Betamethasone Gel Research Articles

Comparing the Effectiveness of Betamethasone Gel with Lidocaine Gel Application on Endotracheal Tube in Preventing Post Operating Sore Throat

Objective: To compare the effectiveness of betamethasone gel and lidocaine gel application in reduction of post-operative sore throat. Study Design: Randomized controlled trial Place and Duration: Study was conducted at anesthesia department of Dow University of Health Sciences, Karachi with duration from May 2022 to October 2022. Methodology: A total of 54 patients were enrolled and divided into two groups Betamethasone and Lidocaine (Lignocaine) by lottery method. In one group betamethasone gel 0.05% was applied over endotracheal tube (ETT) and in other group lignocaine gel 4% was applied over the ETTT. SPSS version 23 was used for data analysis. Mean ± SD and frequency (percentage) were calculated for numerical and categorical data respectively. Results: Majority of the patients in betamethasone group, 15 (55.6%) patients, had not developed sore throat whereas mild and moderate sore throat was most common in lidocaine group. Further, 5 (18.5%) patients in lidocaine group and only 2 (7.4%) patients in betamethasone group was severe sore throat. (p=0.015). Practical implication: Sore throat is a common post-operative complication having potential to lead poor surgical results. This study will help the clinicians/anesthesiologists to overcome the problem and reduce the incidence of sore throat in routine practice. Conclusion: Application of betamethasone gel over endotracheal tube just before insertion is associated with reduced risk of sore throat as compare to lignocaine gel. Keywords: Lidocaine gel, Betamethasone gel, Post-operative sore throat, Laryngoscopy, Endotracheal tube.

A comparative evaluation of pharyngolaryngeal morbidity following I-gel insertion after the administration of betamethasone gel versus lidocaine jelly—a prospective study

BackgroundPost-operative sore throat, cough, and hoarseness of voice constitute the major pharyngolaryngeal morbidities following General anesthesia with an endotracheal tube since its introduction. Pharyngolaryngeal morbidity has been reported following the use of supraglottic airway devices as well, with less frequency and severity. Lidocaine jelly, a time-tested lubricating agent with local anesthetic effects is effective in reducing the incidence and severity of pharyngolaryngeal morbidity. Steroid gel application over the endotracheal tube is an effective alternative. The aim of this work is to compare betamethasone gel and lidocaine jelly in their effects leading to the causation of pharyngolaryngeal morbidity when applied to I-gel, a commonly used supraglottic airway device in practice now.ResultsBoth betamethasone gel and Lidocaine jelly were found to be equally efficacious in controlling pharyngolaryngeal morbidity following I-gel insertion. Though the incidence of post-operative sore throat (POST) was lower in the B group in the first 2 h (P=0.895) and 6 h (P=0.582) postoperatively, it was not significant. Similar results with cough (P=0.362) and hoarseness of voice (P=0.123) found after 2 h were also not statistically significant.ConclusionsBoth betamethasone gel and lidocaine jelly reduced the incidence and severity of pharyngolaryngeal morbidity following I-gel insertion and was found comparable.Trial registrationCTRI/2017/10/010058. Registered 11th October 2017.

Comparison Between The Effects of Betamethasone Gel And Lidocaine Jelly To Reduce PostOperative Tracheal Tube Related Airway Symptoms

Objective: To determine the role of betamethasone gel and lidocaine jelly on reducing the post-operative airway complications related to tracheal tube.
 Study Design: Comparative prospective study.
 Place and Duration of Study: Department of Anesthesia, Liaquat National Hospital, from Jul 2019 to Jan 2020.
 Methodology: A total of 150 patients were randomly assigned into three different groups; group-B (0.05% betamethasone gel), group-L (tube lubricated with 2% lidocaine jelly) and group-C (intubated with un-lubricated tubes). Patients were assigned by using lottery method, which was carried out by a research assistant who was not involved in the study. There were 50 patients in each group.
 Results: Post-operative sore throat and post-extubation cough at 24-hours were statistically insignificant (p>0.05) between groups while hoarseness of voice at 24-hours postoperatively was significant (p<0.05) in all the groups. The overall difference for severity of postoperative sore throat, hoarseness of voice and post-extubation cough at24 hours in the groups B, L, and C were statistically significant (<0.05).
 Conclusion: The application of betamethasone gel on endotracheal tube before intubation reduces the post-extubation cough, severity of post-operative sore throat, hoarseness of voice and post-extubation cough in comparison with the application of lidocaine jelly and un-lubricated ETT.

To Compare the Efficacy of Betamethasone Gel and Lignocaine Gel Applied over Endotracheal Tube to Reduce Post Operative Sore Throat and Cough

Background: Post-operative sore throat, cough and hoarseness of the voice are often common, uncomfortable sequelae after tracheal intubation with inflammation being the most common pathogenesis. Post operative sore throat and cough has a multifactorial aetiology that includes patient-related factors such as age, sex, and smoking, as well as intubation factors such as technique, duration, tube size, intracuff pressure, cuff design, trauma to the pharyngolaryngeal mucosa and various factors.
 Objectives: To compare the incidence of post operative sore throat, cough after endotracheal tube intubation when applying betamethasone gel and lignocaine jelly.
 Materials and Methods: At Saveetha Medical College and Hospital in Thandalam, Chennai, a prospective controlled double blinded study was done among patients who were scheduled for elective procedures under general anaesthesia with orotracheal intubation. The study comprised 60 patients who met the study's inclusion and exclusion criteria. The 60 patients were divided into two study groups each enrolled with 30 patients. Before the study could begin, approval from the institutional research board was required. Before the study began, an informed, written consent was obtained. The method used was Qualitative observational randomised double blind study by using a computer-generated random number table and the sealed envelope approach, patients were assigned to one of two equal groups.
 Following a pre-anaesthetic evaluation, 60 patients of either sex, aged 18 to 60 years, with an ASA physical status of I or II, who were undergoing elective surgery (likely to last up to 240 minutes) under general anaesthesia with orotracheal intubation and met the above inclusion criteria were included in the study. The differences between the study groups were analysed by chi square test and the “p” value used as a cut off for estimating statistical significance between groups is 0.05.
 Results: The incidence and severity of post operative sore throat and cough after endotracheal intubation during 6 and 24 hours was found to be statistically significantly in patients in whom betamethasone was used. The results are significant at p<0.05.
 At 6 hours the incidence of post operative sore throat for betamethasone and lignocaine was 12% and 30% respectively. At 24 hours the incidence of post operative sore throat for betamethasone and lignocaine was 9.36% and 25.2% respectively.
 At 6 hours the incidence of post operative cough for betamethasone and lignocaine was 8.4% and 24%.At 24 hours the incidence of post operative cough for betamethasone and lignocaine was 7.2% and 21.6% respectively.
 Conclusion: The use of 0.05 percent betamethasone gel to lubricate the endotracheal tube before intubation helps to reduce the time it takes for symptoms to resolve.

English

BACKGROUND Although post-operative sore throat, cough and hoarseness of voice (HOV) are minor sequelae after general anaesthesia (GA), these can be troublesome to the patient. This study was done to compare the efficacy of betamethasone gel and lignocaine jelly as lubricants in reducing post-operative sore throat and hoarseness of voice in patients operated under general anaesthesia with orotracheal intubation. METHODS This interventional study compares the incidence of post-operative sore throat and hoarseness of voice after endotracheal intubation on applying betamethasone gel (betamethasone group) or lignocaine jelly (lignocaine group) on the tracheal tube. 120 American Society of Anaesthesiologist (ASA) class I and class II patients who had undergone elective surgeries under general anaesthesia were divided into two groups: betamethasone group and lignocaine group. All patients were enquired on post-operative sore throat and hoarseness of voice at 1, 6 and 24 hours after extubation in the post-anaesthesia care unit. RESULTS The incidence of no sore throat, mild, moderate and severe post-operative sore throat at 24 hours after extubation in betamethasone group was 75.0 %, 23.3 %, 1.7 % and 0 % respectively compared to lignocaine group which was 33.3 %, 53.3 %, 6.7 % and 6.7 % respectively (P value < 0.05). The incidence of sore throat was found lower in the betamethasone group than in lignocaine group at intervals 1, 6, 24 hours post extubation with P value < 0.05. The incidence of no HOV, grade 1 HOV, grade 2 HOV and grade 3 HOV in betamethasone group was 46.7 %, 48.3 %, 5.0 % and 0 % respectively compared to lignocaine group which was 25.0 %, 46.7 %, 25.0 % and 3.3 % respectively with P value < 0.05. CONCLUSIONS This study proves that betamethasone gel, when used for lubrication of endotracheal tube pre-operatively, has shown to be effective in decreasing postoperative sore throat and hoarseness of voice. KEYWORDS Betamethasone, Lignocaine, Sore Throat, Hoarseness of Voice, Endotracheal Intubation

STUDY ON BETAMETHASONE GELAND LIGNOCAINE JELLY APPLIED OVER ENDOTRACHEAL TUBE TO REDUCE POST OPERATIVE SORE THROAT, COUGH ANDHOARSENESS OF VOICE

Background and Objectives: Controlled comparison between 0.05% betamethasone gel, 2% lidocaine jelly, lubricating gel applied over endotracheal tube to reduce postoperative sore throat, cough, and hoarseness of voice at 0,6,&24 hrs Materials And Methods: This study compares the incidence of postoperative sore throat, cough, and hoarseness ovoice after general anaesthesia when applying betamethasone gel (betamethasone group-B) or lidocaine jelly( lidocaine group -L) on the tracheal tube. 120 ASAclass I and II patients undergoing elective surgeries under general anaesthesia with orotracheal intubation were randomized into three groups: betamethasone gel, lidocaine jelly, and control groups (C group). In the post-anaesthesia care unit, all patients were interviewed on postoperative sore throat, cough, and hoarseness of voice at 0, 6, and 24 h after surgery. Results and Conclusion:Awide spread application of betamethasone gel (B) on the endotracheal tube decreases the incidence and severity of postoperative sore throat, cough, and hoarseness of voice as compared to lignocaine group(L) and control group (c).

Comparative Study between Betamethasone Gel and Lignocaine Jelly Applied Over the Tracheal Tube to Reduce Postoperative Airway Complications

Abstract Background: Postoperative sore throat (POST), postextubation cough (PEC), and hoarseness of voice (HOV) are some of the common postoperative morbidities due to airway instrumentation. This study is aimed to compare the efficacy of 0.05% betamethasone gel to 2% lignocaine gel applied over the oro-endotracheal tube to reduce the incidence of POST, PEC, and HOV. Patients and Methods: This was a prospective, randomized, double-blinded clinical study in patients scheduled for elective surgeries under general anesthesia. They were randomized into two groups of 30. In Group B (betamethasone), the endotracheal tube was lubricated from the distal end of the cuff using 2.5 ml of betamethasone gel, and in Group L, the endotracheal tube was lubricated with lignocaine jelly in the same way. Patients were examined for POST, PEC, and HOV at intervals of 1, 3, 8, and 24 h after extubation. Results: Significant differences were found at 8 and 24 h postextubation. The incidence of PEC were 30% versus 6.7 % (P=0.02) and 26.7% versus 3.3% (P=0.01) in favour to group B. The incidence of POST were 30% vs 3.3% (P=0.005) and 23.3% vs 0% (P=0.004) in group L vs group B, respectively. Similarly, the incidence of HOV were 20% vs 3.3% (P=0.04) and 13.3% vs 0% (P=0.03) in group B's favour. Conclusion: Patients who underwent general anesthesia using betamethasone gel 0.05% applied to endotracheal tube reported a lower incidence of POST, PEC, and HOV in comparison to those with the application of lignocaine 2% on the endotracheal tube.

Betamethasone Versus Ketamine for Attenuation of POST in Patients Undergoing Surgeries Under GA with Endotracheal Intubation- A Clinical Study

Background: Postoperative sore throat is one of the most common complications after endotracheal intubation. The present study was conducted to assess the role of betamethasone gel applied over the endotracheal tube cuff for attenuation of POST in patients undergoing surgeries under GA with endotracheal intubation and compare it with ketamine nebulization. Subjects and Methods : This is a randomized controlled prospective study conducted in 90 patients of either sex between 18-70 years of age divided into three groups. Group I patients received ketamine 50 mg, group II received 3 ml of water soluble 0.05% betamethasone gel, group III received 3 ml of water soluble 2% lignocaine. POST was graded on a four-point scale (0–3); 0 = no sore throat; 1 = mild sore throat (complains of sore throat only on questioning); 2 = moderate sore throat (complains of sore throat on his/her own); 3 = severe sore throat (change of voice or hoarseness, associated with severe throat pain). Results: The mean duration of surgery in group I was 128.5 minutes, in group II was 131 minutes and in group III was 134.5 minutes. There were 6 (20%), 7 (23.3) and 14 (46.6%) cases in group I, II and III respectively. The difference was significant (P< 0.05). At 0 hour there were 3 cases in group I, II and 10 in group III, at 2 hours was 3, 5 and 12 in group I, II and III respectively, at 6 hours was 5,4 and 14 cases in group I, II and III respectively, at 12 hours was 3, 3 and 12 cases in group I, II and III respectively and at 24 hours was 2, 2 and 12 cases in group I, II and III respectively. Conclusion: Authors found that POST can be equally managed with nebulisation with ketamine preoperatively and application of betamethasone gel over endotracheal tube cuff.

To compare the efficacy of application of bethamethasone gel with KY jelly for prophylaxis of post operative sore throat

Post operative sore throat(POST), cough and hoarseness of voice though minor sequelae after tracheal extubation can be distressing to the patients, and is not an uncommon complaint, it adversely affects the patient satisfaction and activities after discharge.A comparative study was conducted to see the incidence of post operative sore throat after tracheal extubation after applying betamethasone gel(Group 1) and KY jelly(Group2) on the cuff of the tracheal tube in patients undergoing elective surgery under general anaesthesia. POST was assessed at rest and with efforts like swallowing and talking at 1, 3, 6, 12, 24 hrs post operatively.The incidence of POST was significantly lower in the betamethasone group when compared to KY jelly group.From our study we can conclude that application of betamethasone gel on the cuff of ETT decreases the incidence of POST after tracheal extubation. Severity of sore throat is assessed using VAS score and found that POST was severe in ky jelly group when compared with betamethasone group.

Betamethasone Gel Compared with Lidocaine Gel to Reduce Tracheal Tube Related Post-operative Airway Symptoms

Betamethasone Gel Compared with Lidocaine Gel to Reduce Tracheal Tube Related Post-operative Airway Symptoms

Comparison between Betamethasone Gel and Lignocaine Jelly Applied over Endotracheal Tube to Reduce Post Operative Sore throat, Cough and Hoarseness of Voice

Comparison between Betamethasone Gel and Lignocaine Jelly Applied over Endotracheal Tube to Reduce Post Operative Sore throat, Cough and Hoarseness of Voice

A Comparison of Effectiveness f Betamethasone Gel and Lignocaine Jelly Applied to Tracheal Tube on Postoperative Sore Throat

Post-operative airway symptoms specially postoperative sore throat (POST) can be troublesome to patients following an uneventful general anesthesia with endotracheal intubation. Ninety ASA I and II informed consenting patients aged 20-50 years were recruited and randomly allocated into three groups of 30 each. The outer surface of the tracheal tubes used in intubating patients were lubricated with 0.05% betamethasone gel for group B, 2% lignocaine jelly for group L from the distal tip of the tube to the 15 cm mark and group C without lubrication. The incidence and severity of sore throat was then assessed at 1 hour, 6 hours and 24 hours during postoperative period. At 24 hours following extubation, there was a statistically significant lower incidence of POST in group B compared to other two groups. (group B= 6.66% vs group L= 33.33% vs group C= 40%, p<0.05). When the groups were compared in pairs, there was a statistically significant difference of POST between groups B and L also groups B and C with lower incidence of POST in group B at 24 hours, p<0.05. Significant difference in incidence of POST was, however, not found when group C was compared with group L separately, at different time of interval, p>0.05. It could be concluded that 0.05% betamethasone gel applied widely over endotracheal tube effectively reduces postoperative sore throat in comparison with 2% lignocaine jelly application. Faridpur Med. Coll. J. Jul 2018;13(2): 58-61

Comparison of Three Different Methods of Attenuating Postoperative Sore Throat, Cough, and Hoarseness of Voice in Patients Undergoing Tracheal Intubation.

Context:Postoperative sore throat (POST) is a frequent and undesirable complication after general anesthesia with endotracheal intubation. Various pharmacological and non-pharmacological methods with variable success rate are used for attenuating POST. However, no single drug has been universally accepted.Aims:To compare the effect of betamethasone gel, ketamine gargles and intravenous dexamethasone on the incidence and severity of POST.Settings and Design:Prospective randomized controlled single-blinded trial conducted at a tertiary care centre.Materials and Methods:A total of 100 patients of age 18 to 70 yr, ASA class I and II, scheduled for elective surgeries under general anaesthesia were included and divided randomly in betamethasone, dexamethasone, ketamine and control groups. Endotracheal tubes were lubricated with 0.05% betamethasone gel in betamethasone group, 0.2 mg/kg of dexamethasone was administered intravenously before induction of anaesthesia in dexamethasone group, 40 mg of ketamine gargles mixed with 30 ml of saline was given 5 minutes prior to induction in ketamine group. In the control group, none of the above agents were used. During the 24 hr after the operation, we noted the occurrence and severity of POST, cough and hoarseness.Statistical Analysis Used:The demographic data, surgical time and intubation among the groups were analyzed using one-way analysis of variance. Incidence and severity of POST, cough and hoarseness of voice among the groups were analyzed utilizing Chi-square test.Results:Incidence of POST at one hour was found to be significantly less in betamethasone group (16%) and dexamethasone group (20%) in comparison to the control group (48%). The incidence of POST at 4 hours and 24 hours were found to be comparable. The frequency of hoarseness and cough at 1 hour, 4 hour and 24 hours were similar in all the groups.Conclusions:Prophylactic betamethasone gel application and intravenous dexamethasone administration before induction of anaesthesia resulted in clinically important and statistically significant decreases in the incidence of POST only in early postoperative period.

A comparative study between ketamine nebulization and betamethasone gel applied over the endotracheal tube cuff for reduction of post-operative sore throat

A comparative study between ketamine nebulization and betamethasone gel applied over the endotracheal tube cuff for reduction of post-operative sore throat

The impact of prophylactic dexamethasone on postoperative sore throat: an updated systematic review and meta-analysis.

Background/AimsAn updated systematic review and meta-analysis was conducted to assess the effect of prophylactic dexamethasone for tracheal intubation of general anesthesia on postoperative sore throat (POST).MethodsComprehensive literature search of databases for randomized controlled trials (RCTs), including Embase, PubMed, and Cochrane Library, which evaluate the effect of prophylactic dexamethasone on POST was conducted. RevMan 5.0 and STATA 12.0 software were used to perform meta-analyses.ResultsFourteen RCTs totaling 1,837 patients were included for analysis. Compared with placebo, a significant reduction in the incidence of POST (OR 0.44, 95% CI 0.33–0.58, P<0.00001), hoarseness (OR 0.42, 95% CI 0.31–0.58, P<0.00001), and postoperative nausea and vomiting (PONV) (OR 0.06, 95% CI 0.03–0.14, P<0.00001) and a comparable incidence of cough (OR 0.59, 95% CI 0.19–1.89, P=0.38) was described in patients receiving dexamethasone, with or without concomitant drugs. Dexamethasone ≥0.2 mg/kg had a statistically greater impact on reducing the incidence of POST than dexamethasone 0.1–0.2 mg/kg, while dexamethasone ≤0.1 mg/kg did not. Dexamethasone was as effective as other drugs such as ondansetron, magnesium sulfate, ketamine gargle, betamethasone gel, and ketorolac for reducing POST (OR 0.70, 95% CI 0.46–1.07, P=0.10). Dexamethasone plus a different drug was more effective than dexamethasone alone for reducing the incidence of POST at 24 hours (OR 0.40, 95% CI 0.21–0.77, P=0.006). Compared with controls, a statistically higher blood glucose level was the only adverse event during the immediate postoperative period in patients receiving dexamethasone.ConclusionsIntravenous dexamethasone ≥0.2 mg/kg within 30 minutes before or after induction of general anesthesia should be recommended as grade 1A evidence with safety and efficacy in reducing the incidence of POST, hoarseness, and PONV in patients without pregnancy, diabetes mellitus, or contraindications for corticosteroids.

Betamethasone Gel versus Intravenous Dexamethasone as Prophylaxis against Postoperative Sore Throat

Background: Postoperative sore throat (POST) though a minor sequel after general anaesthesia with endotracheal intubation, it can be distressing to the patient.Objective: The effectiveness of lubricating endotracheal tube with 0.05% betamethasone gel or intravenous dexamethasone in reducing the postoperative sore throat was compared.Materials and method: This was a prospective study carried out among ninety ASA I and II informed consenting patients aged 20-50 years undergoing elective surgery under general anaesthesia with endotracheal intubation. The patients were randomly divided into three groups with thirty subjects in each group. Betamethasone gel (0.05%) was applied over endotracheal tube over 15 cm mark from the tip in group I, intravenous dexamethasone was given in group II and group III was taken as control. In post-anaesthesia care unit, an anesthesiologist interviewed all patients on postoperative sore throat at 1 hour, 6 hours and 24 hours after operation.Results: At 24 hours following extubation, there was statistically significant lower incidence of post-operative sore throat (POST) in betamethasone group compared to other two groups (betamethasone group 3.33%, dexamethasone group 20% and control group 26.66%, p&lt;0.05). When the groups were compared in pairs at 24 hours, there was statistically significant difference in the incidence of POST between betamethasone group and dexamethasone group and also betamethasone group and control group with lower incidence of POST in betamethasone group, p&lt;0.05. It was also observed that there was no significant difference of POST between dexamethasone and control group at 1 hour, 6 hours or 24 hours, p&gt;0.05.Conclusion: It can be concluded that the use of 0.05% betamethasone gel to lubricate widely the endotracheal tube prior to intubation effectively reduces postoperative sore throat, compared to intravenous dexamethasone administration.Delta Med Col J. Jan 2018 6(2): 73-77

Effect of nebulized ketamine versus betamethasone gel on postoperative pharyngo-laryngeal complications after proseal laryngeal mask insertion in day case surgery

Background General anesthesia with laryngeal mask airway can lead to trauma of the airway mucosa resulting in postoperative pharyngo-laryngeal complications. We compared between the effects of betamethasone gel applied over proseal laryngeal mask and nebulized ketamine in reducing pharyngo-laryngeal complications such as sore throat, hoarseness of voice, dysphagia, and cough during the first, 12 postoperative hours after elective day case surgical procedures. Patients and methods In all, 120 patients (aged 16–45 year) American Society of Anesthesiologists physical status I and II, scheduled for elective day case surgery with proseal laryngeal mask, were enrolled into this prospective, randomized, double-blinded study. The patients were randomly allocated into four groups of 30 participants each: group C received nebulized saline and lubricant gel over laryngeal mask; group B received nebulized saline and 0.05% betamethasone gel over laryngeal mask; group K received nebulized ketamine (1 mg/kg) and lubricant gel over laryngeal mask; group KB received nebulized ketamine (1 mg/kg) and 0.05% betamethasone gel over laryngeal mask. The incidence and the severity of postoperative sore throat, hoarseness of voice, dysphagia, and cough were graded at 30 min, 2, 4, 8, and 12 h. Results The incidence and severity of postoperative sore throat, hoarseness of voice, dysphagia, and cough were significantly lower in groups KB, K, and B, compared with control group (P&lt;0.05). The incidence and severity of postoperative sore throat, hoarseness of voice, dysphagia, and cough were lower in group KB compared with groups K and B at all times after removal of laryngeal mask up to 12 h without significant difference. Conclusion The prophylactic use of betamethasone gel or nebulized ketamine significantly reduced the incidence and severity of postoperative pharyngo-laryngeal complication. Betamethasone gel and nebulized ketamine were significantly more effective than using each of these drugs alone.

Controlled comparison between betamethasone gel and lidocaine jelly applied over endotracheal tube in reducing postoperative sore throat, cough, and hoarseness of voice

Background and Aims: Postoperative sore throat (POST), cough (C), and hoarseness of voice (H) are common, uncomfortable, and frequently ignored sequel after endotracheal intubation. They are likely to be the consequences of local irritation and inflammation so may be amenable to locally administered steroids. Systemic corticosteroids have been shown to prevent the postextubation upper airway obstruction after long-term intubation. Various reports about the efficacy of pharmacological and nonpharmacological measures on complications of intubation have been published. Materials and Methods: A prospective, randomized, hospital-based experimental study including 180 patients (American Society of Anesthesiologists physical status I and II; age group 18–45 years; and scheduled for elective surgery requiring general endotracheal anesthesia were randomly allocated into three groups – Group I, II, and C). Incidence and severity of POST, C, and H were compared using betamethasone gel, lignocaine jelly, or when nothing was applied. Incidence of coughing or bucking and hemodynamic variability was also compared between groups. Quantitative variables in various groups were expressed as mean ± standard deviation and compared using ANOVA and/or unpaired t-test between the groups and paired t-test within each group. Qualitative variables were expressed as frequencies/percentages and compared using Chi-square test. Results: Incidence and severity of POST, C, H, and coughing/bucking was maximum in Group C, followed by Group II and least in Group I (P Conclusion: Betamethasone gel applied over tracheal tube effectively reduces the incidence and severity of POST, C, and H as compared to lignocaine jelly or when nothing was applied.

Betamethasone gel compared with lidocaine jelly to reduce tracheal tube related postoperative airway symptoms: a randomized controlled trial

Background and objectivesPost-operative airway symptoms can be troublesome to patients following an uneventful general anesthesia with endotracheal intubation. In this study, we compared the effectiveness of lubricating an endotracheal tube with betamethasone gel or lidocaine jelly with using an unlubricated tube in reducing the incidence and severity of postoperative sore throat, hoarseness and cough.MethodsThis was a prospective, randomized, single-blind comparative study carried out among 120 ASA I and II patients aged 18–65 years undergoing elective surgery under general anesthesia with endotracheal intubation. Patients were randomly divided into three groups of 40 patients each. Endotracheal tube used for patients in group C was unlubricated, while that for group B and group L were lubricated up to 15 cm mark with 2.5 ml of 0.05% betamethasone gel or 2% lidocaine jelly respectively. Incidence and severity of postoperative sore throat, hoarseness and cough were observed at 1, 6 and 24 h following extubation.ResultsAt 24 h following extubation, group B had the lowest incidence of postoperative sore throat among the three groups (group B: 12.5% vs group L: 37.5% vs group C: 25%; p = 0.036). Severity of postoperative sore throat at 24 h was less with betamethasone (score 0: 87.5%, 1: 10%) compared with lidocaine (score 0: 62.5%, 1: 37.5%) and control (score 0:75%, 1: 20%) (p = 0.006). Observations at other times and of other variables were comparable.ConclusionWide spread application of 0.05% betamethasone gel to lubricate the endotracheal tube significantly reduces the incidence and severity of sore throat at 24 h of extubation but not of hoarseness or cough.

Betamethasone, Lignocaine and KY Gel Application over ET Tube to Reduce Postoperative Sore Throat, Cough and Hoarseness: A Comparative Study

Betamethasone, Lignocaine and KY Gel Application over ET Tube to Reduce Postoperative Sore Throat, Cough and Hoarseness: A Comparative Study