Betelnut Fibres Research Articles

Effect of Areca Nut Fiber and Pineapple Leaf Fibers and Polyester Composition on Mechanical Properties of Composite

The Effect of Areca Nut Fiber and Pineapple Leaf Fibers and Polyester Composition on Mechanical Properties of Composite Diva Akbar*, Dody Yulianto Mechanical Engineering Study Program, Faculty of Engineering, Islamic University of Riau Jl. Kaharuddin Nasution Km 11 No.113 Perhentian Marpoyan, Pekanbaru Telp. 0761 – 674635 Fax. (0761) 674834 Email : divaakbar@student.uir.ac.id ABSTRACT Areca nut fiber and pineapple leaf fiber are types of fiber derived from natural fibers that are interesting to research as composite reinforcing fibers because currently they are very abundantly available. This research aims to make composite boards made from areca nut fiber and pineapple leaf fiber with polyester resin metrics for mechanical strength. This research varied different mixtures starting from areca nut fiber: pineapple leaf fiber: polyester resin, namely 20%: 30%: 50%, 25%: 25%: 50%, 30%: 20%: 50% using The hand lay up method was carried out three times in making composite board specimens. The highest bending strength results in sample one with a mixture of 20% areca nut fiber, 30% pineapple leaf fiber and 50% polyester resin were 52.60 Mpa, the impact value was 0.379 Joules/mm2. This is because there is the influence of the fiber and metric mixture which causes the elasticity modulus value to increase and because there is the influence of fiber density, where the smaller the density value the greater the mechanical strength, both bending strength and impact value. This phenomenon can be seen from macro observations, namely that composite boards experience fiber pull out with a fibrous brittle fracture type.

Manufacture and Characterization of Polymer Concrete Using Duck Egg Shell Powder, Areca Nut Fiber, and Epoxy Resin

Manufacture and Characterization of Polymer Concrete Using Duck Egg Shell Powder, Areca Nut Fiber, and Epoxy Resin

Influence of betel nut fiber hybridization on properties of novel aloevera fiber-reinforced vinyl ester composites

Abstract This work presents the influence of betel nut fiber hybridization on the properties (mechanical, thermal, wear, and water absorption) of novel aloevera fiber-reinforced vinyl ester composites. In this research, we fabricated the composites by changing the wt.% of aloevera fiber and betel nut fiber through the hand layup method using the compression molding technique. From the results, it has been observed that increases in wt.% of betel nut fiber increased the mechanical properties, thermal properties, wear resistance, and water resistance of the composites. The composite with the designation S1 shows the lowest hardness, tensile, flexural, impact, and shear strengths of 49.58, 26.59 MPa, 52.53 MPa, 4.12 J, and 101.26 MPa, respectively. Meanwhile, the composite with the designation S5 shows the highest hardness, tensile, flexural, impact, and shear strengths of 71.29, 62.61 MPa, 78.24 MPa, 9.57 J, and 139.52 MPa, respectively. Further, higher wear resistance and water resistance were obtained by the S5 specimen. SEM analysis shows the good strength of betel nut fiber and enhances the tensile strength of the composites.

Suitability of using areca nut fiber as reinforcing material in compressed stabilized earth blocks (CSEB) for low-cost housing

An economical and cost-effective replacement for conventional building materials is Compressed Stabilized Earth Block (CSEB). However, they are vulnerable to erosion and cracking, particularly in humid settings. The use of natural fibers as reinforcement is found effective in overcoming this problem. Areca nut fiber which is a complete waste material in countries like Bangladesh and India is also a sturdy, adaptable, and water-resistant natural fiber that makes it the perfect choice as fiber reinforcement material for CSEBs. In this article, the strength performance analysis of areca nut fiber as a reinforcement material for CSEBs is investigated, where 0%, 0.85%, 2%, 5%, and 8% of areca nut fiber is mixed with soil that is stabilized with 10% cement. CSEB specimens of 4″ × 4″ × 4″ size have been made and tested for compressive strength, tensile strength, bulk density, and water absorption. It is observed that there is an 83.76% increase in compressive strength and an 8.89% increase in splitting tensile strength for 0.85% of areca nut fiber content specimen cured for 90 days. The water absorption was found a minimum of 9.07% for 0.85% areca nut fiber content and the minimum density of the block was observed at 1810 kg/m3 for the optimum percentage of 0.85% mix. The study indicates that using 0.85% of areca nut fiber content in stabilized CSEB shows a significant improvement in the strength characteristics of compressed stabilized earth blocks.Graphical

Influence of blend ratio of cotton and Arecanut fibers on yarn properties

PurposeThe purpose of the study is to optimize the blending ratio of Arecanut and cotton fibers to create yarn with the best quality for various applications, particularly home furnishings. The study aims to determine the effect of different blend ratios on the physical and mechanical properties of the yarn.Design/methodology/approachThe study involves blending Arecanut and cotton fibers in various ratios (90:10, 75:25, 50:50, 25:75 and 10:90) at two different yarn counts (10/1 and 5/1). Various physical and mechanical properties of the blended yarn are analyzed, including unevenness, coefficient of mass variation (cvm%), imperfection, hairiness, breaking strength, elongation, tenacity and breaking work.FindingsThe research findings suggest that the blend ratio of 10:90 (10% cotton and 90% Arecanut fiber) produced the best results in terms of physical and mechanical properties for both yarn counts. This blend ratio resulted in reduced unevenness, cvm% and imperfection, while also exhibiting good mechanical properties such as breaking strength, elongation, tenacity and breaking work. The blend with a higher concentration of cotton generally showed better properties due to the coarseness of Arecanut fiber. As the goal of the study was to determine the best blend ratio that included the most Arecanut fiber based on its physical and mechanical properties, which is suitable for home furnishing applications, 75:25 Areca cotton blend ratio of yarn count 5/1 proved to be the best.Research limitations/implicationsThe study acknowledges that Arecanut fiber must be blended with other commercially used fibers like cotton due to its coarseness. While the study provides insights into optimizing blend ratios for home furnishings and packaging, further research may be needed to make the material suitable for clothing applications.Practical implicationsThe research has practical implications for industries interested in utilizing Arecanut and cotton blends for various applications, such as home furnishings and packaging materials. It suggests that specific blend ratios can result in yarn with desirable properties for these purposes.Social implicationsThe study mentions that the increased use of Arecanut fibers can benefit the growers of Arecanut, potentially providing economic opportunities for communities engaged in Arecanut farming.Originality/valueThe research explores the utilization of Arecanut fibers, an underutilized resource, in combination with cotton to create sustainable yarn. It assesses various blend ratios and their impact on yarn properties, contributing to the understanding of eco-friendly textile materials.

PENGARUH SERAT BUAH PINANG TERHADAP KUAT TEKAN BETON

Concrete material innovations are no emerging more and more and are something that is really needed, one of which is material innovation with the addition of fiber. Fiber concrete is a mixture of concrete plus fiber. The fiber material can be asbestos fiber, plastic fiber (poly-propyline), or pieces of steel wire, plant fibers (hemp, coconut fiber, bamboo, palm fiber). The purpose of adding fiber is to improve or increase the mechanical properties of concrete in the form of tensile strength, compressive strength and flexural strength. This research uses areca nut skin fiber, the skin and seeds are separated, then the betel nut fiber is spread apart so that it does not clump when mixing, then the betel nut fiber is mixed little by little into the concrete mixture. This research aims to determine the effect of adding Areca nut fiber on the compressive strength of concrete aged 7, 14 and 28 days. The percentage of areca nut shell fiber used in this research as 1.6%, 2.4% and 4%. The research used test objects in the form of cubes measuring 15 x 15 x15 cm, with a sample of 12 pieces of concrete, including 9 pieces of concrete with a mixture of betel nut fiber according to each type of concrete aged 7, 14 and 28 days, and 3 pieces of concrete without mixed/normal. The test carried out on the concrete mixture is the compressive strength of the concrete. From the research results obtained, the results of testing the compressive strength of fiber concrete with a percentage of Areca fruit fiber of 1.6% at concrete ages of 7, 14, and 28 days obtained an average compressive strength result of 7.65 MPa, for testing the compressive strength of concrete with a percentage 2.4% for concrete ages of 7, 14 and 28 days experienced a decrease in average compressive strength of 5.88 MPa and for concrete compressive strength testing with a percentage of 4% for concrete ages of 7, 14 and 28 days there as an increase in average concrete compressive strength. The average is 11.43 MPa.

Research Progress on Processing Technology of Refined Betel Nut in China: A Review

Betel nut is a traditional Asian herbal medicine and ranks as the fourth most common addictive substance in the world. Refined betel nut is made from the original fruit of the Areca catechu L. tree through complex traditional processes. Betel nut has various pharmacological effects, and the health effects of chewing refined betel nut have sparked significant concern. The optimization of processing techniques is essential in mitigating the harmful effects of refined betel nut products. This article reviews the current procedures, major limiting factors and technological innovations associated with refined betel nut production. Modern softening techniques including enzymatic treatment, steam explosion and microwave technology have been developed in the last two decades to improve the softness of betel nut fiber. To address the microbial contamination of products, automated production and nonthermal sterilization technologies such as irradiation are preferred. To prevent or delay the whitening and returning of the betel nut brine, an enhanced brine reaction, compound additives and strict control of environmental temperature and humidity can be essential. Chemical reagents, low-temperature preservation, modified atmosphere preservation and coating preservation are applied for the storage of fresh betel nuts. It was found that optimized processing methods and stringent regulatory measures are required to control the chemical pollution in betel nut products. The widespread integration of emerging technologies underscores the imperative need to update regulatory measures. Thus, we hope this review will offer research insights and theoretical references for reducing the harm associated with the processing technology, as well as the formulation of updated supervisory measures.

Analisis Beda Rata-Rata Pengaruh Fraksi Volume Komposit Pada Pengujian Impact Berpenguat Serat Resam Dan Serat Pinang

Technological developments and advances in the industrial sector have led to the increasing use of metals. This condition causes the availability of metal raw materials to decrease. Overcoming this, the use of composites in the industrial world is a solution. Many composite reinforcing materials use natural fiber materials are often used because they have advantages in strength and stiffness that are higher than other engineering materials. In this study using a factorial experimental method that looks at the effect of the composite ratio (volume fraction) with the use of 2 natural fiber mixtures, namely resam fiber and areca nut on impact strength. This study aims to determine the average difference in each treatment carried out in the impact test. The volume fraction treatment variants used in this study are 25%; 30%; 35% resam fiber and 10% areca nut fiber with a long soaking time of 2% NaOH mixed fiber for 2 hours with the α value used is 5%. It was found that in treatment 1: 2 the average value is different while in the treatment of 2: 3 and 1: 3 the average value of the variables is not different.

Feasibility of False Lashes from Areca Fibers (Areca Catechi L.) for Cosmetic

False eyelashes from plant fibers are a new alternative to making false eyelashes because using false eyelashes from human hair is prohibited by Islam. In addition, false eyelashes from natural fibers also have other advantages such as being environmentally friendly, affordable, and biodegradable. One of the fiber-producing plants is the betel nut. This study aims to determine the feasibility of false eyelashes from betel nut fiber. This type of research is experimental. The type of research data is primary data sourced from observation, documentation, and questionnaires. This research uses a questionnaire/ questionnaire instrument. In the organoleptic and hedonic testing of false eyelashes, the required panelists are 15 people, namely 3 (three) from MUA, 2 (two) from the eyelash industry, 2 (two) from cosmetology and beauty lecturers, 8 (eight) students from makeup and beauty. The results of the research on betel nut fiber false eyelashes based on laboratory tests have a very smooth texture, namely 1.93 tex, strong attractiveness of 9.37 g/tex, and very high elasticity of 5.59. and based on the results of the organoleptic test, the average score of the flexible panelists was 85.3% in the tapering category, the lightness panel average score was 84% ​​in the light category, and the average neatness panel score was 86.67% in the neat category. For the hedonic test, the average score of the panelists was 92% in the very like category, for the aesthetic test, the average score for the panelists was 89.3% in the beautiful category. It is recommended as additional knowledge to students about the feasibility of false eyelashes from areca fibers for makeup.

Microcellulose from Betel Husk Fiber as Filler in Bioplastic

Betel nut husk fiber has a reasonably high cellulose content. Meanwhile, bioplastics nowadays are mostly made of Poly Vinyl Alcohol (PVA), with one of its limitations being tensile strength and other properties regarding mechanical. Thus, this study aims to isolate microcellulose from areca nut fiber and use the fiber as a filler in bioplastic, where cellulose is combined with PVA. The intention is to understand the effect of adding microcellulose from betel nut fibers on the properties, including the biodegradability of PVA-based bioplastic films. This research has three steps: isolating cellulose from betel nut peel fibers by delignification, pulping, and bleaching. The next step is hydrolysis to obtain microcellulose. The last is the preparation of bioplastic films using the solution casting method, with five different ratios of microcellulose content in the bioplastic. The cellulose characterization from FTIR spectra shows the absorption of several peaks, such as O-H, C-H, and C-O functional groups. The mechanical testing results on the variation of bioplastic show that the bioplastic with the best characteristics was PL5, which has the highest microcellulose content, 8 MPa and 10.2% for tensile strength and elongation, respectively. The biodegradation test for bioplastic variation (PL5) was 82% within eight weeks, while in Indonesian National Standard (SNI) number 7188.7:2016, it is 100% within 60 days.

Experimental Investigation on Density and Volume Fraction of Void, and Mechanical Characteristics of Areca Nut Leaf Sheath Fiber-Reinforced Polymer Composites

Natural fiber-reinforced polymer composite is a rapidly growing topic of research due to the simplicity of obtaining composites that is biodegradable and environmentally friendly. The resulting composites have mechanical properties comparable to synthetic fiber-reinforced composites. In this regard, the present work is formulated with the objectives related to the development, characterization, and optimization of the wt% of reinforcements and the process parameters. The novelty of this work is related to the identification and standardization of the appropriate wt% of reinforcements and parameters for the processing of the areca nut leaf sheath fiber-based polymer composites for enhanced performance attributes. With this basic purview and scope, the composites are synthesized using the hand layup process, and the composite samples of various fiber compositions (20%, 30%, 40%, and 50%) are fabricated. The mechanical characteristics of biodegradable polymer composites reinforced with areca nut leaf sheath fibers are investigated in the present work, with a focus on the effect of fiber composition (tensile properties, flexural strength, and impact strength). The properties of composites are enhanced by combining the areca nut leaf sheath fiber and epoxy resin, with a fiber content of 50% being the optimal wt%. The Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) investigations also ascertain this by depicting the good interfacial adhesion between the areca nut leaf sheath fiber and the epoxy resin. The tensile strength of the composite specimen reinforced with 50% areca nut fiber increases to 44.6 MPa, while the young’s modulus increases to 1900 MPa, flexural strength increases to 64.8 MPa, the flexural modulus increases to 37.9 GPa, and impact strength increases to 34.1 k J/m2. As a result, the combination of areca nut leaf sheath fiber reinforced epoxy resin shows considerable potential as a renewable and biodegradable polymer composite. Furthermore, areca nut leaf sheath fiber-reinforced epoxy resin composites are likely to replace petroleum-based polymers in the future. The ecosustainability and biodegradability of the composite specimen alongside the improved mechanical characteristics serve as the major highlight of the present work, and can help the polymer composite industry to further augment the synthetic matrix and fiber-based composites with the natural fiber-reinforced composites.

Fabrication of Conducting Polyaniline–Betel Nut Fiber Filaments with Potential Ammonia Gas Sensing Behavior

ABSTRACT Polyaniline–betel nut fiber (PANI/BNF) filaments have been prepared for the first time by in situ polymerization with potential application as ammonia gas sensor at room temperature. A sheath of polyaniline is formed surrounding the BNF filament, which is evident from scanning electron microscopy (SEM), Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR), and X-ray diffraction (XRD) analyses. This morphological structure makes it easy enough to fit the filaments directly between electrodes for resistive ammonia gas sensor studies without the need of any other polymeric matrix, indicating novelty of the work. A red shift with increase in the amount of BNF is observed in the UV–Vis spectra. The composite exhibits increased electrical conductivity as revealed by electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS), which is a requisite for resistive gas sensors. The novel PANI/BNF sensor has average ammonia-sensing response of 28.2% toward 100 ppm of ammonia with 10 ppm detection limit. The sensor fits in a linear plot of response vs. NH3 concentration from 10 to 200 ppm with good response and recovery capabilities. PANI/BNF filaments with increased conductivity, thermal stability, and ammonia-sensing properties open new scope for their application in gadgets like electrodes for supercapacitors, other gas sensors, and electromagnetic shields.

Study on betel nut fiber enhancing water stability of asphalt mixture based on response surface method

In recent years, there has been an increasing interest in waste fiber reinforced asphalt mixes. Waste betel nut fiber (BNF) can improve the tensile strength of asphalt mixture, while the hydrophilic groups on its surface can reduce its water stability. Therefore, this study investigated the effect of alkali-treated BNF on the water stability performance of asphalt mixtures. The effects of shear time, fiber content, and asphalt aggregate ratio on the water stability of BNF-enhanced asphalt mixtures were investigated separately by response surface methodology (RSM). The road performance of the RSM method with optimal solution and without fiber, fiber without alkali treatment, and fiber without shear was also compared. The results showed that under the AC13 gradation, the optimal solutions of multi response variables are fiber content of 0.2561%, fiber shear time of 12.78 min and asphalt aggregate ratio of 5.82%. The corresponding predicted Rdry value is 1.48 MPa, Rsaturated value is 1.27 MPa and TSR value is 88.41%. The final test results are within the 95% confidence interval, and the prediction model has good reliability. The optimal solution has the best low-temperature flexural strength and water stability. This study helps to promote the application and promotion of BNF in road construction.

Development, characterization, and parametric analysis of dry sliding wear behavior of epoxy-short betel nut fiber composite using response surface method and neural computation

This work reports on the mechanical and wear performance of epoxy composite reinforced with short betel nut fiber (SBF). Composite samples with different weight percentages (0, 2, 3, 4, 6, and 8 wt%) of fiber content are fabricated through hand lay-up route. Mechanical properties such as tensile and flexural strengths are evaluated by conducting tests as per appropriate ASTM standards. Sliding wear tests are performed on a pin-on-disc test apparatus as per ASTM G99 standard. A non-linear regression model is developed in accordance with face-centered central composite design (FCCCD) of Response Surface Methodology (RSM). An artificial neural network (ANN) approach is applied to predict the wear rate of the composite and compared with the RSM predicted results. It is found that with the incorporation of short betel nut fiber both tensile and flexural strength of the composite shows an increasing trend. It is also observed that reinforcement of short betel nut fiber enhances the wear performance of epoxy. Surface morphologies of the worn samples have been studied to analyze the wear mechanism of the composite samples.

Hybrid Bio-based Composites from Waste Chicken Feather and Betel Nut Fiber: A Study on the Mechanical and Thermal Properties

Hybrid Bio-based Composites from Waste Chicken Feather and Betel Nut Fiber: A Study on the Mechanical and Thermal Properties

Proportion of raw material optimisation in handicraft paper making made of Pinang fibre (<i>Areca catechu l.</i>) and old corrugated cardboard (used cardboard)

Betel nut (Areca catechu L.) fibre is regarded as waste containing of 70.2% cellulose, 10.92% water, and 6.02% ash. In direct utilisation of areca nut, certain innovation is required, one of which ...

Areca nut fiber nano crystals, clay nano particles and PVA blended bionanocomposite material for active packaging of food

Nowadays, there has been a marked increase in the use of biopolymer-based packaging, which improves or extends the shelf life of the food materials. This research aims to obtain a better understanding of the use of natural polymer (cellulose) as well as clay nanoparticles (CNP) for fabrication of eco-friendly and economical unique food packaging material. The fiber nanocrystals (FNC) were obtained from areca nut (Areca catechu) waste using both chemical and physical treatments. Different analytical techniques were used to confirm the size, crystallinity, and purity of the FNC. Furthermore, the scanning electron microscopy (SEM), transmission electron microscopy (TEM) and atomic force microscopy (AFM) were used to confirm the morphology, size distribution and topography of FNC. The nanobiocomposite material was developed by the combination of FNC, clay nanoparticles, polyvinyl alcohol, and fennel seed oil. The nanobiocomposite was further analyzed for tensile strength/elongation property, thermal degradation property, optical property, antioxidant, antimicrobial property, and contact angle measurement. The FNC-clay nanoparticle-fennel seed oil incorporated PVA based material showed increased mechanical property, improved optical and thermal property than normal PVA film. The results suggest that the fabricated nanobiocomposite material having enhanced antibacterial and antioxidant properties. The hydrophobic nature of the PVA incorporated nanobiocomposite was improved by the addition of the clay nanoparticles and the unique combination of the material can revolutionize the food packaging industry.

Genetic Susceptibility and Protein Expression of Extracellular Matrix Turnover-Related Genes in Oral Submucous Fibrosis.

Betel quid (BQ) chewing increased the risk of oral cancer and oral submucous fibrosis (OSMF), an oral premalignant disorder (OPMD) with malignant transformation potential. BQ components such as areca nut (AN), trauma by coarse AN fiber, catechin, copper, alkaloids, stimulated reactive oxygen species (ROS), inflammation and cytotoxicity are suggested to be the contributing factors. They may induce tissue inflammation, proliferation of fibroblasts and collagen deposition, myofibroblast differentiation and contraction, collagen cross-links and inhibit collagen phagocytosis, finally leading to the development of OSMF and oral cancer. These events are mediated by BQ components-induced changes of extracellular matrix (ECM) turnover via regulation of TGF-β1, plasminogen activator inhibitor-1 (PAI-1), cystatin, lysyl oxidase (LOX) and tissue inhibitors of metalloproteinases (TIMPs) and metalloproteinases (MMPs). Genetic susceptibility is also involved in these disease processes. Further understanding the molecular mechanisms of BQ-induced OSMF and oral cancer can be helpful for future disease prevention and treatment.

Experimental investigation on wear properties with micro-structure behavior of arecanut reinforced polymer composite material

This study is mainly focused on wear behavior analysis of the different compositions of arecanut reinforced with polymer composite materials. The recent research is focused on the Fiber Reinforced Polymer composites (FRPC) because of the natural fiber composites are not able to meet the required mechanical properties with durability. The primary challenge of Fiber Reinforced Polymer composites is to attain high strength and less wear resistance with less weight. In this study concentrated to study the wear characteristics of reinforced polymer composite with arecanut fiber and the samples were prepared by the weight percentage with the different ratios from 0 to 30 wt%. The composite material was prepared with the help of the injection moudling technique. As per ASTM-G99 the test specimens were prepared to wear behavior analysis on the pin-on-disk wear analysis. The results were validated based on load, wear rate, sliding velocity, sliding distance, % of weight reinforcement. The wear behavior of the composite materials morphological characteristics was studied by SEM analysis and the results of SEM analysis revealed that less wear behavior is attained by applying maximum load.

EFFECTS OF MECHANICAL CHARACTERIZATION ANALYSIS IN ARECANUT FIBER REINFORCED COMPOSITE MATERIALS

Ecological pollution is the most important thing in the fast-growing world. Many scientists were concentrated to develop environmental pollution-free composite materials and products according to environmentally sustainable principles. So those synthetic fibers were replaced by natural fibers due to less expensive, easy availability, minimal waste removal difficulties, comparable strength, non-toxicity, and ecologically friendly environment. Arecanut fiber is one of the most significant natural fiber which is obtained from an Arecanut tree and available more number in the state Kerala. In the current research, the reinforcement of Arecanut fiber with epoxide composites has been formulated and the mechanical characteristics of those composites are reviewed. In this research, the stir casting method was utilized to prepare the composite specimens with the various fiber weight fractions of 0 to 30% and the pressure was applied at ambient temperature. As per the ASTM standard, the prepared composites were crushed into small pieces for various experiments. The specimens have been exposed to the hardness, density, and mechanical testing like impact, flexural and tensile loading. The highest possible hardness, flexural strength, density, and tensile strength are attained for the material fabricated with the 20 wt% reinforced Arecanut epoxide composites. The fiber matrix was evaluated, and the structure of the fractured surfaces was examined through performing SEM ie Scanning electron microscope analysis.