Beta-carotene Content Research Articles

Overview of Genetics and Breeding of Carrot (Daucas Carota L.): A Review

Carrot is one of the most important vegetable crops consumed in the world. It is grown for its taproot which contains carbohydrate in large amount. Carrot is domesticated in ancient year and originated in Asian countries. The crop is highly diversified in color, shape, size, nutritional content and so on. Crop diversity identification was done through morphological identification and DNA markers. Carrot is well known for its beta carotene content. To increase the crop yield and quality many breeding programs have been established and achieved some objectives through conventional breeding methods and using some biotechnological tools. So there is a need to have better understanding of crop genetic characteristics and breeding methods are useful in germplasm collection, conservation and utilization, particularly in case of carrot. Since carrot is highly cross pollinated crop appropriate breeding program and method should be used to improve crop yield and quality especially in developing countries like Ethiopia.

Multivariate analysis of yield and quality traits in sweet potato genotypes (Ipomoea batatas L.)

Improving sweet potato traits and genotype selection based on specific traits of interest is crucial to motivate farmers and rural households to enhance their livelihoods by increasing income and improving nutritional intake. This research offers a thorough analysis of genotype selection guidelines considering multiple traits of sweet potatoes, including vine length (VL), average root length (ARL), average root diameter (ARD), marketable storage root number (MRN), marketable storage root yield (MRY), non-marketable root number (NMRN), non-marketable root weight (NMRW), dry weight of root (DW), beta-carotene content (BC), vitamin C content (VC), starch content (ST), total sugar content (TS), total soluble solid (TSS), and titratable acidity (ACD). The findings showed that the genotype Moz1.15 achieved the highest MRY at 46.46 t/ha, H5.ej.10 displayed the top BC level at 48.94 mg/100 g, and Moz1.9 had the highest VC (23.89 mg/100 g). Furthermore, there was a significant positive correlation between VL and DW, TSS, ST, TS, and VC. Additionally, ARL, ARD, and MRN showed significant positive correlations with MRY. The principal component analysis (PCA) biplot further confirmed how traits were connected with each other. There were four separate clusters of genotypes found, each having its specific significant trait representation. The distance between these clusters ranged from 21.79 to 54.13, while within each cluster, the distances varied from 0 to 17.45. The factor analysis using the multi-trait genotype-ideotype distance index (MGIDI) showed that sweet potato traits played a substantial role in three distinct factors during both growing seasons (2020-21 and 2021-22). This allowed for the selection of genotypes capable of achieving favorable genetic gains ranging from 1.86% to 75.4%, alongside a broad-sense heritability (h2b) spanning from 64.9% to 99.8%. Through the application of the MGIDI index, a number of potential genotypes were identified, among which BARI Mistialu-12 and H9.7.12 stood out as consistently chosen across both years. These promising genotypes exhibited high performance while displaying their strengths and weaknesses in terms of their contributions to the identified factors. This thorough research offers valuable insights into the complex relationship between different traits in sweet potatoes and how genotype selection based on a multi-trait index can significantly assist in shaping upcoming breeding and cultivation strategies.

Research of the antioxidants content in plant raw materials – ingredients for polycomponent functional chips

The article discusses the possibility of using such plant raw materials as pumpkin varieties of Michurinskaya, Krasnaya Malyshka and hybrid Azhur medoviy F1, calendula flower powder, corn flour when designing new types of multicomponent chips ensuring the principle of resource saving due to the involvement of apple production pomace in the technological process juice. A comprehensive analysis of plant raw materials used in the production of chips was carried out for the total content of antioxidants, polyphenolic composition (flavonols, catechins, anthocyanins), the presence of ascorbic acid and beta-carotene. Among the varieties and hybrids of pumpkin, in terms of the total content of water-soluble antioxidants, Krasnaya Malyshka and Azhur Medoviy F1 stand out, then apple pomace, corn flour are ranked in increasing antioxidant value, and the leader here is calendula flower powder. The content of polyphenols in the hybrid Azhur medoviy F1 is higher than in the varieties of Michurinskaya and Krasnaya Malyshka by an average of 42%. The maximum content of ascorbic acid was found in Krasnaya Malyshka pumpkin, but at the same time this variety is inferior in beta-carotene content to two other varieties Michurinskaya and the hybrid Azhur medoviy F1 by 58 and 54%, respectively. Apple pomace can act as an additional source of ascorbic acid and flavonols, calendula flower powder – ascorbic acid, polyphenols and beta-carotene, and corn flour – flavonols, catechins and beta-carotene. All pumpkin varieties and hybrids studied in the work ensure that the finished multicomponent chips, taking into account the established recommended consumption rate – 30 g per day, contain functional ingredients – ascorbic acid, beta-carotene and flavonols at a level of more than 15% of the physiological consumption rate per day.

Physicochemical properties, antioxidant activities, β-carotene content, and sensory properties of cookies from pumpkin (Cucurbita moschata) and modified cassava flour (Manihotesculenta)

In a tropical region, pumpkin (Cucurbita moschata) and cassava (Manihot esculenta Crantz) are abundant agricultural products in Indonesia. Pumpkin is a rich source of several metabolites, including carbohydrates, protein, carotenoids, tryptophan, sterols, and fatty acids. At the same time, modified cassava flour (mocaf) is widely used in food product formulation since it benefits human health, such as gluten-free. The present studies aim to evaluate the effect of pumpkin flour addition on the physicochemical properties, sensory properties and antioxidant activities of mocaf-based cookie products. There were three formulations of mocaf-pumpkin cookies (85:15%, 77.5:22.5%, 70:30%) and two controls consisting of wheat flour cookies (100%) and mocaf cookies (100%). The results showed that the mocaf-pumpkin cookies have similar properties on surface morphology, functional groups, and crystallinity, evaluated by scanning electron microscopy (SEM), Fourier transform spectroscopy (FTIR) and x-ray diffraction analysis (XRD), respectively. The high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) analysis showed that mocaf-pumpkin cookies, with a ratio of 77.5:22.5%, had the highest beta-carotene content as of 1.100 μg/g. The antioxidant assay revealed that mocaf-pumpkin cookies with a ratio of 77.5:22.5 % had the highest value of 14.03 % at 1000 ppm. Furthermore, the sensory evaluation showed that the mocaf-pumpkin cookie with a ratio of 77.5:22.5% was the more acceptable formulation. The result of this study indicated that pumpkin flour combined with mocaf in cookie production has a potential benefit to human health as the source of natural antioxidants.

Influence of Ultrasound Parameters on Some Qualities of Frozen African Spinach

Consumption of fresh and healthy vegetables in our diets aids protection from chronic diseases in humans. This study determined the effects of ultrasound as a pre-treatment technique on vitamin C, beta-carotene contents, and the weight loss of frozen African spinach (Amaranthus hybridus), and thereafter compared with the control. All the samples except the control were subjected to the ultrasound effects before freezing at frequency, time, and power ranges of 40-120 kHz, 10-30 min, and 50-150 W respectively. Result obtained indicated that the maximum vitamin C (99.5%) was obtained from the sample stored for 5 days under the treatment condition of 40 kHz, 50 W, and 20 min. However, the same sample retained more vitamin C within 5-20 days’ storage, while the pre-treated sample at 80 kHz, 100 W, and 10 min retained the maximum (80.9%) at 25 days of storage. The sample under the treatment condition of 80 kHz, 100 W, and 20 min lost more vitamin C (67.6, 66.6, and 59.2%) between 15-25 storage days. While for the beta-carotene, the sample with the treatment condition of 40 kHz, 50 W, and 20 min before freezing had the highest retention (99.8%) when stored for 5 days, and the same sample retained more at 10, and 15 days than others (97.6, and 92.4%). All pre-treated samples retained more beta-carotene at 25 days of storage when compared to the control with the least retention between 15-25 days. Furthermore, the least obtained content from the pre-treated samples was 64.9%, that is, a sample treated at 80 kHz, 100 W, and 20 min. The result revealed that Amaranthus hybridus was best preserved in pre-treated Amaranthus hybridus leaves. The optimum quality response occurs at 80kHz and 50 W for 30 min. This gives a vitamin C content of 31.1 mg/100g and a Betacarotene content of 10.5 mg/g at 0.694 desirability.

The content of proximate, beta carotene, and organoleptic pumpkin mooncake as a snack to improve the immune system in the elderly

The elderly population continues to increase, so it is necessary to provide healthy foods that can boost their immune system, one of which is pumpkin. Pumpkin contains β-carotene, an antioxidant and anti-inflammatory to boost the immune system. This study aimed to develop pumpkin mooncakes for the elderly and analyze their proximate, beta-carotene, and organoleptic values. Research design uses the research and development (R&D) method with a 4D design, namely, defining, designing, developing, and disseminating. The study was conducted in Surakarta City in December 2021. Eighty older adults participated in the organoleptic test. Mooncake products were subjected to organoleptic examination and proximate analysis using the ANOVA test with a significance level of 95%. The results of the proximate analysis consisted of water content (38,91%), ash (0,74%), fat (5,80%), protein (2,20%), and carbohydrates (53,24%). The β-carotene content of the pumpkin mooncake increased by 28,42% compared to that of the reference product. The average liking was 4,69, and there was a difference in the level of panelists' liking for development and reference products (p= 0,020). In conclusion, pumpkin mooncake is a beneficial ingredient that supports the immune system. However, further research is needed to compare it with other healthy foods in the context of improving immunity in the elderly population.

Influence of Spraying Potassium, Sugar Alcohol, and Boron on Yield and Quality of Melon under Protected Cultivation

An experiment was conducted in one of the plastic houses at the Department of Horticulture, College of Agriculture, University of Anbar, during the spring season of 2023. The experiment was designed to investigate the effects of spraying with potassium, a combination of alcohol sugar (Sorbitol), and Boron on the yield and quality of melon under protected cultivation conditions. The study included two factors: the first factor was spraying with potassium at three concentrations: 0, 4, and 8 gm/L, and it was coded as K0, K1, and K2, respectively. The second factor was spraying with a combination of sorbitol and boron at five concentrations that were coded as T0, T1, T2, T3, and T4. Potassium was sprayed when 50% of the flowers appeared and until the fruit ripened at a rate of one spray per week. The combination of Boron and Sorbitol was sprayed on the plants at age of 6-8 true leaves with three times, two weeks interval between sprays. The experiment was conducted as a factorial experiment within a Complete Randomized Block Design with three replicates. The study showed that the second Potassium concentration K1 was superior and achieved the highest (fruit weight, number of fruits per plant, plant yield, and plastic house yield) of 1.238 kg, 3.887 (fruit plant-1), 4.827 (kg plant-1), and 5.793 (tons per house-1). This was compared to the lowest values achieved by the control plants, which were 1.100 kg, 3.533 (fruit plant-1), 3.900 (kg plant-1), and 5.386 (tons per greenhouse-1), respectively. The combination of boron and sorbitol had a significant effect on yield traits, as treatment T4 significantly achieved the highest values in fruit weight, number of fruits, and total greenhouse yield of 1.281 kg, 4.078 (fruit plant-1), 5.232 (kg plant-1) and 6.279 (tons greenhouse-1), compared to the control treatment, which gave the lowest values for the same traits of 1.109 kg, 3.243 (fruit plant-1), 3.604 (kg plant-1), and 4.324 (tons per greenhouse-1). Spraying plants with potassium, especially at level K1, led to a significant increase in fruit quality traits, including fruit pulp thickness, total sugar content, and beta-carotene content, and gave the highest values of 6.550 mm, 10.770 (%), and 10.770 (μg g-1 fresh weight), compared to the lowest values achieved by the control plants, which gave the lowest values of 35.815 mm, 0.7449 (%), and 19.300 (μg g-1 fresh weight) for the same traits, respectively. The combination of sorbitol and boron had a significant effect on fruit quality traits, as treatment T4 plants achieved the highest values for fruit pulp thickness, total sugar content, and beta-carotene content of 48.618 mm, 11.272 %, and 20.754 (μg g-1 fresh weight) compared to the lowest values achieved by the control plants, which were 48.618 mm, 9.434 %, and 19.020 (μg g-1 fresh weight) for the same traits, respectively.

Physicochemical and Sensory Properties of Tongka Langit Banana (Musa troglodytarum) Jam with Different Pectin Concentrations

<p><em>The substantial beta carotene content and health benefits of tongka langit bananas make them a popular constituent in processed food products, such as jam, which helps extend shelf life and diversifies processed tongka langit bananas. This study aimed to determine the optimal pectin concentration for the production of tongka langit banana </em><em>jam</em><em> </em><em>by analyzing its physicochemical and sensorial properties. Without the addition of pectin, tongka langit banana jam ha</em><em>d</em><em> the finest physicochemical and sensorial properties. The tongka langit banana jam had a moisture content of 52.90%, a vitamin C content of 46.05 mg/100g, a fiber content of 0.30%, a total sugar content of 35.10%, a total acid content of 3.55%, and a total dissolved solids content of 32.15°brix. It had the highest percentage of preference in almost all sensory categories, including taste, color, texture, and overall likeability, and had the characteristic, taste of tongka langit banana, faintly flavored with tongka langit banana, a yellow </em><em>color</em><em>, a soft texture, and a spreadability that </em><em>was</em><em> relatively simple.</em><em></em></p>

Preservation of Quality and Bioactive Compounds in Mangoes Using Chitosan-Graphene-Oxide-Based Biodegradable Packaging

Mango is a climacteric fruit that requires efficient postharvest technologies to maintain quality during storage and transportation. This study aimed to investigate the effect of biodegradable packaging from chitosan (CS) incorporated with graphene oxide (GO) on the quality, bioactive compounds and antioxidant activity of cold-stored ‘Tommy Atkins’ mangoes. Mangoes harvested at physiological maturity were stored without packaging or in CS, CS-GO or non-biodegradable polyethylene (PE) packaging at 12.0 °C and 89% relative humidity for 42 days. The results show that GO improved the water barrier and mechanical properties of CS packaging. All packaging delayed fruit ripening by reducing the respiration rate, mass loss, softening and changes in color, soluble solids, titratable acidity and beta-carotene content, also preserving the mangoes’ visual appearance. In addition, all packaging maintained higher ascorbic acid, yellow flavonoid, phenolic compounds and antioxidant activity levels in the fruit, compared to non-packed ones. Chitosan packaging is a promising, eco-friendly alternative for the preservation of quality, bioactive compounds and antioxidant activity of cold-stored ‘Tommy Atkins’ mangoes, extending their postharvest life by at least 14 days.

Influence of the genotype of the hen (Gallus gallus domesticus) on main parameters of egg quality, chemical composition of the eggs under uniform environmental conditions

The objective of this study was to identify and compare the quality characteristics and concentrations of various compounds in eggs from several pure breeds and lines of hens reared under the same environmental conditions and fed a commercial feed. A total of 280 hens aged 52 to 56 wk belonging to 14 different breeds or lines of hens worldwide were included in this study. Their eggs were characterized by wide differences in various egg quality parameters. Breeds and lines of hens with a higher lutein content in eggs were characterized by a lower beta-carotene content (e.g. Hy line brown, Cochin miniature, Ayam Cemani) (P < 0.001). Additionally, vitamin D, cholesterol, and fatty acid contents were also different between eggs, from 1.51 to 1.79 μg/100g; from 14.1 to 15.4 mg/g fat, PUFA from 19.6 to 22.8 g/100g fat, and SFA from 32.8 to 37.8 g/100g fat respectively (P < 0.001). Lysozyme content also exhibited significant variation among breeds, with some showing a 2-fold higher content in eggs compared to others (0.31% - cochin miniature, 0.66% Faverolle) (P < 0.001). Our study demonstrated that intensively selected hen breeds like Hy-line Brown Hybrid had an improved egg quality seen by the increase in many parameters (e.g., egg weight, Haugh unit, Lutein, vitamins D, MUFA) compared to pure breed hens. In conclusion, genetic differences between breeds and lines of hens have a significant impact on the quality of eggs.

Genetic Dissection for Yield and Fruit Quality Traits in Tomato (Lycopersicon esculentum Mill.)

The genetic variability for yield, its attributing, and fruit quality traits using 38 tomato genotypes was studied. High significant differences among the genotypes were found for all recorded traits. Phenotypic coefficient of variation was greater than genotypic coefficient of variation for all the traits indicating the presence of environmental influences. Most of the traits expressed moderate to high heritability. Plant height, number of seed/fruit, chlorophyll content in top leaf, red fruit weight, number of fruit/plant, soluble solid content in exocarp and endocarp of red fruit, titratable acidity of red fruit juice, lycopene content, beta-carotene and yield/plant had high heritability along with high genetic advance as percentage of the mean. Yield/plant exhibited a significant positive correlation with number of fruit/plant, number of flower/bunch, red fruit girth, red fruit length and red fruit weight. Path analysis revealed soluble solid content in endocarp of red fruit, number of fruit/plant, plant height, number of bunch/plant, number of flower/bunch, number of seed/fruit, green fruit length, red fruit girth, red fruit length, red fruit weight, lycopene and beta-carotene content had direct positive effect on yield/plant. Principal component analysis depicted first eight PCs with Eigen-value higher than one contributing 76.74% of total variability. Thirty-eight genotypes grouped into seven clusters where cluster II contains maximum genotypes. Based on the mean performance, genotypes Tm-131 and WOP-10 for yield and ascorbic acid content; Puli-25, VI005584 and Tm-2 for total soluble solids; VI-063607 and VI-0337183 for lycopene and beta-carotene content may be considered as superior genotypes which can be used as potential genetic resources for the development of nutritionally rich high-yielding tomato variety.

Accelerating the healing of hard-to-heal wounds with food supplements: nutritional analysis in the Côte d'Ivoire.

Hard-to-heal wounds are an important, yet often neglected, public health issue in low- and middle-income countries (LMICs). Malnutrition has been identified as a risk factor for prolonged healing times. However, nutritional supplements are not routinely provided for patients with hard-to-heal wounds, and so this study aimed to investigate their benefits. This 9-month study was conducted in the Taabo Health and Demographic Surveillance System in the south-central part of Côte d'Ivoire. Patients with wounds (≥30mm2) were recruited. Treatment was standardised for inpatients (72%) and outpatients (28%). There were three intervention groups: supplemented with soy; orange flesh sweet potato (OFSP); or both. Another group was included without supplement, serving as control. General linear models were employed to assess the effects of log initial wound size, type of wound, food treatment group, haemoglobin, sex, age, place of treatment and body mass index on the rate of wound closure. The cohort consisted of 56 patients, 41 of whom were placed in intervention groups, and the remainder as controls. Within the cohort, 37 (66%) patients suffered from Buruli ulcer, 15 (27%) from traumatic wounds and four (7%) from erysipelas. We found a significant effect (p=0.004) of diet supplemented with OFSP on the wound healing rate. OFSP is a nutritional rehabilitation supplement, characterised by a high content of beta-carotene and carbohydrates. It is associated with shortened wound healing times, reduced discomfort and reduced cost of wound care. Further research should investigate the effect of a diet rich in beta-carotene, in combination with standard medical care, on hard-to-heal wound healing in LMICs.

Sex-based assessment of nutrient composition in fluted pumpkin (Telfairia occidentalis Hook. F)

Fluted pumpkin (Telfairia occidentalis Hook. F), is an under-utilized leafy vegetable cultivated and consumed for its valuable nutrients and minerals playing a crucial role in combating micronutrient deficiencies. This shrub is dioecious, exhibiting distinct differences in sexual morphology. The study aims to contrast the phytochemicals, physico-chemical and mineral profiles of the female and male fluted pumpkin leaves. Seedlings of fluted pumpkin were evaluated at National Horticultural Research Institute (NIHORT), Ibadan, Nigeria using a randomized complete block design with three replications. Fresh leaves were harvested at flowering from identified male and female vines for nutrient composition analysis. Beta-carotene, sodium and fibre content were notably higher in female leaves, whereas vitamin C, minerals, and anti-nutrients were more abundant in the male leaves. The concentrations of phenolic, flavonoid, vitamin C, tannin, saponin, and certain minerals emerged as the most influential factors for distinguishing between the sexes. Hence, leaves from both sexes can contribute to an enhanced diet as both sexes harbor valuable genetic traits that could be harnessed for the nutrient improvement of fluted pumpkin varieties.

Pengaruh Penambahan Sari Wortel (Daucus carrota L.) terhadap Karakteristik Marshmallow

&#x0D; &#x0D; &#x0D; Marshmallows, a chewy candy made from sugar, water, flavoring, and gelatin, are traditionally manufactured using artificial coloring. To enhance their safety for consumption, there's a shift towards natural ingredients as replacements for artificial dyes. Among these ingredients, carrots stand out as a potential source of natural dye. This study aims to investigate the optimal concentration of carrot puree addition to marshmallow production for desired characteristics. A Complete Randomized Design was employed, involving six carrot juice addition levels: P1 (50% carrot juice), P2 (60% carrot juice), P3 (70% carrot juice), P4 (80% carrot juice), P5 (90% carrot juice), and P6 (100% carrot juice). Each treatment was replicated three times, resulting in 18 experimental units. The collected data were subjected to analysis of variance using the SPSS program at a significance level of ?=5%. Post hoc analysis was conducted using Duncan's Multiple Range Test if significant effects were observed. The findings highlighted the substantial impact of carrot juice addition on various marshmallow attributes, including ash and moisture content, reduction sugar content, beta carotene content, color and texture analysis, as well as sensory characteristics like taste and overall acceptance. The optimal treatment emerged as 70% carrot juice (P3), exhibiting key attributes such as moisture content (18.45%), ash content (0.39%), reduction sugar content (10.93%), total beta carotene (254.70 mg/100g), L value* (64), a* (31.40), and b* (49.10). The marshmallow's chewiness texture was rated at 2.10 N, displaying a preferred orange color, desired chewy texture, favored carrot flavor, distinct carrot aroma, and overall acceptance were liked.&#x0D; &#x0D; &#x0D;

Performance Evaluation of Different Storage Technologies on Storage Stability of White-Coloured Sweet Potato Roots Under Farmers’ Conditions in Tanzania

Sweet potatoes' high perishability after harvesting is one of the major factors limiting their potential. This is exacerbated by the lack of appropriate storage methods. This study aimed to evaluate different storage technologies for the storage stability of white-coloured sweet potato roots under farmers’ conditions in Tanzania. The study was carried out at the Crop Science laboratory at Sokoine University of Agriculture (SUA) for 77 days in a completely randomized experimental design. The experiment included four treatments: improved traditional raised, woven Polypropylene Bags, bamboo buckets, and ventilated bags. Each treatment was replicated three times. Physiological loss in weight, hardness, total soluble solids, colour, and beta-carotene content were measured at the Food Science laboratory at SUA during the experiment storage period. Analysis of variance and comparison of means for the sample collection was performed using GenStat® Executable release 16 Statistical Analysis Software. White-coloured sweet potato roots stored in ventilated bags and the improved traditional raised platform resulted in a weight loss of 49.4% and 68.7%, respectively. It was also observed that the improved traditional raised platform had a significantly high total soluble content /concentration, with a value of 21.27% while Ventilated bags resulted in a Total soluble solid content of 17.02 %, which was significantly low. Furthermore, results show that Ventilated bags had the lowest beta carotene content (8.72 µg/g) compared to other treatments. The findings of this study strongly suggest that storing white-coloured sweet potato roots in ventilated bags is an appropriate method. In the context of the current study, further research on different sweet potato roots packaging materials is recommended

Pengaruh Perbandingan Jagung Manis dan Kacang Tanah Terhadap Karakteristik Susu Jagung Modifikasi

&#x0D; &#x0D; &#x0D; This study aimed to determine the effect of the sweet corn and peanut ratio on the characteristics of modified corn milk and to find out the right amount of sweet corn and peanuts to obtain the best characteristics of the modified corn milk. The experimental design used was a completely randomized design with the comparison of sweet corn and peanuts as a treatment which consisted of 6 levels, namely: 100%:0%, 90%:10%, 80%:20%, 70%:30%, 60% :40%, and 50%:50%. The treatment was repeated 3 times, resulting in 18 experimental units. The data obtained were analyzed by analysis of Variance, and if the treatment had a significant effect, it would be continued with the Duncan Multiple Range test. The results showed that the comparison of sweet corn and peanuts had a significant effect on moisture content, ash content, protein content, fat content, carbohydrate content, total solids content, crude fiber content, beta carotene, hedonic test (color, aroma and overall acceptance) and scoring test (color, aroma and taste). However, it had no significant effect on the hedonic taste test. The best characteristics were obtained from the ratio of 70% sweet corn: 30% peanuts with the criteria of water content 85.32%, moisture content 0.11%, protein content 2.76%, fat content 6.43%, carbohydrate content 5.63%, total solids content 14.68 %, crude fiber content of 2.26% and beta carotene content of 0.08% as well as the sensory properties of the hedonic test the color was favored with the criteria of white and slightly yellow, the aroma and taste were typical of peanuts and overall acceptance was liked.&#x0D; &#x0D; &#x0D;

Pengaruh Perbandingan Jagung Manis dan Kacang Tanah Terhadap Karakteristik Susu Jagung Modifikasi

&#x0D; &#x0D; &#x0D; This study aimed to determine the effect of the sweet corn and peanut ratio on the characteristics of modified corn milk and to find out the right amount of sweet corn and peanuts to obtain the best characteristics of the modified corn milk. The experimental design used was a completely randomized design with the comparison of sweet corn and peanuts as a treatment which consisted of 6 levels, namely: 100%:0%, 90%:10%, 80%:20%, 70%:30%, 60% :40%, and 50%:50%. The treatment was repeated 3 times, resulting in 18 experimental units. The data obtained were analyzed by analysis of Variance, and if the treatment had a significant effect, it would be continued with the Duncan Multiple Range test. The results showed that the comparison of sweet corn and peanuts had a significant effect on moisture content, ash content, protein content, fat content, carbohydrate content, total solids content, crude fiber content, beta carotene, hedonic test (color, aroma and overall acceptance) and scoring test (color, aroma and taste). However, it had no significant effect on the hedonic taste test. The best characteristics were obtained from the ratio of 70% sweet corn: 30% peanuts with the criteria of water content 85.32%, moisture content 0.11%, protein content 2.76%, fat content 6.43%, carbohydrate content 5.63%, total solids content 14.68 %, crude fiber content of 2.26% and beta carotene content of 0.08% as well as the sensory properties of the hedonic test the color was favored with the criteria of white and slightly yellow, the aroma and taste were typical of peanuts and overall acceptance was liked.&#x0D; &#x0D; &#x0D;

Improving the Beta-carotene Content of Carrots through Process Optimization

Response surface methodology was used to optimize the process conditions (blanching and drying) on the beta-carotene content of carrots. Carrots were washed, peeled, diced, blanched and dried at various temperature ranges. The nutritional composition of the fresh and dried samples was determined using standard methods. A three-factor central composite rotatable design (CCRD) was used to study the effects of blanching time (X1), blanching temperature (X2) and drying temperature (X3) on the beta-carotene content of carrot. Fourteen experimental combinations were produced with six replicates at the centre point to generate twenty (20) runs. The carrot was blanched at a temperature range of 60-800C for 2-5 minutes and dried at a temperature ranging between 50-700C. The result obtained indicated that the beta-carotene content of fresh carrot was 5738 µg. The processed carrots ranged from 2478 µg to 1060 µg. It was observed that carrot processed for 2 mins (blanching time), at 800C (blanching temperature) and 500C (dryingtemperature) produced the highest beta-carotene. The experimental data was fitted to a second-order polynomial equation using multiple regression analysis and the quadratic model was highly significant (p&lt;0.05).

Formulation of an Improved Nutritional Quality Composite Flour for Bakery Products Using Wheat and Sologold Sweet Potato

The formulation of high nutritional quality composite flour for use in producing bakery products is essential and advantageous health wise to consumers of these products. Therefore in this study, various formulated ratios (0:100, 10:90, 20:80, 30:70, 40:60, 50:50, 60:40, 70:30, 80:20, 90:10, and 100:0 denoted as A2, B9, B8, B7, B6, B5, B4, B3, B2, B1 and A1 respectively) of wheat and sologold sweet potato flour were made. The pure wheat A1 and pure sologold sweet potato A2 served as basis of assessing the nutritional contribution of sologold sweet potato flour at various ratios with wheat flour. The proximate properties, mineral, vitamins and beta carotene were determined in the various ratios formulated. More so, the best blend was selected based on desirability index of the formulated composite flours. Results revealed that B6 (40% wheat and 60% sologold sweet potato) had the highest desirability index of 0.65164. Hence, was selected as the best blend (composite) flour. The nutritional profile of the chosen B6 sample are as follows: moisture content (10.12%), crude fiber (3.21%), ash content (2.61%), protein content (5.80%), oil extract (5.20%), NFE (74.10%), sodium (0.13mg/g), calcium (2.08mg/g), magnesium (0.07mg/g), potassium (2.14mg/g), vitamin C (0.30µg/g), Vitamin A (24.6µg/g) and beta-carotene content (27.5µg/g). This profile showed valuable positive impact of sologold sweet potato flour on the nutritional characteristics of the developed B6 composite flour. Comparison of the blend B6 with some existing formulated composite flours, revealed that the developed composite flour B6 will likely have added advantage to the well-being of those that will consume its bakery products. Thus the B6 Blend (composite) flour is recommended for use in baking.

Genetic variability and correlation studies of yield and yield related attributes in BC2F2 population of sweet corn

The present study was carried out to study the genetic variability, heritability, genetic advance as percent of mean, correlation, skewness, and kurtosis of the backcross population BC2F2 derived from the cross SCM-Se-Sh-2 × DBT 17. High heritability coupled with high genetic advance was observed for cob girth, number of kernels per row, cob weight, 100 grain weight and single plant yield, suggesting additive gene action and selection of progenies based on this trait will result in higher genetic gain. Association studies showed that single plant yield was positively correlated with all yield attributes, viz., cob weight, number of kernels per row, 100 grain weight and plant height. These results depicted that cob weight, numbers of kernels per row and 100 grain weight may be used as reliable criteria for improving grain yield. Single plant yield, 100 grain weight, cob weight and plant height showed positive skewness and platykurtic distribution. This indicates that traits are governed by a large number of genes, and most of the genes exhibited complementary gene action, suggesting rigorous selection to achieve genetic gain. Overall, it is seen that this population has potential for yield improvement with enriched beta-carotene content.