Drinking Of Beverages Research Articles

Consumption of Sugar-Sweetened Beverages before 2 Years of Age and Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder

Introduction: This study examined the association between sugar-sweetened beverage consumption before the first 24 months of life and attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD). Methods: A population administrative cohort study was conducted in Korea (2008–2019) using linked national insurance data and a health screening survey. The cohort included 25,305 children in the exposed group with high sugar-sweetened beverage drinks (≥200 mL) and 339,931 in the reference groups (<200 mL) at 24 months of age. The primary outcome was the development of ADHD based on the International Classification of Disease (ICD) codes. Cox proportional model was used to identify the association between sugar-sweetened beverage consumption during early childhood and the later development of ADHD while controlling for multiple risk factors. Results: Over a mean follow-up period of 9.2 years, the incidence rates of ADHD were 29.6 and 23.8 per 10,000 person-years in the exposed and reference groups, respectively. Compared with the reference group, children consuming high-sugar drinks were at an increased risk of ADHD (adjusted hazard ratio 1.17, 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.08–1.27). These associations remained significant even after applying alternative ADHD definitions or adjusting for confounding variables. Conclusion: Children who consume sweetened beverages during early childhood are at increased risk of developing ADHD later in life.

Does inclusion of miracle fruit powder within a model beverage affect taste of solutions subsequently consumed?

AbstractMiraculin is a glycoprotein present in miracle fruit berries (Richadella dulcifica or Synsepalum dulcificum) known to have taste modifying properties: conversion of sour into sweet taste. So far, research has shown that the effects occur when consuming miracle fruit powder or miracle fruit berries prior to consumption of a sour drink or food product. However, limited research has examined the effects of miraculin consumed within a food or drink product and if there might be any taste‐modifying effects on other food and drinks consumed subsequently. This research looks at miraculin, from freeze‐dried miracle fruit powder, served within model soft drink formulations at concentrations ethically approved for consumption in soft drink beverages (50 and 80 ppm miracle fruit powder). Three experiments were carried out. The first investigated how long any taste‐modifying effects would last following consumption and whether the effects were dose‐dependent. Experiment 2 looked at the effect of repeated exposure on perception of sweet, sour, and bitter tastes, whilst experiment 3 explored whether the receptor binding of miraculin in miracle fruit powder would affect sweetness perception of other sweeteners. All results showed minimal effects of using freeze‐dried miracle fruit powder within a model beverage at the 50 and 80 ppm levels suggesting that future water‐based beverages produced containing low levels of miraculin protein will have little or no taste‐modifying effects on foods and beverages subsequently consumed.Practical ApplicationsMiraculin, derived from miracle fruit berries, acts as a taste modifier and can change food or drink from tasting sour to tasting sweet. This property is known to occur if either a fresh or freeze‐dried powder of miraculin is ingested before food or drink. Miraculin has potential as an ingredient in water‐based beverages to enhance sweetness, reduce the undesirable aftertaste associated with some high‐potency sweeteners, and to add mouthfeel. However, until now, it was unknown whether, by adding miraculin to a beverage at levels considered safe for human consumption, the taste of other foods consumed with or after the beverage would be affected. Here, we show that a low level of miraculin protein within a water‐based beverage has little to no taste‐modifying effects on products that are subsequently consumed. Our study therefore opens new avenues for using miraculin as a taste modifier.

Association between added sugar consumption in foods and beverages and body mass index among adolescents in university southern Thailand: a cross-sectional study.

Excessive consumption of added sugar is an essential contributing factor to weight gain in adolescence, leading to non-communicable diseases. The aim of this study was to evaluate the added sugar consumption in foods and beverages and determine the association between free sugar consumption and BMI status. This cross-sectional study was conducted among 280 adolescents in university (18-22 years) recruited from undergraduate students at different schools. The information was acquired using a 24-hour dietary recall questionnaire. Adjusted binary logistic regression analysis was used to assess the associations between added sugar consumption in foods and beverages and nutritional status. Half of the participants had a BMI status in the normal range (51.8%). A large percentage of adolescents had eaten staple food only two times and did not have breakfast (49%). Additionally, most of the student did not eat a snack or drink beverages (57.7%). Consumption of vegetables, fruit, meat, and milk was higher in obese subjects than other groups. The results showed that adolescents consumed more added sugar (79.2%) than is recommended by the WHO. The majority of added sugar consumption were beverages (46.5%). The findings revealed that added sugar consumption among undergraduate students did not differ significantly depending on BMI. This study indicated that added sugar consumption in university students exceeded the WHO recommendation, although there was no discernible difference in BMI status. The results would be useful for further study and may help dietitians provide appropriate nutrition education or campaigns to reduce added sugar consumption in Thai and Southeast Asia university students.

The association between nicotine stomatitis and waterpipe smoking.

Waterpipe smoking (WPS) is gaining popularity worldwide, especially in the Middle East, and significantly affects oral health. Nicotine stomatitis (NS) is an inflammatory response of the palate to the heat and chemical irritation caused by tobacco. The high temperatures of hot beverages have been found to have a synergistic effect. This study investigated the association of NS among waterpipe smokers and hot beverage drinkers. This cross-sectional study was conducted in several public locations in Kuwait. Demographic data, smoking habits, and hot beverage intake were recorded using questionnaires. An oral examination was performed with informed consent, and the occurrence of NS was recorded. Data were analyzed using IBM SPSS statistics version 28.0 (IBM Inc., Chicago, IL, USA). Of the 211 participants, 55 subjects (26.1%) presented with NS. All the patients with NS drank hot beverages, while 37 (67.3%) patients with NS were waterpipe smokers and hot beverage drinkers. Smokers with NS smoked significantly more tobacco heads (Z= -2.606; p=0.009) and for more hours per day (Z= -2.222; p=0.026). This study explored the association between WPS and NS in Kuwait. Waterpipe smokers and males were more likely to present with NS. Also, the number of tobacco heads and the number of hours of WPS were found to correlate with the presence of lesions. Effective strategies to reduce WPS need to be implemented. Further studies are recommended to investigate the cause-andeffect relationships.

The effect of local millet drink (Kunu) on the testis and epididymis of adult male wistar rats

Background: Kunu is a local beverage drink that finds its origin in the northern part of Nigeria. This study was aimed at determining the effect of the liquid drink on the epididymis, testes, sperm parameters, and hormonal assay. Methods: A total of sixteen rats were used for this study and the animals were separated into four groups of four rats each (A-D). The animals were then sacrificed and the testes and epididymis were harvested and fixed in 10% formal saline. Group A was fed only rat feed and water. Groups B, C, and D were fed 0.2 ml, 0.9 ml, and 2.5 ml of Kunu respectively orally using a metal cannula for 21 days. Findings: There was a significant increase (P&lt;0.05) in the relative testicular weights of groups B, C, and D as compared with those of group A. There was a significant decrease (P&lt;0.05) in sperm count in groups B, C, and D when compared to group A. There was an insignificant increase (P&gt;0.05) in FSH in groups B, C, and D when compared to group A. The histopathological findings revealed that the group B rats of 0.2ml and group C rats of 0.9ml showed epididymal tissue with moderate accumulation of spermatozoa and testicular tubules with moderately enhanced spermatogenesis. The group D rats showed well-accumulated spermatozoa in the epididymal lumen and improved spermatogenesis in the testis as did group A. Conclusion: Kunu beverage may not be used as a natural male fertility booster since it does little to improve sperm count, motility, morphology, pH, and hormonal levels of FSH and testosterone.

Clinical Profile, Treatment Strategies, and Outcomes of Filipino Adults with Brugada Pattern Electrocardiogram and Syndrome in a Tertiary Care Hospital in Manila, Philippines

BACKGROUND: Brugada syndrome is an inheritable syndrome that carries an increased risk of sudden cardiac death. This study aims to delineate the natural history, clinical and electrophysiologic profile, treatment strategies, and outcomes of patients with Brugada pattern electrocardiogram (ECG) and Brugada syndrome in a tertiary care hospital in the Philippines. METHODOLOGY: This is a retrospective observational study of patients diagnosed with Brugada pattern ECG and Brugada syndrome admitted in a single center from 2004 to 2019. RESULTS: Twenty-three patients were included in the study. All patients were male. In both groups, the majority were nonsmokers (n = 13) and nonalcoholic beverage drinker (n = 14). In patients with Brugada pattern ECG, all presented as an incidental finding (n = 10; P &lt; 0.001), whereas in Brugada syndrome, six patients presented with out-of-hospital resuscitated cardiac arrest (46.15%, P = 0.019). There were only three patients with a family history of sudden cardiac death. All patients had normal ejection fraction and sinus rhythm. Twenty-one patients had ST elevation (91.30%). Fourteen patients had spontaneous type 1 Brugada pattern ECG, whereas the rest were inducible to type 1 after flecainide test. Seven patients underwent implantable cardioverter-defibrillator implantation before discharge; one patient died at the time of diagnosis, and one had recurrent admission for arrhythmia. No single patient received medical management. CONCLUSION: Clinical profile, ECG findings, and outcomes were not significantly different between the two groups of patients except for the clinical presentation upon diagnosis. Treatment strategies were guideline-directed. KEYWORDS: Brugada pattern ECG, Brugada syndrome

Beverage Drinking and Snacks Eating Habits of UG &amp; PG Students from Pune City

Beverage Drinking and Snacks Eating Habits of UG &amp; PG Students from Pune City

Adaptation to sorbic acid in low sugar promotes resistance of yeast to the preservative

The weak acid sorbic acid is a common preservative used in soft drink beverages to control microbial spoilage. Consumers and industry are increasingly transitioning to low-sugar food formulations, but potential impacts of reduced sugar on sorbic acid efficacy are barely characterised. In this study, we report enhanced sorbic acid resistance of yeast in low-glucose conditions. We had anticipated that low glucose would induce respiratory metabolism, which was shown previously to be targeted by sorbic acid. However, a shift from respiratory to fermentative metabolism upon sorbic acid exposure of Saccharomyces cerevisiae was correlated with relative resistance to sorbic acid in low glucose. Fermentation-negative yeast species did not show the low-glucose resistance phenotype. Phenotypes observed for certain yeast deletion strains suggested roles for glucose signalling and repression pathways in the sorbic acid resistance at low glucose. This low-glucose induced sorbic acid resistance was reversed by supplementing yeast cultures with succinic acid, a metabolic intermediate of respiratory metabolism (and a food-safe additive) that promoted respiration. The results indicate that metabolic adaptation of yeast can promote sorbic acid resistance at low glucose, a consideration for the preservation of foodstuffs as both food producers and consumers move towards a reduced sugar landscape.

Acute ischemic stroke in a caucasian male with long chiari network, interatrial septal aneurysm and patent foramen ovale: A case report

A 49-year-old Caucasian male, left-handed, with no known comorbidities, working as a middle school teacher, presented to the emergency room with a sudden-onset left hand weakness described as difficulty gripping with no other associated symptoms. A non-smoker, non-alcoholic beverage drinker, with no illicit drug use. There was no significant history of any neurological disease in the family background but his father has a history of interatrial septal aneurysm. Physical, cardiologic and neurologic examination at the emergency department were unremarkable aside from the weakness on his left hand and a mild sensory deficit on the left upper extremity. A cranial magnetic resonance imaging with magnetic resonance angiography was done which showed a hyperacute infarct in the right frontal lobe, with paucity of vessels and attenuation of flow-related signals in the M4 perforators of the right middle cerebral artery and contour irregularities along the intradural segment of the right vertebral artery relating to atherosclerotic changes (Figure 1). Patient was given a recombinant tissue plasminogen activator since he came in at the 3rd hour post-ictus. Laboratory tests done at the emergency department showed normal complete blood count, routine blood chemistry, A further work-up was done which showed a slightly elevated LDL on Lipid profile, and other parameters within normal limit.

SAT160 Alcoholic Ketoacidosis : An Endocrine Emergency

Abstract Disclosure: L.E. Tiu: None. T.D. Crisostomo: None. Background: Alcoholic Ketoacidosis is a complex metabolic condition frequently confused with Diabetic Ketoacidosis. Currently, there remains an undefined consensus guideline in the diagnosis and management of this disorder that leads to unreported cases. Clinical Case: A 47-year-old male presented with 2-day history of poor dietary intake due to abdominal pain and vomiting after an alcoholic binge drinking. He is a chronic alcoholic beverage drinker (2 liters of beer per day for 10 years). He has family history of Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus but has no known co-morbidities. Upon admission, vital signs were normal, but he was drowsy and incoherent with signs of dehydration and epigastric tenderness. Initial capillary blood glucose was 52 mg/dL. D50W 50ml intravenously was given with repeat CBG of 222 mg/dL. Arterial blood gas (ABG) showed high anion gap metabolic acidosis (pH 7.0 and anion gap of 42) with undetectable bicarbonate and elevated lactate at 17mmol/L. Serum ketones were elevated at 6mmol/L but Hba1c was normal at 4.6 %. Thus, Alcoholic Ketoacidosis was highly considered. Intravenous hydration with saline solution was instituted then shifted to D10W 125mL/hour to allow insulin infusion therapy at initial rate of 2units/hour. Sodium bicarbonate 100 mEqs was given intravenously with recovery of sensorium thereafter. Oral Vitamin B supplement was started, and two doses of Thiamine 100 mg/IV were given. Other tests showed hyperkalemia (5.28meq/L), hypochloridemia (89.7meq/L), hyperuricemia (12.74mg/dL), and hyperphosphatemia (5.8mg/dL). Serial monitoring and correction of electrolytes were done. Moreover, management integrated simultaneous referrals to other subspecialties to rule out other causes of encephalopathy, to evaluate and manage Hypertriglyceridemic Pancreatitis and Alcoholic Liver Disease, and to facilitate nutritional, psychosocial support and rehabilitation. On 2nd hour, repeat ABG showed improvement of pH to 7.3 and HCO3 to 9.80mmol/L. Lactate decreased to 12.70mmol/L. On the 17th hour, ABG showed metabolic alkalosis with resolution of ketosis hence insulin was discontinued. CBG levels for the next 24-48 hours were within normal limits. Oral feeding was supplemented with parenteral nutrition due to decreased appetite. On 48th hour, he displayed combative behavior with visual hallucinations, but there was no consent for psychiatric referral. On 72nd hour, there was spontaneous marked improvement in his behavior. He was discharged clinically stable. Conclusion: Early recognition of Alcoholic Ketoacidosis is imperative. This is an unrecognized endocrine emergency that portends good outcome with timely diagnosis and management. Treatment includes 1. adequate fluid resuscitation 2. thiamine 3. judicious use of insulin and bicarbonate 4. correction of electrolytes 5. multidisciplinary team management. Presentation: Saturday, June 17, 2023

Clinical profile of patients with diabetic ketoacidosis and hyperglycemic hyperosmolar syndrome in Japan: a multicenter retrospective cohort study.

Diabetic ketoacidosis (DKA) and hyperglycemic hyperosmolar syndrome (HHS) are life-threatening complications of diabetes mellitus. Their clinical profiles have not been fully investigated. A multicenter retrospective cohort study was conducted in 21 acute care hospitals in Japan. Patients included were adults aged 18 or older who had been hospitalized from January 1, 2012, to December 31, 2016 due to DKA or HHS. The data were extracted from patient medical records. A four-group comparison (mild DKA, moderate DKA, severe DKA, and HHS) was performed to evaluate outcomes. A total of 771 patients including 545 patients with DKA and 226 patients with HHS were identified during the study period. The major precipitating factors of disease episodes were poor medication compliance, infectious diseases, and excessive drinking of sugar-sweetened beverages. The median hospital stay was 16days [IQR 10-26days]. The intensive care unit (ICU) admission rate was 44.4% (mean) and the rate at each hospital ranged from 0 to 100%. The in-hospital mortality rate was 2.8% in patients with DKA and 7.1% in the HHS group. No significant difference in mortality was seen among the three DKA groups. The mortality rate of patients with DKA in Japan is similar to other studies, while that of HHS was lower. The ICU admission rate varied among institutions. There was no significant association between the severity of DKA and mortality in the study population. This study is registered in the UMIN clinical Trial Registration System (UMIN000025393, Registered 23th December 2016).

Phytonutritional and Sensorial Assessment of a Novel Functional Beverage Formulated from an Underutilized Fruit of Carissa spinarum L.

Carissa spinarum L. belongs to the family Apocynaceae. It is a native shrub of Asia, locally known as Karonda or Karanda, and is an underutilized crop throughout the Asian region. The Karonda fruit is a rich source of vitamin C, minerals, phenolics, antioxidants, flavonoids, and other biofunctional compounds. The lack of awareness and knowledge among the community results in the wastage of fruits. Therefore, the present research was designed to formulate an easy-to-prepare beverage drink using C. spinarum fruit to evaluate the nutritional potential of the undervalued Karonda fruit. A beverage drink was formulated with three pulp concentrations: 20, 30, and 40%, each having 12, 14, and 16 °Brix, respectively. A total of nine treatments were prepared and stored for up to 10 weeks in refrigerated storage. The physicochemical parameters, such as pH, titratable acidity, vitamin C, total sugars, anthocyanin, total phenolics, flavonoids, and antioxidants, were measured at two-week intervals from 0 to 10 weeks. Additionally, a sensory assessment of the beverage was conducted. A decreasing trend in titratable acidity was exhibited among all the treatments (from treatment 1 to treatment 9), with the values decreasing from 0.815 to 0.556 as the fruit concentration increased. On the other hand, an increasing trend was observed for pH (from 3.04 to 3.37), vitamin C (from 22.2 to 31.48), reducing and non-reducing sugars, anthocyanin (from 31.95 to 110), total phenolics (from 19.86 to 32.16), flavonoids (from 0.64 to 0.77), and antioxidants (from 48.8 to 67.6) from treatment 1 to treatment 9, respectively. The sensory studies of the beverage formulations revealed that treatment 9, which consisted of a 40% fruit base and 16 °Brix, was the most acceptable for further development of the beverage at a commercial scale. This study represents a novel scientific contribution toward the utilization of the undervalued fruit of C. spinarum L. for the development of a beverage product. Ultimately, it has the potential to address food insecurity issues worldwide while offering its associated health benefits.

Impact renaming non-alcoholic fatty liver disease to metabolic associated fatty liver disease in prevalence, characteristics and risk factors.

Recently, a group of hepatologists proposed to rename non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) as metabolic associated fatty liver disease (MAFLD) with modified diagnostic criteria. It is important to note, however, that there are some differences between the diagnostic criteria used for NAFLD and MAFLD. Since the research on MAFLD is just beginning, however, evidence on its incidence and prevalence in the general population and in specific subpopulations remains limited. To assess epidemiology of fatty liver in new definition and compare MAFLD with NAFLD. Exploring risk factors of MAFLD individuals. This was a retrospective, cross-sectional study. A total of 85242 adults were selected from the Chinese health management database in 2017-2022. The data of general information, laboratory indicators, lifestyle management and psychological status were obtained. MAFLD was diagnosed as ultrasound diagnosis of fatty liver and at least one between these three conditions: Overweight/obesity, type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) or metabolic dysregulation. Metabolic factors were not considered in NAFLD diagnosis standard. The clinical characteristics of MAFLD and NAFLD were analysed using descriptive statistics. Continuous variables normally distributed were expressed as means ± SD. Categorical variables were expressed as frequencies and proportions. Binary logistic regression was used to determine risk factors of the MAFLD. The prevalence of MAFLD and NAFLD was 40.5% and 31.0%, respectively. The MAFLD or NAFLD population is more likely to be older (M: 47.19 ± 10.82 vs 43.43 ± 11.96; N: 47.72 ± 11.17 vs 43.71 ± 11.66), male (M: 77.21% vs 44.43%; N: 67.90% vs 53.12%) and high body mass index (M: 26.79 ± 2.69 vs 22.44 ± 2.48; N: 26.29 ± 2.84 vs 23.29 ± 3.12) than the non-MAFLD or non-MAFLD population. In multivariate analysis, general information (e.g., ≥ 2 metabolic abnormalities OR = 3.38, (95%CI: 2.99-3.81), P < 0.001; diastolic blood pressure OR = 1.01, (95%CI: 1.00-1.01), P = 0.002), laboratory results [e.g.,total bilirubin (TBIL) OR = 0.98, (95%CI: 0.98-0.99), P < 0.001; serum uric acid(SUA) OR = 1.01, (95%CI: 1.01-1.01), P < 0.001], and lifestyle factors [e.g., drink beverage OR = 0.32, (95%CI: 0.17-0.63), P = 0.001] were influence factors for MAFLD. Our study results offer new insight into potential risk factors associated with fatty liver disease, including SUA, TBIL and creatinine, all of which are related to chronic renal disease (CKD). MAFLD is more prevalent than NAFLD, with two-fifths of individuals meeting the diagnosis criteria. MAFLD and NAFLD populations have different clinical characteristics. CKD may be related with MAFLD.

The influence of gender, media, and internet usage on adolescents' fast food perception and fluid intake

BackgroundUnderstanding the factors that influence adolescent’s perception of fast food and their fluid consumption is crucial for designing effective nutrition education programs tailored to this population. This study aimed to evaluate the associations of sex and the use of media and the internet with adolescents' perception of fast foods and the amount of fluid consumption.MethodsA cross-sectional survey was conducted on school adolescents between the ages of 15 and 18 years in Kuwait, using a multistage stratified random sampling method (N = 706 adolescents; 343 boys and 363 girls). A pre-tested and specifically designed self-report questionnaire covering several measures such as: (a) types of foods that are considered fast foods; and (b) participant’s fluid consumption. Body weight and height were measured using calibrated medical scales. Body mass index (BMI) was computed. The adolescents were stratified by sex into two groups: boys and girls, for the purpose of analysis.ResultsSeven out of 14 food choices showed significant sex differences (p values ranged from 0.016 to < 0.001) in the adolescents’ responses to whether they perceived such food choice as fast food or not. Although differences were found between sexes, the majority of the listed fast foods were correctly recognized as fast foods by the adolescents. In addition, there were significant differences between males and females in the amount of daily drinks (ml/week) consumed from full fat milk (males = l197.1 ± 27,652.1 and females = 1662.8 ± 2221, p = 0.013), sugar-sweetened beverage (males = 2350.8 ± 3324.3 and females = 3088.9 ± 3701.1, p = 0.004), and energy drinks (males = 429.5 ± 1117.2 and females = 267.6 ± 733.8, p = 0.037). Compared to adolescents who seldom or do not watch TV or use the internet, those who engage in these sedentary activities are less likely to classify pizza (aOR (95% CI) = 0.660 (0.440–0.990), p = 0.045), grilled meat (aOR (95% CI) = 0.674 (0.477–0.954), p = 0.026), fried egg sandwiches (aOR (95% CI) = 0.617 (0.425–0.894–0.189), p = 0.011), and rice (aOR (95% CI) = 0.598(0.409–0.875), p = 0.008) as fast foods.ConclusionThe influence of TV and internet use on adolescent’s ability to accurately identify fast foods has been observed. Findings indicate the need for increased fast food nutrition education programs that are tailored towards adolescents. The study recommends further research to enhance consumer awareness of foods and drinks among adolescents in the State of Kuwait.

Disposable Paper-Based Miniaturized Device for Sensing of Phthalates

One of the most frequent plasticizers that can cause endocrine disruption is phthalates. The phthalates are utilized in the production of consumer plastic items, leading to increase the risk of exposure of the items stored in water bottles, beverage drinks and food. Further, bioaccumulation and harmful consequences amongst animal life is also prevalent. Therefore, detection of phthalates over a period of time is crucial in food safety and quality. The present work aims to develop a point-of-care, screen-printed, disposable paper device, for detection of phthalates. The device was integrated with buckypaper for efficient detection of phthalates. Primarily, phthalates response was analyzed in the standard three-electrode system where the buckypaper was used as a working electrode. Further, a paper device was fabricated using screen-printing approach and the device was tested for phthalates sensing. The traditional approach and the screen-printed device exhibited a very similar electrocatalytic oxidation of phthalates at E = -0.25 V using the miniaturized portable Potentiostat. Hence, can be used for point-of-care analysis. Subsequently, various electrochemical parameters were also examined. The device provided a linear range of 70 ppm to 15 ppm with a detection limit of 12.64 ppm and quantification limit as 42.03 ppm. Finally, the device was validated for repeatability and stability. As the analysis for real time sensing, local tap water was used with the standard addition method and the recovery percentages were remarkable. Based on the promising results and benchmarked form-factor, this device has the potential to be used as point-of-care testing platform.

Beverage-specific consumption trends: A cross-country, cross-sectional comparison.

The price of alcoholic beverages can vary for a range of reasons, including tax. Risky drinkers purchase more low-cost alcoholic drinks than moderate drinkers, contributing to beverage-specific risks for that category. The study aimed to examine the proportion of total alcohol consumption comprised by each beverage type and their correlates. Australian and New Zealand populations were compared, where drinking cultures are similar, but taxation of alcohol differs. Data was taken from the International Alcohol Control study in Australia (N=1580) and New Zealand (N =1979), a cross national survey that asks questions on beverage specific alcohol consumption at a range of different locations. Tax rates were obtained from previous analyses run on the dataset. Ready to Drink (pre-mixed) beverages are more popular in New Zealand and the proportion of these drinks consumed out of total alcohol consumption by risky drinkers was correspondingly higher there. Conversely, the proportion of wine consumed by risky drinkers was higher in Australia. The consumption of spirits and beer by risky drinkers was similar in both countries. Differences found for the proportion of beverages consumed by risky drinkers between the countries are fairly well aligned with differences in the taxation of each drink type. Future adaptations in taxation systems should consider the impact of taxes on preferential beverage choice and associated harms.

Profile of Patients with Oral Cavity Cancer Seen at the Department of Ear Nose Throat – Head and Neck Surgery of the Bicol Medical Center

ABSTRACT&#x0D; Objective: To determine the profile of patients with oral cavity cancer seen at the Ear, Nose and Throat – Head and Neck Surgery (ENT-HNS) Department of the Bicol Medical Center from January 2018 to December 2020.Methods: Design: Retrospective review of records Setting: Tertiary Government Training Hospital Participants: Medical records of patients with oral cavity lesions with malignant biopsy results seen at the Bicol Medical Center Department of ENT-HNS from January 2018 to December 2020.Results: Records of 42 patients were included, 30 (71%) male; 12 (29%) female with the mean age of 62 ± 10.02 (range 34 to 80 years old). Squamous cell carcinoma was the most common histopathologic diagnosis (38/42; 91%), mostly affecting the anterior tongue (16/42; 38%) and buccal regions (14/42; 33%). Most tumors were in advanced stages: 25/42 (59%) in stage IVA; 7 (17%) in stage IVB. A total of 61% (17) of 28 oral cavity cancer patients with recorded risk factors practiced a combination of two or three high risk habits (betel nut chewing, tobacco smoking, alcoholic beverage intake) and a third practiced all three (10/28; 36%).Conclusion: The profile of oral cavity cancer patients in our study is different from the reported profiles in Asia and European and US counterparts. Our profile patient is a married male farmer in the 7th decade of life with poor dental hygiene and advanced stage IV squamous cell carcinoma of the tongue and buccal region, and combined habits of regular alcoholic beverage drinking, chronic tobacco smoking, and/or betel nut chewing, who lives in coastal or mountainous communities where access to health care may be limited.

Gender-Specific Clustering of Lifestyle Behaviors and Its Impacts on Cardiovascular Health.

Unhealthy lifestyle behaviors associated with cardiovascular risk manifest a clustering pattern. Our aim was to identify behavioral clusters by using 5 unhealthy lifestyle behaviors among the Korean population and examine the impacts of identified behavioral clusters on cardiovascular health (CVH). A cross-sectional study was conducted using data from the sixth Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey. The participants were 7898, aged 19 to 64 years. The cluster analysis was performed using the behaviors of current smoking, binge drinking, physical inactivity, insufficient fruit intake, and sugar-sweetened beverage drinking. Cardiovascular health was defined as a composite modified z score calculated using biophysical factors. Men manifested 4 clusters (ie, risky binge drinkers, dominant smokers, dominant sugar-sweetened beverage drinkers, and nonsubstance/low-fruit eaters) characterized predominantly by substance use; women had 4 clusters (ie, substance users, physically inactive/low-fruit eaters, physically inactive/fruit eaters, and active adherers) characterized predominantly by physical inactivity. Among men, the clusters of dominant smokers and risky binge drinkers had significantly lower CVH scores than those with poor eating behaviors. Among women, the clusters of substance users and physically inactive/low-fruit eaters had significantly lower CVH scores than the active adherers. All the clusters in men had lower CVH scores than the worst cluster in women. There was a gender difference in the clustering pattern. The clusters with smoking and binge drinking in men and women were associated with negative impacts on CVH. Healthcare professionals should pay attention to the clustering pattern to design an efficient lifestyle intervention for cardiovascular disease prevention.

Correction to: Ultra-Processed Food Consumption is Associated with Alcoholic Beverage Drinking, Tobacco Smoking, and Illicit Drug Use in Adolescents: A Nationwide Population-Based Study

Correction to: Ultra-Processed Food Consumption is Associated with Alcoholic Beverage Drinking, Tobacco Smoking, and Illicit Drug Use in Adolescents: A Nationwide Population-Based Study

Ultra-Processed Food Consumption is Associated with Alcoholic Beverage Drinking, Tobacco Smoking, and Illicit Drug Use in Adolescents: A Nationwide Population-Based Study

Abstract Background Although evidence suggests that ultra-processed food (UPF) consumption may trigger addictive behaviors, the association between UPF intake and psychoactive substances remains unclear among adolescents, a group especially vulnerable to addiction and its potentially harmful effects on health. Objective To analyze the association between the consumption of UPF and alcohol, tobacco, and illicit drugs in adolescent students. Method This cross-sectional study analyzed data from the National School-Based Health Survey (PeNSE 2019), which collected information from a representative population-based sample of students aged 13–17 years in Brazil. UPF consumption was self-reported in a 24-h recall. Lifetime and use of alcohol, tobacco, and illicit drugs in the last month were also reported. Multinomial logistic regression models estimated the relative risk ratios (RRR) (95% confidence intervals – CI) because the outcome variables comprised four categories representing varying frequencies of use of psychoactive substances. Results The mean ± standard error number of different UPF consumed among the 95,074 adolescents included (52.3% girls) was 4.37 ± 0.02. The results from adjusted models revealed that, compared to those who reported low UPF consumption (1st tertile), those who consumed more UPF (3rd tertile) were more likely to report frequent (≥ 3 days in the last month) drinking of alcoholic beverages (RRR = 2.19; 95% CI: 1.87, 2.56), illicit drugs (RRR = 2.22; 95% CI: 1.87, 2.85) and occasional (one or two days in the last month) smoking (RRR = 1.30; 95% CI: 1.05, 1.60). Conclusions UPF consumption was associated with alcohol, tobacco, and illicit drug use in a national sample of Brazilian adolescents.