denoted that the variability of rainfall is not equally distributed and the amount of rainfall is lowest. The Bharuch district the annual and monsoon CV per cent denoted that the variability of rainfall in both seasons are very high. Valsad was recorded lowest CV with highest rainfall while the data are represent that variability of rainfall which can varies Bharuch to Dang in different districts of south Gujarat. The data shows that Dang district comes under high rainfall and Bharuch under low rainfall on south Gujarat. A low standard deviation indicates that the data points tend to be close to the mean of the set, while a high standard deviation indicates that the data points are spread out over a wider range of values. Similarly high SD is reported at Dang district because of high range of rainfall and lowest SD is found at Bharuch district because of low rainfall variability. The rainfall distribution different season viz., pre monsoon, monsoon post monsoon and winter season, the highest present contribution of rainfall is observed during monsoon season followed by post monsoon in all the five districts of south Gujarat. Rainfall contribution during remaining months was less than one per cent. While month wise analysis shows during monsoon season highest rainfall per cent contribution to annual rainfall is in July followed by August and June months at all the five districts of south Gujarat.

A study on market potential and buying behaviour of micronutrient fertilizers inVadodara andBharuch districts of Gujarat

The agricultural micronutrients market growth has increased progressively because of increased global micronutrient deficiency in soil, shrinkage in the world’s agricultural land, intensive cropping pattern, extensive use of chemical fertilizers, mining of micronutrient reserves and extensive irrigation facilities. The micronutrients include iron, manganese, zinc, boron, copper and molybdenum required by most plants in small amounts are not less important in plant growth than the other essential nutrients. In order to understand market potential and buying behaviour of micronutrient fertilizers in different districts, the present study was undertaken during 2016. Data were collected through personal interview from 120 farmers and 50 retailers in two districts of Gujarat i.e. Vadodara and Bharuch. Majority of the respondents were medium farmers having land of 4 to 10 acre and were observed growing banana, sugarcane, cotton, castor and chilli. Eighty three per cent of the respondents of Vadodara district and 92 per cent of Bharuch district were found using micronutrient fertilizers. The farmers who were not using the micronutrient fertilizers gave the reasons like they did not need, they were aware but did not use and they knew the importance but did not want to use in any way. Market potential for different categories of micronutrient fertilizers varied from approximately 3 lakhs to 71 crore in both districts. Most of the farmers received information regarding micronutrient fertilizers from retailers (62% in Vadodara and 72% in Bharuch) and were observed purchasing the micronutrient fertilizers from local private dealers/retailers (82% in Vadodara and 75% in Bharuch). Farmers used their past experience for purchase of micronutrient fertilizers. Many of the retailers faced the problems of unawareness of farmers, orthodox mind of farmers, delay in payment of credit and less understanding about micronutrient fertilizers.

Monitoring Land Use and Infrastructure Changes in Industrial Complex Using Geo-Informatics Technology in Gujarat State, India

In the present study, detailed investigations have been carried out in Petroleum, Chemicals and Petrochemical Investment Region (PCPIR) area in Vygra and Bharuch Talukas in Bharuch district of Gujarat State. Indian Remote Sensing Satellite (IRS-P6) LISS-III, LISS-IV and CARTOSAT digital data covering PCPIR area in Bharuch district for the period of January & February of 2011, 2012 and 2013 was analyzed for land use/land cover mapping and monitoring the changes in land use. Various thematic land use/land cover maps were prepared and GIS database for various thematic layers have been generated using satellite and ground based information. The results indicate that the major land use in the PCPIR area is agriculture with crop lands ranging from 61 to 63 per cent of the total area. Crop land has decreased from 64.7% during 2011 to 62.7% during 2013 in the PCPIR region. Area under plantations in PCPIR area has also decreased from 5.5% during 2011 to 5.2% during 2012. The industrial area has increased from 6.0% to 7.6% of the total area of the PCPIR region. The total built-up area (industries & village area) has increased from 7.1% during 2011 to 8.7% during 2013. Tree plantations in the area of around 42 ha were carried out by GIDC during 2012 and 2013 to increase the green cover in the PCPIR area.

A fossil wood of Gynocardia from the Valia Lignite Mine, Bharuch District, Gujarat

The Valia Lignite Mine situated near Bharuch (Gujarat) is poorly explored as far as the animal and plant remains are concerned. In order to explore the mine for building the palaeofloristics and reconstruction of the palaeoenvironment, a few wood pieces were collected from there. Subsurface beds of the early Eocene (Cambay Shale Formation) age are exposed in this open cast mine. A new fossil wood, Gynocardia eocenica sp. nov., of the Achariaceae is described for the first time from there. Gynocardia is monotypic and found in evergreen rain forests of northeast India, Bangladesh and Myanmar. The occurrence of present fossil indicates that the genus was originated in India during the early Eocene when the climatic conditions were warm and humid. Later on, it became extinct from western India due to the presence of arid to semiarid conditions and confined to northeast India having the equable climate.

Emotional Intelligence as A Related To Difference Areas, Stream’ And Sex’ Among School Student

This is the study was conducted as Emotional intelligence in the variables associated as a Types of area’s (rural and urban), types of a streams (Arts and Science ), and types of sex as a male and female. On a sample of 240 cases selected from secondary and higher secondary schools student’s of Bharuch district of Gujarat state by rendering 2 x 2 x 2 three-factor factorial research design. The emotional intelligence scale constructed and standardize by Patel and Patel 1985 was used to measured emotional intelligence. The results reveal that’s rural student are more emotional intelligence than urban school students are. In addition, emotional intelligence has be found to the greater in student of science stream compare to arts student and female student’s as compare to a student of arts stream and male student’s respectively.

A fossil wood of Gluta L. (Anacardiaceae) from the Early Eocene sediments of Gujarat, western India

A fossil wood showing resemblance with the modern genus Gluta L. is described from the Rajpardi Lignite Mine of Bharuch District, Gujarat. The age of this mine has been considered as Early Eocene. The modern comparable species of the fossil, Gluta travancorica Bedd., is an evergreen element and presently growing in wet evergreen forests of Western Ghats, India. An account of the present distribution of its modern analogue, along with previously described fossils from the same locality indicates the existence of humid conditions and evergreen forest in and around the fossil locality during the Eocene as compared to arid to semi–arid climate in the area today.

First record of a lauraceous wood from the Palaeogene sediments of western India

A fossil wood of Lauraceae resembling those of the modern genera Cinnamomum Spreng. and Litsea Lam. is described from the Vagadkhol Formation of Bharuch District, Gujarat considered to be Palaeocene-Early Eocene in age. This is the first record of a fossil wood of this family from western India. In view of the meagre fossil records known from the Palaeogene sediments of western India, the present finding becomes important as it enriches the palaeofloristics. Its presence, along with the already described fossils indicates warm and humid conditions in the region during the depositional period in contrast to the present day dry climate.

Newborn care practices: A case study of tribal women, Gujarat

Plateaued rate of decline in neonatal mortality rate is one of the major obstacles in achieving Millennium Development Goal 4 especially in developing countries. Even in India, nationwide interventions targeting safe mother and newborn care have not yielded the desired impact, indicating the necessity to combat neonatal mortality rate at population specific level. The objective of this study is to identify the newborn care practices and beliefs, analyze their harmful or beneficial characteristics, describe the deviations from the essential newborn care practices during hospital/home delivery, explain barriers to care seeking and identify areas of potential resistance for behavior change; and utilize study findings to tailor-make cost-effective essential newborn care package. The study uses qualitative data from in-depth interview of mothers who had experienced neonatal death and key-informant interviews with healthcare personnel and birth attendants. 33 cases were randomly selected from the registered neonatal deaths across Bharuch district of Gujarat, India. Key finding of this study is less prevalent practice of essential newborn care among all cases irrespective of place of delivery and the health-care personnel facilitating delivery. Habitual traditional/tribal newborn care methods challenge the practice of prescribed essential newborn care. Clustering of deaths in few households added significantly to the existing burden of neonatal deaths, attributed to superstition “Ratewa” by tribal. Study has concluded that the introduction and implementation of essential newborn care at hospital and community/ household level are the need of the hour. Quality home based neonatal care through cost effective interventions is deemed necessary where accessing institutional care is not possible in the immediate term. Community health workers can contribute to the eradication of harmful newborn care practices and the sustenance of essential practices through community education and behavior change communication.