Good Zone Of Inhibition Research Articles

2-Ferrocene-4-amine-1H-benzo[d]imidazole and their derivatives: Synthesis, biological and docking study

An organometallic series based on 2-ferrocene-4-amine-1H-benzo[d]imidazole derivative has been synthesized and characterized through FTIR, H/CNMR, and LCMS. Their antimicrobial activity was assessed by testing them against B. subtills, Staphylococcus aureus, E. faecalis, S. marcescens, E. coli, K. pneumoniae, C. albicans, A. niger, Mucor sp. where they showed good zone of inhibition (ZOI) as compared to standards. The cytotoxicity of synthesized compounds was tested against Hela (cervical) and MCF-7 (breast) cancer cell lines where compound 5a and 5b displayed equivalent potency to the standard while 5e demonstrated highest cytotoxicity against both cell lines. Their comparative docking analysis with DNA suggested that docking score of 5e was −7.4 kcal/mol versus −6 kcal/mol of ethidium bromide, indicating that our designed compound acts via DNA intercalation.

Development and Evaluation of Voriconazole Loaded Invasomes Gel for Enhanced Antifungal Activity.

Although it has limited solubility and poor permeability to the skin, voriconazole (VRC) is a viable choice for the topical treatment of fungal infections. Owing to these constraints, treating the inflection requires several injections over an extended period. The goal of this work was to produce a VRC invasome gel with improved topical antifungal activity. The Box-Behnken design (BBD) program was utilized to optimize the IVS after it was created using the thin-film hydration process. The optimized invasome formulation through BBD has 159.9 nm of vesicle size, 68.58% of entrapment efficiency, and 23.5 mV of zeta potential. The spherical shape of the vesicle was revealed using scanning microscopy. According to FTIR spectra, the medication and polymers do not interact. The optimized invasomal VRC gel exhibited an optimum of 345 to 589 cp. Ex-vivo permeation studies of IG4 exhibited a higher flux of 0.168 as compared to pure voriconazole. An antimicrobial study was accepted to check the antimicrobial efficiency of voriconazole gel (IG4). The study confirmed a good zone of inhibition of the fungus infection (C. albicans). The voriconazole invasome’s potential diffusion and antibacterial efficacy are demonstrated here. Invasomal gel was found to be an effective carrier and a desirable strategy for improving the topical distribution of VRC to treat fungal infections.

Facile synthesis of nickel doped ZnO and CeO2 nanocomposite for efficient photocatalytic dye degradation, catalytic reduction and antimicrobial studies

The current research work reports on binary Nickel oxide-Zinc oxide (NiO-ZnO) and Nickel oxide-Cerium oxide (NiO-CeO2) nanocomposites synthesis by facile single step in-situ thermal decomposition method and its applications. The structural and morphological studies were examined using various characterization techniques like IR, UV-DRS, XRD and SEM with EDAX studies. The IR bands at 545-533 cm−1 corresponds to M-O stretching vibration. The XRD studies confirms the structural pattern of NiO-ZnO and NiO-CeO2 nanocomposites. SEM with EDAX results reveal the structure, composition and purity of synthesized nanocomposites. The nanocomposites were employed as photocatalyst for degradation of methylene blue and methyl orange dyes and as a catalyst toward 4-nitrophenol reduction. Antibacterial studies against E. coli (Gram-negative) and S. aureus (Gram-positive) bacterial pathogens were carried out using the nanocomposites. The outcomes show 97% efficiency in forty minutes for catalysis and 120 min for dye degradation and a better zone of inhibition in antibacterial studies for NiO-ZnO nanocomposite. The comparative result for both the nanocomposites discloses that the photocatalytic degradation, catalytic and antimicrobial efficiency of NiO-ZnO nanocomposite is more efficient than NiO-CeO2 nanocomposite. The results reveal the outstanding catalytic and dye degradation and antibacterial activity of NiO-ZnO than NiO-CeO2.

Synthesis of citral-tryptamine fused selenium nanospheres (CT@SeNP's) and exploration of their anticancer, antibacterial, and electrochemical sensor applications

A broad spectrum of antibiotics with multiple mechanisms of action is urgently required to combat the growing public health threat posed by drug-resistant pathogenic microorganisms. Biomedical researchers have concentrated on creating novel antibacterial and anticancer therapies due to the limited availability of conventional antibacterial and anticancer medications. In this study citral-tryptamine molecule was synthesized and characterized using 1HNMR , 13CNMR , LCMS and FT-IR spectral techniques and various biological properties of synthesized molecules were investigated using several in silico approaches such as molecular docking, ADME, PASS analysis and bioactive score. Using citral-tryptamine molecule, selenium nanoparticles (CT@SeNP's) were synthesized and characterized using different spectral and imaging techniques such as UV–Visible spectra, SEM, FTIR, EDX, XRD and DLS. EDX and mapping were used to investigate the relevant atoms and their distribution. Three significant signals from the EDX corresponding to C atom (15.4 %), along with signals from the Se atom (80.9 %) and the N atom (3.7 %). CT@SeNP's showed excellent antibacterial property against MRSA. The minimum inhibitory concentration of CT@SeNP's was found to be 20±0.36 mm with a good zone of inhibition in a dose dependent manner. CT@SeNP's was treated with both normal and cervical cancer cell lines such as SiHa to investigate the dose optimization and cytotoxicity by MTT assay. The nanoparticle showed an IC50 value is 0.68 µM and the data strongly suggested that CT@SeNP's could have a high potential in future medication development against MRSA and cervical cancer cells. The proper development and manufacturing of electrocatalytic nanomaterials are essential for enhancing the performance of non-enzymatic electrochemical sensors. The electrochemical sensing of H2O2 was enhanced by nanocomposite CT@SeNPs, which have a low detection limit of 60.96 nM and can detect H2O2 in a wide range of concentrations, from 25 µM to 250 µM. Thus, an efficient sensing platform for non-enzymatic H2O2 detection was discovered by this investigation.

Sensing, detoxification and bactericidal applications of nitrogen-doped carbon dots

Here, a one-pot hydrothermal synthesis technique was used to create nitrogen-doped carbon dots (N-CDs). Their structural and optical properties were assessed using XPS, XRD, Raman, UV–Vis, and fluorescence spectrophotometer. The N-CDs demonstrated encouraging emission quenching towards p-NP (p-Nitrophenol) and developed a sensing approach between 0.25 and 125 μM concentrations, from which a linear equation with a 20 nM detection limit was generated. In comparison to river and circulating water samples, the practicality demonstrated positive recovery rates together with impressive accuracy and precision. Additionally, the multi-functionality of N-CDs was investigated further in the catalytic reduction of methyl orange (MO) dye. With a good regression coefficient(0.9904) (R2) and rate constant (Kcat) (0.0208 min−1), N-CDs were able to reduce the azo groups in 8 min completely. Additionally, the bactericidal efficiency of N-CDs against gram-positive (Staphylococcus aureus, Listeria monocytogenes) and gram-negative (Escherichia coli, Salmonella enterica) bacteria was encouraging. The well-diffusion method demonstrated a good zone of inhibition, and the microdilution method demonstrated a promising minimum bactericidal concentration (MBC) of 470–940 μg/mL and minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) of 240–470 μg/mL. The suggested fluorescent material may prove useful in the future for creating a fluorescence sensor, catalysts to combat water pollution, and antibacterial sprays to combat dangerous microorganisms.

Synthesis, characterization of Schiff base metal complexes with 1, 3 propanediamine as secondary chelates and their DNA binding, DNA cleavage, cytotoxicity, antioxidant and activities

A series of Cu(II), Co(II), Ni(II), and Zn(II) complexes were synthesised from ternary Schiff base ligand (ts) and 1,3-propanediamine (pda). These complexes were characterised using analytical and spectroscopic techniques. All these metal complexes have an octahedral geometry, which is supported by spectro-analytical experimental data. The fabricated Schiff base coordinates with the metal via imine nitrogen, a phenolic oxygen atom, and carboxylate anion as a monobasic tridentate. Thermal properties were also investigated. Antimicrobial studies were carried out against fungi and pathogenic (bacterial) organisms and a good zone of inhibition was observed irrespective of complexes. Free radical scavenging assays were performed by DPPH and H2O2 methods. The results of these two studies revealed that the Cu(II) and Zn(II) complexes were more active. The binding mode of calf thymus (Ct-DNA) to the metal complexes was analysed by the electronic absorption spectroscopy and viscosity measurement study. The findings revealed that the complex bound with DNA via a groove with electrostatic interactionand the copper complex showed a higher binding constant value. Cytotoxicity of the Schiff base and its complexes were evaluated with the breast cancer (MCF-7) cell line and all complexes exhibited moderate toxicity.

Pistacia terebinthus MEYVESİ: GIDA BOZULMASINI ÖNLEMEK İÇİN BİR ALTERNATİF

The aim of this work was to investigate the usage possibilities of P. terebinthus fruit, which has a limited usage area, in the food industry. Antimicrobial activity of hexane extract obtained from P. terebinthus fruits from Adıyaman (Turkey) was determined by disc diffusion and micro-dilution assays against test microorganisms. In addition, the antibacterial activity of the extract on Escherichia coli O157:H7, one of the most important food-borne pathogens, was determined by viable cell count using a macro-dilution assay. The potential for use of the extract with probiotic candidate lactic acid bacteria (LAB) strains was also investigated. The hexane extract presented antimicrobial activity against all the tested microorganisms, with good inhibition zone diameters between 10.51 mm and 18.02 mm. MIC and MFC or MBC values of P. terebinthus fruit extract were determined as 5-80 µg/µL against all tested microorganisms. The lowest MIC and MBC values (5 µg/µL) of the extract were obtained against E. coli O157:H7. Macro-dilution assay results indicated that the P. terebinthus extract at various concentrations (5-10-20 mg/mL) inhibited the growth of E. coli O157:H7 more than the control group after all of the incubation hours. No viable E. coli O157:H7 cells were detected after 48 hours at all concentrations. The extract showed low antimicrobial activity, and relatively high bactericidal concentration on probiotic candidate LAB strains. This shows that P. terebinthus hexane extract at appropriate concentrations can be used together with probiotic strains as a natural preservative and biopreservative to prevent food spoilage and extend shelf life.

Investigation of the molecular basis of halogenated Schiff base derivative by combined crystallographic and computational studies

Halogenated Schiff base derivatives are gaining more popularity in supramolecular chemistry due to the synergistic effect of hydrogen and halogen-based noncovalent interactions, which helps to design novel therapeutic materials. In this work, we have examined the nature of molecular interactions to investigate the structure-functional relationship of a halogen-based derivative. The FTIR, HRMS and NMR spectroscopic techniques confirmed the formation of the desired novel Schiff base compound. Further, crystal structure studies showed an infinite 1D supramolecular chain formed by type-I halogen…halogen interaction. The Hirshfeld surface and enrichment ratio analyses were performed to visualize and assess the role of diverse interactions involved in crystal packing. The QTAIM, NCI, LOL and ELF studies were conducted extensively to comprehend the strength of interaction constructed based on electron density distribution. The global and local reactive indices were determined using DFT studies to analyze the molecular properties of the compound. Antibacterial activity against MRSA bacteria was performed and showed a good zone of inhibition. The docking analysis was performed for 1mwt protein and validated. The in silico molecular docking studies of the halogenated Schiff base structure with the penicillin-binding protein showed a good docking affinity of −7.5 kcal/mol and supported by in vitro studies. The ligand binding stability within the protein’s active site was further demonstrated by molecular dynamics (MD) simulation studies for the Schiff base molecule. Communicated by Ramaswamy H. Sarma

Formulation Development and Evaluation of Herbal Antifungal Cream by using Psidium guajava Leaf Extract

Fungal infection is one of the major health concerns globally and varies from superficial to systemic infections. Psidium guajava Linn. leaf extract showed antifungal activity against wide range of fungi. The present research focuses on the development and investigation of cream with guava leaf extract. Ethanolic, methanolic and hydroalcoholic leaf extract was evaluated for total flavonoid content, thin layer chromatography (TLC), high-performance thin layer chromatography (HPTLC) and antifungal activity against Candida albicans. Further cream-based extract was optimized using 32 factorial designs. Beeswax and tween 80 were selected as the independent variables whose impact was studied on viscosity and %cumulative drug diffusion. Optimized cream was characterized by appearance, pH, washability, spreadability, in-vitro drug diffusion study, antifungal test and skin irritation test on wistar rats. The hydroalcoholic extract showed the highest content of flavonoids and a better zone of inhibition (27 ± 1 mm). HPTLC results confirmed the presence of essential flavonoids. Cream with 6% beeswax and 5% tween 80 with a viscosity 10420 cP and 70% drug diffusion was considered as optimized batch. The prepared cream showed satisfactory results for all evaluated parameters. The antifungal test showed the highest zone of inhibition for cream (25 mm) in comparison to standard formulation (23 mm). No any sign of skin irritation was observed. The prepared formulation is the best suitable alternative for the available topical antifungal formulation

Indolyl-4H-Chromene Derivatives as Antibacterial Agents: Synthesis, in Vitro and in Silico Studies.

In this study, indolyl-4H-chromene derivatives are designed and synthesised using an eco-friendly multicomponent one-pot synthesis using benzaldehydes, nitroketene N, S-acetals, and indoles combine with InCl3 , a Lewis acid catalyst, and ethanol, an environmentally acceptable solvent. Due to antibiotic resistance, assessed these Indolyl-4H-chromene derivatives for their in vitro antibacterial activity against Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria, including Streptococcus pyogenes, Staphylococcus aureus, Clostridium pyrogenes, Bacillus subtilis, Escherichia coli, and Pseudomonas aeruginosa, using the agar well diffusion method and Minimum Inhibition Concentration (MIC) assay. Three compounds, 4-(1H-indol-3-yl)-6-methoxy-N-methyl-3-nitro-4H-chromen-2-amine, 4-(1H-indol-3-yl)-3-nitro-N-phenyl-4H-chromen-2-amine and 4-(6-Fluoro-1H-Indol-3-yl)-N-methyl-3-nitro-4H-chromen-2-amine showed better zone of inhibition (mm) and Minimum Inhibition Concentration (MIC) values of 10 μg/mL to 25 μg/mL against all bacterial types. The Ki values of 278.60 nM and 2.21 nM for compound 4-(1H-indol-3-yl)-3-nitro-N-phenyl-4H-chromen-2-amine showed improved interactions with DNA gyrase B and topoIV ParE's ATP binding sites in in silico studies.

Assessing the effectiveness of a herbal mouthwash against oral pathogens: analysis

The most common infectious diseases caused by numerous viruses and bacteria include dental caries and periodontal diseases, which can develop at different stages of a person's life. Herbal mouthwash is highly promising because of its positive effects and works on oral infections and bacteria to quickly cure pain. In this study, a herbal mouthwash with a range of plant extracts was prepared. Medicinal plants like Azadirachta indica, Ocimum tenuiflorum, and Clincanthus nutans was used. Their usefulness in halting the growth of harmful bacterial species such Staphylococcus sp was evaluated. Clinacanthus nutans has strong antibacterial properties and non- toxic to cell lines. Phytochemical was carried out and characterization analysis such as FTIR and GC-MS analysis were performed to identify the function groups and important constituents. In vivo toxicity analysis was performed and the LC50 value for the three formulations A, B, C were found to be 16.0598 µg/ml,15.948 µg/ml,16.058 µg/ml respectively.The physical characteristics such as pH, colour, and stability, have been assessed. Antibacterial activity against an oral sample on blood agar showed good zone of inhibition for three different formulations. The formulation C showed maximum inhibition of 25mm for 100µl concentration of the sample.

Synthesis, Characterization, and Biological Evaluation of Gabapentinoid Hybrids with Isoindole-1,3(2H)-Dione Moiety as Potential Antioxidant, Antimicrobial, and Anticancer Agents

Purpose. To synthesize new isoindole-1,3(2H)-dione derivatives by molecular hybridization of gabapentin and pregabalin with phthalic anhydride derivatives and to evaluate their biological activity as promising antioxidant, antimicrobial, and anticancer agents. Method. Molecular hybridization was successfully achieved by two procedures; synthesized compounds were characterized using analytical and spectral methods. The free radical scavenging properties of synthesized compounds were evaluated using the DPPH method. The antibacterial activity of synthesized compounds and parent compounds was evaluated against two microbial Gram-positive and Gram-negative strains by the well diffusion method. Furthermore, we have studied the effect of compounds on proliferation, cell cycle, and cell death in two human cancer cell lines (Caco-2 and HCT-116). Results. Compounds 1, 3, and 4 exhibited a good free radical scavenging effect, and compound 3 is the most effective with IC50 value of 2.525 μmol/mL. All compounds showed antibacterial activity against Escherichia coli and Staphylococcus aureus related to concentration, while parent drugs did not exhibit any antibacterial effect. Compounds 1 and 2 showed a good zone of inhibition against E. coli at micromolar concentrations, and they are more effective than Gentamicin Sulfate. Treatment with the studied compounds suppresses proliferation, arrests progress throughout the cell cycle, and induces apoptosis in Caco-2 and HCT-116 cancer cells. Compound 2 is highly effective against Caco-2 cells and more effective than thalidomide, with IC50 value less than 1 μmol/L. Conclusion. Our results showed that molecular hybridization of gabapentin and pregabalin in the isoindole-1,3(2H)-dione moiety results in promising anticancer and antimicrobial molecules. Results of this preliminary study show that halogenation of the isoindole-1,3(2H)-dione moiety improves antimicrobial and anticancer activity and that tetra-brominated derivatives are comparable to or more effective than related tetra-chlorinated derivatives.

Antibacterial activity of active peptide from marine macroalgae Chondrus crispus protein hydrolysate against Staphylococcus aureus

Macroalgae is a protein source with the potential to yield antimicrobial peptides (AMPs) that exhibit a wide range of biological activities. This study aimed to find bioactive peptide-based antibacterial compounds from marine macroalgae Chondrus crispus protein hydrolysate. The peptides were isolated by solid phase extraction with a strong cation exchanger from trypsin-digested and α-chymotrypsin-digested hydrolysates. Certain fractions of the hydrolyzed protein displayed a good inhibition zone, with the α-chymotrypsin-digested fraction eluted at pH 9 exhibiting the highest inhibition against Gram-negative bacteria Staphylococcus aureus. Several peptides were characterized as cationic helical peptides with hydrophobicity percentages of 16.67–77.78%. The potential antibacterial peptide P01 KKNVTTLAPLVF was identified as an α-helical cationic antibacterial peptide with 0.525 GRAVY value, amphipathic structure, and +2 total charge. Moreover, strong interaction was observed between P07 SAGSGNEGLSGW and P20 RTASSR peptide with DNA gyrase and DHFR receptors from S. aureus with binding energy -8.0 and -7.3 kcal/mol, respectively.

Screening for Bioactive Compounds in Extracts from Leaves, Leafstalks, and Fruits of Ficus Carica

Aqueous, Ethanol extracts and Fig's milk were preliminary phytochemically screened and tested against some pathogenic bacteria. Qualitatively analysis revealed Tannin, Saponin, Flavonoids and Terpenoids and phlobatannins and Steroids gave positive results. Quantitative analysis showed that the highest percentage of alkaloid was 41% in fig milk and 39% in plant leaves. In addition, the crude extracts of fig's milk as well as of the raw plant extracts were tested (using the Disc Diffusion Method) for their antimicrobial activity against the bacterial pathogens. The influences of aqueous and ethanol extracts on some pathogenic: two strains of gram-positive bacteria include Staphylococcus aureus and Streptococcus pneumonia.., and two strains of gram-negative bacteria including Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Klebsiella pneumoniae, Escherichia coli, Proteus vulgaris, Salmonella SPP and Klebsiella aerogenes. , and the sensitivity of the microorganisms to the extracts of plant’s species were compared with each other and with designated antibiotics by measuring the diameter of the inhibition zones, After incubation, the zone of inhibition was measured in mm, a good inhibition of more than 6 mm were observed indicating the effective antibacterial activity of the bioactive compounds in both of the plants leaves extracts and fig's milk. Moreover, the including results of the antibacterial activities of plants leaves extracts and fig's milk were discussed regarding their phytochemical components which exhibited that have a good inhibition zone against six tested bacterial strains.

Computational and photophysical probing interactions of newly synthesized benzothiazole azo-bonded molecules acting as potent antitubercular agents

In the present work, we have presented a very detailed study of unprecedented mono-azo benzothiazole derivatives. The targeted molecules were synthesized by a single-step involving diazotizing the primary aromatic amines followed by resultant diazonium salts coupling with N, N-Diethyl-m-toluidine (DEMT) through electrophilic substitution reaction influenced by positive mesomeric effect (+M effect) under suitable experimental conditions. The FT-IR, UV–vis, Photoluminescence (PL), 1H NMR, 13C NMR, and HRMS techniques were used to investigate the synthesized mono-azo benzothiazole dye derivatives. Additionally, for the first time, calculations based on density functional theory have been used to examine the ground state geometry, electronic structure, and molecular characteristics potential region maps of four benzothiazole mono-azo architectures (CR1-CR4). The effectiveness of the synthesized dye colourants against M. tuberculosis, H37Rv was assessed by utilizing the agar well diffusion assay method (ATCC 27,294), amongst the studied mono-azo derivatives, CR3 and CR4 exhibited a good zone of inhibition compared to CR1 and CR2. The compound CR1 demonstrated sensitivity at 20 µM, compared to 48.2 µM for the reference gentamicin. The antibacterial activity of the CR1 and CR4 compounds was revealed to have a 19 mm zone of inhibition. The derivative CR1 displayed 42.86 and CR3 displayed 38.75 of the concentration IC50 in 100 μl/ml, respectively, based on their cytotoxic potentiality.

In silico and in vitro antimicrobial activity of date-palm aided silver nanoparticles conjugated with drug ampicillin for drug release study

Pathogenic bacteria, viruses, fungi, and other parasites are the primary cause of infectious diseases. According to the World Health Organization, drug resistance will cause 10 million deaths from pathogenic infectious diseases by 2050. Antibiotics are being developed to eradicate infectious microorganisms. Continuous drug use, over time, increases drug-resistant bacteria and endangers human health. As a result, advancements in nanotechnology promise to improve the resolution of drug resistance. Nanoparticles encapsulated with antibiotic drugs are currently used as nanocarriers to eradicate bacteria and increase bioavailability. This study used microwave irradiation to create silver nanoparticles from date palm seed and leaf extract. Ultraviolet–visible spectrophotometry was used to confirm the silver nanoparticle synthesis, revealing surface plasma resonance at 420 and 370 nm. The silver nanoparticles were conjugated with the antibiotic drug ampicillin to improve bioavailability. The X-ray diffraction pattern confirms the formation of the crystalline nature of silver nanoparticles. The spherical morphology and size of silver nanoparticles were revealed using field emission scanning electron microscope (50–70 nm) and transmission electron microscopy (14–26 nm). The in vitro antimicrobial activity of silver nanocomposites shows the good zone of inhibition against the microorganisms such as Escherichia coli, Staphylococcus aureus, Aspergillus flavus, and Aspergillus niger, respectively. In addition, in silico molecular docking study was carried out for the twenty biomolecules of date palm. Among them, the compound tricosanoic acid have a good binding affinity (−233.43 kcal/mol) against Salmonella typhi compared with standard ampicillin (−205.76 kcal/mol). As a result, the current study contributes to use the drug-conjugated nanosilver particles which improve the efficacy against microbial pathogens.

Synthesis, characterization and application of Cr2O3 nanoparticles as an efficient antibacterial agent

This study focuses on the microwave-assisted synthesis of Cr2O3 nanoparticles for the development of antibacterial materials. Characterization techniques including FT-IR spectroscopy, UV–vis spectroscopy, SEM-EDX, and XRD, were employed to analyze the nanoparticles' properties. The antibacterial efficacy against E. coli, S. aureus, B. subtilis, and P. aeruginosa was evaluated, with significant activity observed against all pathogens, highlighting their potential as antibacterial materials. The novelty of this study lies in the synthesis of Cr2O3 nanoparticles and their application as potent antibacterial agents against various pathogens. The results of XRD study concludes the average size of Cr2O3 nanoparticles as 49.96 nm. The synthesized Cr2O3 nanoparticles demonstrated a good zone of inhibition against E. coli (22 mm), S. aureus (19 mm), B. subtilis (18 mm), and P. aeruginosa (21 mm). The findings of the study suggest that Cr2O3NPs have potential as a novel antibacterial agent, and further research in this area could lead to the development of new and effective treatments for bacterial infections.

Physical properties and pharmacological applications of Co3O4, CuO, NiO and ZnO nanoparticles.

Nano materials have found developing interest in biogenic approaches in the present times. In this study, metal oxide nanoparticles (NPs) such as cobalt oxide (Co3O4), copper oxide (CuO), nickel oxide (NiO) and zinc oxide (ZnO), were synthesized using a convenient and rapid method. The structural features of synthesized metal oxide NPs were studied using various microscopic and spectroscopic techniques like SEM, TEM, XRD, FTIR and EDX. The characterization results confirmed that the prepared NPs possess highly pure, unique and crystalline geometry with size ranging between 10 and 20nm. The synthesized nanoparticles were successfully employed for pharmacological applications. Enzyme inhibition potential of NPs was evaluated against the urease and tyrosinase enzymes. The percent inhibition for the urease enzyme was observed as 80 to 90% by using Co3O4, CuO, NiO and ZnO NPs while ZnO NPs were found to have best anti-urease and anti-tyrosinase activities. Moreover, effective inhibition was observed in the case of ZnO NPs at IC50 values of 0.0833 and 0.1732 for urease and tyrosinase enzymes which were comparable to reference drugs thiourea and kojic acid. The lower the IC50 value, higher the free radical scavenging power. Antioxidant activity by DPPH free radical scavenging method was found moderately high for the synthesized metal oxide NPs while best results were obtained for Co3O4 and ZnO NPs as compared to the standard ascorbic acid. Antimicrobial potential was also evaluated via the disc diffusion and well diffusion methods. CuO NPs show a better zone of inhibition at 20 and 27mm by using both methods. This study proves that the novel metal oxide NPs can compete with the standard materials used in the pharmacological studies nowadays.

Pharmacological Prospects of Morin Conjugated Selenium Nanoparticles-Evaluation of Antimicrobial, Antioxidant, Thrombolytic, and Anticancer Activities.

Selenium nanoparticles (SeNPs) have gained wide importance in the scientific community and have emerged as an optimistic therapeutic carrier agent for targeted drug delivery. In the present study, the effectiveness of nano selenium conjugated with Morin (Ba-SeNp-Mo) produced from endophytic bacteria Bacillus endophyticus reported in our earlier research was tested against various Gram-positive, Gram-negative bacterial pathogens and fungal pathogens that showed good zone of inhibition against all selected pathogens. Antioxidant activities of these NPs were studied by 1, 1-diphenyl-2- picrylhydrazyl (DPPH), 2,2'-Azino-bis-3-ethylbenzothiozoline-6-sulfonic acid (ABTS), hydrogen peroxide (H2O2), superoxide (O2-), and nitric oxide (NO) radical scavenging assays that exhibited dose-dependent free radical scavenging activity with IC50 values 6.92 ± 1.0, 16.85 ± 1.39, 31.60 ± 1.36, 18.87 ± 1.46, and 6.95 ± 1.27 μg/mL. The efficiency of DNA cleavage and thrombolytic activity of Ba-SeNp-Mo were also studied. The antiproliferative effect of Ba-SeNp-Mo was determined by 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide (MTT) assay in COLON-26 cell lines that resulted in IC50 value of 63.11 μg/mL. Further increased intracellular reactive oxygen species (ROS) levels up to 2.03 and significant early, late and necrotic cells were also observed in AO/EtBr assay. CASPASE 3 expression was upregulated to 1.22 (40 μg/mL) and 1.85 (80 μg/mL) fold. Thus, the current investigation suggested that the Ba-SeNp-Mo has offered remarkable pharmacological activity.

Biosynthesis of Ag/bentonite, ZnO/bentonite, and Ag/ZnO/bentonite nanocomposites by aqueous leaf extract of Hagenia abyssinica for antibacterial activities

Abstract We report the synthesis of Ag/bentonite, ZnO/bentonite and Ag/ZnO/bentonite nanocomposites (NCs) using Hagenia abyssinica plant extract and their antibacterial study. The synthesized NCs were characterized by using many advanced techniques. The X-ray diffraction and high resolution transmission electron microscopy analysis confirmed the formation of composites with different phases. The average crystallite size (D) values of pure Ag nanoparticles (NPs), ZnO NPs, and activated bentonite (Na-AB) were found to be 8.14, 18.1, and 37.6 nm, respectively. The Ag/bentonite NCs, ZnO/bentonite NCs, and Ag/ZnO/bentonite NCs exhibited the D values of 7.4, 9.4, and 9.4 nm, respectively. The Fourier transform infrared spectral analysis revealed the presence of hydroxyl, carbonyl, and other functional groups on the surface of the synthesized NCs. The transmission electron microscopic analysis revealed the formation of Ag and ZnO NPs with hexagonal, rod-shaped, and spherical structures. HRTEM also revealed the presence of (102) plane of ZnO and (220) plane of Ag in Ag/ZnO/bentonite NCs. The antibacterial activities of the composites suspension were evaluated against Escherichia coli ATCC 25922 and Staphylococcus aureus ATCC 25923 by the disc diffusion and broth dilution methods. The ternary NC and Ag/ZnO/bentonite exhibited better zone of inhibition of 14.3 ± 0.3 and 17.3 ± 0.2 mm at 10 mg·mL−1 toward E. coli and S. aureus bacterial strains. The minimum inhibitory concentration and minimum bactericidal concentration values of Ag/ZnO/bentonite NCs were found to be 156.25 and 312.5 µg·mL−1 for E. coli. The investigation results revealed that the low temperature bio-synthesized Ag/ZnO/bentonite is a promising bactericide over the binary composites.