Beverage Index Research Articles

Stringency of Movement Restrictions Linked With Higher Retail Food Prices but Not Overall Prices for All Consumer Goods During COVID-19 Pandemic

ObjectivesThe COVID-19 crisis has disrupted economies and health systems across the globe and has brought substantial challenges for food systems. Government responses key to minimizing disease spread have included a number of movement restriction policies (e.g., school closures, stay at home measures, etc.). Such policies have impacted food consumption and purchasing behaviours and have harmed much of the face-to-face type of labour required for food retailing, which in turn may have impacted the affordability of diets. We use evidence from 133 countries to investigate the association between stringency in movement restriction policies and retail price levels for food and other consumer goods.MethodsWe use the International Monetary Fund's monthly national consumer price index (CPI), and food and non-alcoholic beverage index (FCPI), as well as a ratio of FCPI to CPI—the food price index (FPI)—for 133 countries from January 2017 to November2020. Data on stringency in movement restriction policies and COVID-19 cases and mortality per million were obtained from the Oxford COVID-19 Government Response Tracker and the European Centre for Disease Prevention and Control, respectively. Fixed effects regression models were used to estimate the association between stringency of COVID-19 movement restrictions and monthly differences in 2020 retail price levels (from average 2017–2019 levels) of foods and other consumer goods, while controlling for pandemic severity in each country and month.ResultsRegression models yielded a positive and significant relationship between stringency level and FCPI level (coeff. = 1.24–1.91; 95% CIs: 0.25–2.79) or FPI level (coeff. = 1.24–2.14; 95% CIs: 0.60–2.53). Alternatively, stringency level was either negatively associated with CPI level (coeff. = −0.57; 95% CI: −1.06 – −0.07) or not significantly associated with CPI level.ConclusionsGovernment response stringency in COVID-19 movement restriction policies is linked with higher retail food price levels. Governments could consider implementing these policies alongside other measures (e.g., food assistance) to mitigate negative spillovers into the domain of food security and nutrition.Funding SourcesThis work was supported by the Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation and UKAid through the Foreign, Commonwealth & Development Office of the UK.

The association between Healthy Beverage Index and anthropometric measures among children: a cross-sectional study.

Several studies evaluated the associations between specific beverages and cardio-metabolic risks among children. However, the evidence on the association between patterns of the beverage consumption and children's anthropometric indices is rare. Therefore, this study was conducted to examine the association between Healthy Beverage Index (HBI) and anthropometric measures among 6-year-old girl children. In this cross-sectional study, 788 children selected from health centers in Tehran, Iran. Data on beverage intake, socio-demographic, physical activity, and anthropometric characteristics were evaluated using reliable and validated standard protocols. The predefined HBI was calculated based on the previous research. After controlling for several confounders [mother age, mother body mass index, mother physical activity, socioeconomic status, children physical activity and energy intake, total oils (all kinds of oils like animal and plant oils), and total sweet foods (sweet foods except sweetened beverages)], being in the third compared to the first tertile of HBI among children was associated with increased odds of wasting (OR: 5.16; 95% CI 1.5-17.79) and underweight/wasting (OR: 1.81; 95% CI 1.07-3.07). Among the HBI components, just being in the third compared to the first tertile of high-fat milk was inversely associated with decreased odds of wasting (OR: 0.18; 95% CI 0.04-0.73). The HBI among children was associated with higher odds of wasting and underweight/wasting. In addition, high-fat milk consumption decreased the odds of wasting among children. Further prospective studies need to confirm these results. Level V, descriptive cross-sectional study.

Internal Factors Affecting Profitability of Companies: A Research on BİST Food, Beverage Index Companies

Bu çalışmanın amacı firma kârlılığına etki eden içsel faktörlerin tespit edilmesidir. Bu amaçla BİST Gıda ve İçecek endeksinde hisseleri işlem gören 21 firmanın 2009-2017 finansal tablo verileri kullanılarak panel veri analizi yapılmıştır. Çalışmada kârlılık göstergesi olan değişkenler bağımlı değişken olarak kullanılırken kârlılık üzerinde etkisi olduğu düşünülen içsel faktörler yani firmaların finansal yapı, likidite ve faaliyet etkinliği oranları ise bağımsız değişken olarak kullanılmıştır. Çalışmada kârlılığa etki eden faktörleri tespit etmek amacıyla iki ayrı model kullanılmıştır. Model1’de ekonomik kârlılık oranı, model2’de ise aktif kârlılık oranı bağımlı değişken olarak kullanılmıştır. Modellerde kârlılığa etki eden faktörleri tespit etmek amacıyla on beş farklı finansal oran kullanılmıştır. Yapılan analiz sonucunda model1’de ve model2’de öz sermaye kârlılığı, Net işletme sermayesi, kısa vadeli borç oranı, uzun vadeli borç oranı ve alacakların ortalama tahsil süresi değişkenlerinin ekonomik kârlılık oranı ve aktif kârlılık oranı üzerinde anlamlı bir etkisinin olduğu tespit edilmiştir. Her iki modelde de kârlılık değişkenleri üzerinde öz sermaye kârlılığı oranının pozitif bir etkisinin olduğu tespit edilirken alacakların ortalama tahsil süresi, kısa vadeli borç oranı, uzun vadeli borç oranı ve net işletme sermayesi değişkenlerinin ise negatif etkisinin olduğu görülmüştür.

Dietary Intake Changes in Response to a Sugar-Sweetened Beverage Reduction Trial for Various Supplemental Nutrition Assistance Program (SNAP) Eligibility Groups

ObjectiveTo examine dietary intake differences resulting from a sugar-sweetened beverage reduction intervention by 3 Supplemental Nutrition Assistance Program (SNAP) participation groups: SNAP participants (n = 56), income-eligible nonparticipants (n = 30), and income-ineligible nonparticipants (n = 60). MethodsAdults in southwest Virginia were enrolled in a 6-month behavioral trial. The researchers collected SNAP enrollment status and 3 24-hour dietary recalls at baseline and 6 months. Repeated-measures ANOVAs were used to assess differences in dietary intake among SNAP participation groups. ResultsNo significant group × time differences were found for energy density, Healthy Eating Index scores, Healthy Beverage Index scores, or intake of total calories, added sugars, and sugar-sweetened beverages. However, several within-group improvements were noted: income-ineligible nonparticipants and SNAP participants improved in more areas compared with income-eligible nonparticipants, including intake of total calories, added sugars, and sugar-sweetened beverages. Conclusions and ImplicationsThis exploratory analysis suggests that the overall effectiveness of a sugar-sweetened beverage intake reduction intervention was not influenced by SNAP eligibility and participation status, because there were no significant group by time differences over the intervention. It is important to recognize for future programs that different approaches to improving dietary intake may be needed to match the characteristics of this audience better. This may be accomplished by attempting to decrease the disparity gap between income-eligible nonparticipants and those receiving SNAP or who are income ineligible through the use of programs such as SIPsmartER.

Assessment of the Contribution of Dietary and Beverage Intake Quality to Obesity Development

ABSTRACTObjective: Low dietary quality is an important indicator of unhealthy eating patterns that can lead to some consequences such as obesity, so policy is a very powerful tool that can affect the consumption of both healthy and unhealthy foods. Indices that assess whether nutritional policies are applied contribute to the assessment of the quality of the population's diet. This study was conducted to investigate the quality of diets and beverages consumed by Turkish adults, and the factors affecting them.Method: This cross-sectional descriptive study was conducted on 352 adults aged between 18 and 58 years. The quality of diet and beverage was measured through the Healthy Eating Index-2010 (HEI) and Healthy Beverage Index (HBI), respectively, using 2-day (weekday and weekend) dietary recall data.Results: The total HBI scores were 79.1 ± 11.8 and 81.0 ± 11.6; total HEI-2010 scores were 45.9 ± 12.3 and 52.3 ± 11.0, of men and women, respectively (p < 0.05). The women had significantly higher scores than that of the men in the HEI-2010 subcomponent of empty calories (p > 0.05). Sugar-sweetened beverage (HBI subcomponent) was significantly correlated with the scores of HEI-2010 and empty calorie (HEI-2010 subcomponent), as expected (p < 0.01). The caloric beverages contributed ∼133.6 kcal/d to the total caloric intake.Conclusions: The mean contribution of beverages to total daily energy intake of participants was found to be at the suggestion level. This result is rewarding when the relationship of sugar-sweetened beverages scores with the scores of HEI and empty calories is considered.

Validation of a Rapid Method to Assess Habitual Beverage Intake Patterns.

The Healthy Beverage Index (HBI) is an emerging approach to assess beverage pattern quality. HBI total scores range from 0 to 100, with higher scores indicating greater adherence to proposed beverage recommendations. However, assessing patterns is resource-intensive due to the need for extensive dietary data, typically 24-h dietary records or recalls. The BEVQ-15, a beverage intake questionnaire, may be used as an alternative method to rapidly measure HBI scores. The objective of this cross-sectional investigation is to assess the comparative validity of the HBI-Q, a method to rapidly assess HBI scores via the BEVQ-15, as compared to the traditional method of deriving HBI scores via dietary recalls/records. Between 2012 and 2016, a cross-sectional sample of adults in southwest Virginia completed three 24-h dietary recalls (30–60 min administration and analysis time per recall) and the BEVQ-15 (3–4 min administration time). HBI scores were generated by both methods, and compared via paired-samples t-tests, correlations, and Bland–Altman analysis. Among 404 adults (mean age = 40 years), total mean HBI scores were 63.7 from the HBI-Q and 67.3 from the recalls (mean difference = 3.6 out of 100; r = 0.63; both p ≤ 0.001). Agreement between the two methods for total HBI scores via Bland–Altman plots was 92%. Using the HBI-Q to rapidly assess HBI scores in adults will increase the utility of the HBI by decreasing the time and resources required, thus allowing researchers and practitioners to provide targeted feedback for improvement.

The Ability of a Beverage Intake Questionnaire (BEVQ-15) to Rapidly Assess Healthy Beverage Index (HBI) Scores among a Diverse Adult Population

The Ability of a Beverage Intake Questionnaire (BEVQ-15) to Rapidly Assess Healthy Beverage Index (HBI) Scores among a Diverse Adult Population

Türkiye ve Rusya Arasındaki "Uçak Krizinin" Borsa İstanbul Gıda, İçecek ve Turizm Endeksleri Üzerine Etkisi

On November 24, 2015 at the Syrian border, boundary violations of Russian combat aircraft was shot down by Turkish warplanes that has caused serious problems in terms of bilateral relations. After the incident, Russia unilaterally froze all its military and economic cooperation and has decided to apply economic sanctions to Turkey. Many of the sectors, especially tourism and food sector, were directly affected by these sanctions decisions. In this context, the purpose of the study is to reveal how the companies of BIST Food, Beverage and BIST Tourism Indexes react to this circumstance by employing the event study methodology. According to the findings, it is observed that the companies that are listed in the BIST Food, Beverage Index generally are affected negatively. Also, it has been determined that companies in the BIST Tourism Index exhibit positive AR values in the post-event period. On the other hand, it was noted that the majority of CAAR values were negative. Moreover, although there are no obvious predictable trends, the presence of statistically significant results in the event window on some days has shown that the market is not efficient in a semi-strong form.

Modeling the Effect of Replacing Sugar-Sweetened Beverage Consumption with Water on Energy Intake, HBI Score, and Obesity Prevalence.

Sugar-sweetened beverages (SSB) contribute to excessive weight gain through added energy intake. Replacing SSB with water is one strategy that has shown promise in helping lower excessive energy intake. Using nationally representative data from US adults (n = 19,718) from NHANES 2007–2012 we examine the impact of replacing SSB with water on Healthy Beverage Index (HBI) scores and obesity prevalence. Replacing an 8-ounce serving of SSB with water lowered the percent of energy from beverages from 17% to 11% (among those consuming 1 serving SSB/day). Reductions in the percent energy from beverages were observed across all SSB consumption groups (1–2 servings/day and >2 servings/day). Among adults there was a 9% to 21% improvement in HBI score when one serving of water replaced one serving of SSB. Using previously published randomized controlled trials (RCT) and meta-analyses of measured weight loss we also predicted a reduction in the prevalence of obesity (observed: 35.2%; predicted 33.5%–34.9%, p < 0.05) and increase in the prevalence of normal weight (observed: 29.7%; high weight loss: 31.3%, p < 0.05). Our findings provide further epidemiologic evidence that water in the place of SSB can be used as a strategy to limit energy intake and help individuals meet beverage intake recommendations.

Changes in the Healthy Beverage Index in Response to an Intervention Targeting a Reduction in Sugar-Sweetened Beverage Consumption as Compared to an Intervention Targeting Improvements in Physical Activity: Results from the Talking Health Trial.

The recently developed Healthy Beverage Index (HBI) was designed to evaluate overall beverage intake quality (including total fluid consumption and beverage calories), yet no known intervention studies have assessed longitudinal changes to the HBI. The objective of this investigation was to assess changes in HBI scores in response to a sugar-sweetened beverage (SSB) reduction trial as compared to a physical activity comparison group. Participants were enrolled into a six-month, community-based, controlled behavioral trial and randomized into either a SSB reduction group (SIPsmartER) or a physical activity group (MoveMore). Correlations and multilevel mixed-effects linear regression with intention-to-treat analyses are presented. Total HBI score significantly increased for SIPsmartER (n = 149) (mean increase = 7.5 points (5.4, 9.7), p ≤ 0.001) and MoveMore (n = 143) (mean increase = 3.4 points (1.6, 5.2), p ≤ 0.001) participants, with a significant between group effect (p ≤ 0.05), over the six-month intervention. Other significant changes in HBI components for SIPsmartER included increased SSB and total beverage calorie scores, and decreased low-fat milk and diet soda scores. Changes in total HBI scores were significantly correlated with changes in total Healthy Eating Index-2010 scores (r = 0.15, p ≤ 0.01). Our findings suggest that individual HBI component scores, beyond the SSB component, are influenced by intervention strategies that primarily focus on SSB reduction.

The Healthy Beverage Index Is Associated with Reduced Cardiometabolic Risk in US Adults: A Preliminary Analysis

Background and objectiveBeverage recommendations exist, but few evaluate overall beverage intake quality. Our objective was to develop a scoring algorithm for assessing beverage intake quality among US adults (aged ≥19 years), and to examine the association between overall beverage quality and cardiometabolic risk. DesignWe developed a scoring algorithm, similar to the Healthy Eating Index-2010, using recommendations for total beverage energy, meeting fluid requirements, and consuming within recommended limits for beverage subgroups (eg, low-fat milk, fruit juice). Multiple scoring systems were evaluated. The final scoring system, which consisted of 10 components, was applied to the average of 2 days of 24-hour dietary intake data for adults (aged ≥19 years) from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES), 2005-2010. Statistical analyses performedPoisson regression models stratified by sex and body mass index multivariables were used to examine the cross-sectional association between the Healthy Beverage Index (HBI) score and cardiometabolic outcomes. ResultsThe 10-item index had a mean±standard deviation score of 63±16 from a possible 100 points. Each 10-point higher HBI score was associated with lower odds ratios for hypertension (men and women); high fasting insulin level, high fasting glucose level, and high low-density lipoprotein cholesterol level (women and overweight/obese men), low high-density lipoprotein cholesterol level (women), and high C-reactive protein level (men). ConclusionsWe found positive associations between higher HBI scores and more favorable lipid profiles; hypertension risk; and, among men, C-reactive protein levels. These preliminary results suggest that the HBI could be a valuable tool to evaluate overall beverage intake quality in adults. More research is needed to understand whether improvements in beverage quality and, thus, HBI score, are associated with beneficial changes in health.

SERMAYE YOĞUNLAŞMASININ FİRMA PERFORMANSI ÜZERİNE ETKİSİ: BİST GIDA ve İÇECEK ENDEKSİ UYGULAMASI

There have been various discussion on the issue of affects of ownership concentration on firm performance so far. In this perspective, the main objective of this research is to discover the relationship between ownership concentration and firm performance of companies listed in the BIST Food and Beverage Index. When the ROA and ROE were considered as performance criteria, it was found that there is negative and statistically significant realtionship between ownership concentration and firm performance. It should also be noted that although this negative relationship still exists for market performance indicator, Tobins‟ q, it is not statistically significant. According to outcomes, it can be claimed that ownership concentration effects firm performance negatively

Nutrition self‐efficacy assessment: development of a questionnaire and evaluation of reliability in African‐American and Latino children

We aimed to develop tools that could be reliably used to evaluate self-efficacy for consuming vegetables and low-sugar foods and beverages for African American and Latino children living in inner-city communities. A total of 112 children, aged 8-11years, identified by a parent as being either African-American or Latino, were recruited and administered questionnaires. Internal consistency, a measure of reliability, was assessed by calculating the Cronbach's alpha of test scores. Cronbach's alpha exceeded the threshold of acceptability of 0.70 for the Authors' Vegetables Self-Efficacy Index, and all three Low-Sugar Self-Efficacy Indices, including the Reference Index, the Authors' Low-Sugar Food and Beverage Index, and the Low-Sugar Beverages Index. We present internally consistent tools that could be reliably used to evaluate self-efficacy for consuming vegetables and low-sugar foods and beverages in 8-11-year-old African-American and Latino children from low socio-economic communities.

Economic Indicator Research Using Reuters: Analyzing Hospitality Trends

The possibility to predict economic peaks and downturns is always attractive to business people because of the opportunity to make wise decisions and rational investments. This article applies the concept of environmental scanning to determine those economic indices that are most relevant and important for managers to keep an eye on for proper business decisions in restaurants and hotels. Three initial indicators of the U.S. economy were determined for the analyses are gross domestic product, personal income, and unemployment rate. These indicators are used as dependent variables to be correlated to both the Dow Jones US Food and Beverage Index and the Dow Jones US Hotel Index. Furthering the notion of examining indicators, the study proceeds to examine the three initial indicators in relation to two corporations, Darden Restaurants and Marriott International. The study was conducted utilizing Reuters 3000Xtra. The results indicate the importance of developing strategic methods for forecasting the industry's paralleled relationship to the economic cyclical path.