Good Strategy For Development Research Articles

Sosialisasi Penerapan Metode SWOT Pada Perancangan Strategi Daya Saing Terminal Kendaraan Pelabuhan Patimban

Motorized vehicles are one of Indonesia's leading products, which every year experience an increase in distribution flows between regions. Sea transportation has an important role in the distribution of motorized vehicles. Therefore, adequate port infrastructure is needed. Patimban Port is one of the National Strategy Projects during the reign of President Joko Widodo based on the Decree of the Minister of Transportation No. 87 of 2017 concerning the Port Master Plan which aims to reduce logistics costs and is expected to increase the competitiveness of ports in Indonesia. Currently Patimban Port does not have a good development strategy. This is one of the problems in efforts to improve port competitiveness. The method of presentation is carried out using the zoom provided by the Lecturers of the Trisakti Institute of Transportation and Logistics (ITL) which aims to provide an explanation of port development, port competitiveness and the SWOT method. The results of this community service prove that the presentation of PkM material is very useful and overall implementation has been very good and very appropiate to the industry situation.

Unraveling the Mysteries of Acute Flaccid Myelitis: Scientific Opportunities and Priorities for Future Research.

Since 2014, cases of acute flaccid myelitis (AFM) have been reported in the United States in increasing numbers biennially, occurring in the late summer and early fall. Although there is unlikely to be a single causative agent of this syndrome, non-polio enteroviruses, including enterovirus D-68 (EV-D68), have had epidemiological and laboratory associations with AFM. Much remains to be known about AFM and AFM-associated enteroviruses, including disease pathogenesis and the best strategies for development of therapeutics or preventive modalities including vaccines. To catalyze research that addresses these scientific and clinical gaps, the National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases convened a workshop entitled "AFM Preparedness: Addressing EV-D68 and Other AFM-Associated Enteroviruses" on 19-20 February 2020.

Determination of the best strategies for development of organic farming: A SWOT – Fuzzy Analytic Network Process approach

Organic farming pursues sustainable agricultural development and improves the sustainability of food systems. Hence, policy makers and researchers around the world tried to develop it focusing on some factors and large areas. However, organic farmlands have been recently decreasing in some countries. The goal of this study is to determine the best strategies for development of organic farming based on comprehensive factors affecting organic farming, considering the interdependence among them under the uncertainty in the decision-making environment with a focus on Iran’s Khorasan Razavi province, a country suffering from a decrease in organic farmland. In this study, Strengths, Weaknesses, Opportunities, and Threats (SWOT) analysis, fuzzy theory, and Analytic Network Process (ANP) method were utilized. Based on interview with 20 organic farming experts and the SWOT analysis, 28 factors affecting organic farming were identified and nine possible strategies for organic farming development were defined. The results of fuzzy and ANP methods indicated that developing consumers’ awareness programs is the best strategy with the priority of 0.276, followed by creating a competitive market for organic products, and planning to teach the principles of organic farming with the priority of 0.262 and 0.230, respectively. The findings provide guidelines for decision makers involved in organic farming development.

Not only sale of wood: diversification of sources of revenues in selected european public forest enterprises

Abstract Economic viability of forestry is one of the key pillars of sustainable forest management and a basis for maintaining forests and their multiple benefits for the society. It may be achieved by, inter alia, diversification of sources of income in forest management. The aim of the article is to analyse sources of revenues of state-owned forest enterprises (holdings) in selected European countries and ongoing changes in this respect in recent years. In the paper, we analyse the structure of revenues of state forest enterprises in Poland, Germany (with the examples of Bavaria and Lower Saxony) and Austria; however, particular attention is paid to the State Forests National Forest Holding in Poland, which is the largest state-owned forest holding in the European Union (EU) in terms of area of forests. The study is based on document content analysis methodology (desk research), including annual reports published by forest enterprises, statistical data and also legal regulations. The analysis shows that while revenues from the sale of wood are the main source of income of forest enterprises, some of them are seeking to diversify their sources of revenues. The Austrian Federal Forests can serve as an example of a good development strategy based on diversified sources of income. Also, the Lower Saxony State Forest company, which is approximately 60% dependent on the sale of wood, undertakes other activities, including real estate management, hunting and recreational services. Our study shows that both the State Forests National Forest Holding and the Bavarian State Forests Enterprise are based on timber harvest and sale to a large extent. We conclude that as regards the State Forests Holding in Poland, the possibility of expanding and diversifying commercial activities should become a subject of discussion among foresters, decision makers and politicians.

The role of SMEs development on poverty alleviation in Nigeria

The role of SMEs development on poverty alleviation has been a core element of the current report. This study examined the role of small and medium enterprises on poverty eradication in Nigeria. Two research questions were posed for the study and two hypotheses formulated in line with the objectives. One hundred and forty two (142) questionnaires were administered randomly to the entire employee population of the SME companies that are registered with SMEDAN in Lagos Nigeria. The sample size was determined using Yamane formula. The data was analysed using manual and electronic based methods with the aid of data preparation grid and statistical package for the social sciences, (SPSS) statistical package version 21.0. The study made use of statistical tools which include: analysis of variance (ANOVA), correlation efficient and regression analysis in testing hypotheses where applicable. Therefore, the study found out that SME development affects poverty alleviation and also Training organized by SMEDAN affects SMEs employment creation. It was discovered that the small and medium enterprises provided employment opportunities, training ground, harnesses utilization of local resources and also acts as a pillar hold of a nation, Nigeria inclusive. The study concluded that a good development strategy if employed by these SMEs will grow to large-scale capital intensive. The study recommends that SMEs should source their loans from the financial institutions where interest rates are low.

Comparative And Competitive Advantage Agribusiness Of Jawa Brebes Cattle (Jabres) In Brebes Regency

The development of Jabres cattle is very important to increase the population of Jabres cattle in Brebes. There needs to be a good developmentstrategy so that Jabres cattle can have a higher competitiveness. The purpose of this research is to know the level of comparative and competitive advantages agribusiness of Jabres cattle known from the value of Domestic Resources Cost Ratio (DRCR) and Private Cost Ratio (PCR), and to determine the priorities of the development strategy Agribusiness of Jabres cattle uses the method of Analytical Hierarchy Process (AHP) with Expert Choice program. The results show that the DRCR value is 0.97 and PCR is worth 0.96, it indicates that Cow Jabres has a comparative and competitive advantage so that it can be competitiveness at the national level. Based on the Anaytical Hierarchy Process analysis that has been done, obtained the results that the most important strategy priority used to develop the agribusiness of Jabres cattle in Brebes is by increased effectiveness in livestock maintenance.

Marketing management as a strategic part of sustainable development in the conditions of rural tourism in Slovakia

While the rural tourism is widespread in the world, in Slovakia has just started to develop in recent years. Rural tourism supports small and medium-sized enterprises, with profits remaining in the region. A challenge for ensuring sustainable development in rural areas is to cover the development needs of the community. Rural tourism has been indicated as a good development strategy for Slovak rural areas. It is a great opportunity for those who not only love the region but also are interested in its comprehensive development- in the form of providing services. These strategic goals cannot be achieved without modern approaches and forms of marketing management. Destination management fully supported by the right marketing principles is the only way how to increase income from tourism and enhance the region. The main aim of this paper is to point out the importance of marketing in the process of the sustainable rural tourism development. Key findings indicate that marketing provides the guidance and ideas for further improvements in the sector of rural tourism.

Codon optimization of antigen coding sequences improves the immune potential of DNA vaccines against avian influenza virus H5N1 in mice and chickens

BackgroundHighly pathogenic avian influenza viruses are a serious threat to domestic poultry and can be a source of new human pandemic and annual influenza strains. Vaccination is the main strategy of protection against influenza, thus new generation vaccines, including DNA vaccines, are needed. One promising approach for enhancing the immunogenicity of a DNA vaccine is to maximize its expression in the immunized host.MethodsThe immunogenicity of three variants of a DNA vaccine encoding hemagglutinin (HA) from the avian influenza virus A/swan/Poland/305-135V08/2006 (H5N1) was compared in two animal models, mice (BALB/c) and chickens (broilers and layers). One variant encoded the wild type HA while the other two encoded HA without proteolytic site between HA1 and HA2 subunits and differed in usage of synonymous codons. One of them was enriched for codons preferentially used in chicken genes, while in the other modified variant the third position of codons was occupied in almost 100 % by G or C nucleotides.ResultsThe variant of the DNA vaccine containing almost 100 % of the GC content in the third position of codons stimulated strongest immune response in two animal models, mice and chickens. These results indicate that such modification can improve not only gene expression but also immunogenicity of DNA vaccine.ConclusionEnhancement of the GC content in the third position of the codon might be a good strategy for development of a variant of a DNA vaccine against influenza that could be highly effective in distant hosts, such as birds and mammals, including humans.Electronic supplementary materialThe online version of this article (doi:10.1186/s12985-016-0599-y) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.

Advantages and Limits for Tourism Development in Rural Area (Case Study Ampoi and Mureş Valleys)

Abstract Rural areas have been modified during centuries of agriculture practice and, in the last decades, of other economic activities like mineral extractions and processing industry, including also touristic activity. A challenge for ensuring sustainable development in rural areas is to cover the development needs of the community. Tourism has been indicated as a good development strategy for Romanian rural areas. The article is presenting the advantages and limits in supporting touristic activity in the framework of Leader approach at the level of a Local Group of Action in Romania, Alba and Hunedoara Counties. Leader approach is offering limited support for rural area in order to encourage cultural activities, architecture rehabilitation, valorizing natural landscape and rural tourism. Through its direct and indirect impacts, tourism attracts significant foreign exchange, investment and know-how and stimulates the local economy, with a significant multiplier effect on many other areas of the economy. In the same time, it has to be paid a great attention to the effects generated upon the rural communities by the tourists’ activities. Certainly, tourism development should be considered with all financial, material and human efforts that have to be done in order to support it. Tourism development in rural area should be strategically planned and its negative effects on nature and social-cultural environment of tourism areas should be limited.

Columnar assembly and successive heating of colloidal 2D nanomaterials on graphene as an efficient strategy for new anode materials in lithium ion batteries: the case of In2S3 nanoplates

This study shows that heat-treatment of colloidal inorganic nanoplates with columnar assembly under argon is a good strategy for development of anode materials. The heating of colloidal In2S3 nanoplates under argon resulted in the formation of film-like materials through interconnection of plates in a side by side manner. When the columnarly assembled colloidal In2S3 plates were heated at 400 °C under argon for 2 hours on graphene, more efficient anode materials with smaller diameters were obtained. Interestingly, the heat-treated columnarly assembled In2S3 plates on graphene had a layered structure, which was attributed to the possible existence of carbon materials between plates formed by the heat-treatment of surfactants under argon. The resultant graphene–In2S3 composites showed enhanced discharge capacities, up to 716–837 mA h g−1, as well as excellent stabilities. In addition, the materials showed promising coulombic efficiencies and rate performances. We believe that, based on the strategy in this work, diverse graphene–inorganic nanomaterial composites with a layered structure can be prepared and applied as new anode materials in lithium ion batteries.

Tourism Development and Local Communities: The Direct Benefits of Tourism to OvaHimba Communities in the Kaokoland, Northwest Namibia

The tourism industry has the potential to provide major benefits to destinations. In Namibia tourism is seen as a good strategy for development, but tourism-based growth does not automatically lead to a socioeconomic development in peripheral communities. The purpose of this article is to evaluate the quantity of local-level benefits from tourism in peripheral community contexts and discuss the possibilities of local communities to participate, control, and guide tourism-based growth and development. The empirical case involves two OvaHimba communities located in Kaokoland, Northwest Namibia. The selected communities value tourism but, in a monetary value, the direct benefits of tourism are still rather modest and there is a need to develop a more transparent benefit-sharing model for tourism businesses operating and collaborating directly with the OvaHimba communities in Kaokoland.

3.3.1 A3 Architecture Overviews: Focusing architectural knowledge to support evolution of complex systems*

AbstractCreating complex systems from scratch is time consuming and costly, therefore a good development strategy often chosen by companies is to evolve existing systems. The understanding that a company has about the impact change has on the system determines its ability to cope with system evolution. Reuse of knowledge and experience becomes therefore, essential. Complex systems are usually the result of a multidisciplinary team, which means that an effective way to capture, organize and present this knowledge, in a fashion that can be used by different disciplines and departments is crucial. Typically, some of this knowledge is present in the form of text documents. However, much of that knowledge is usually lost or hidden, especially in long‐lived systems. This leads to unexpected problems that could be prevented if the company had reused the knowledge it already has.In this paper system evolution barriers are discussed, and a method to cope with them is provided. Some companies such as Toyota have already identified the advantages of using an A3 approach2 to capture and share knowledge. We share this idea and take it several steps further. A method, based on the creation of ‘A3 Architecture Overviews’ is proposed to capture and share architectural knowledge. The method is the result of the work carried at Philips Healthcare MRI Group. We show that the proposed method to capture architectural knowledge provides an effective framework to support decision making when evolving complex systems.

Nitrate reductase activity (NRA) in Asphodelus aestivus Brot. (Liliaceae): distribution among organs, seasonal variation and differences among populations

Nitrate reductase activity (NRA) in different compartments (leaves, inflorescence stalks, flowers and tuberous roots) of Asphodelus aestivus Brot. (Liliaceae) and actual mineral nitrogen (NO 3 −-N and NH 4 +-N) in soil surrounding the roots were investigated over one year. Although the highest NRA was found in the leaves, the other plant compartments, such as flowers and tuberous roots, also have nitrate assimilation capacity. High nitrate assimilation capacity under suitable conditions is considered to be a good strategy for development and dominance of this species in Mediterranean environments. There was a seasonal variation in nitrate assimilation in leaves and actual NO 3 −-N content of soils. Depending on actual nitrate content of soils, nitrate assimilation increased in winter.

Use of Simple Stochastic Models for North Sea Field-Development Decisions

This article, written by Assistant Technology Editor Karen Bybee, contains highlights of paper SPE 97177, "From Geological Knowledge to Good Decisions Using Simple Stochastic Models, A North Sea Case Study," by K. Hollund, SPE, R. Hauge, SPE, and A.R. Syversveen, Norwegian Computing Center, and A. Jorstad, T. Lie, SPE, and H.C. Ronnevik, Lundin Norway A/S, prepared for the 2005 SPE Annual Technical Conference and Exhibition, Dallas, 9–12 October. The full-length paper details the stochastic model that was built to support decisions in the early phases of development of the Alvheim field. The model made it possible to explore important upside potential in geophysical evaluations and determine if and in what sequence additional wells should be drilled. An improved understanding of the value of different drilling strategies was gained by studying distributions for in-place oil and gas volumes for various scenarios. Introduction The approach to decisions detailed in the full-length paper is based on standard Bayesian decision theory that assigns a loss function to different decisions and then makes a decision rule on the basis of this loss function and the distribution of possible outcomes. The first step is universal in decision theory, and the second step is specifically Bayesian. Benefits of a simplified model include speed, flexibility, and ease of explanation. The challenge was to turn relatively small Paleocene structures consisting of unproven prospects and proven oil and gas reserves into a field development with a good economic performance. All field-development partners agreed that modeling the uncertainties of field development was important for establishing a good development strategy. The full-length paper details a simplified stochastic model built with a standard spreadsheet program and a Monte Carlo add-in to support decisions about the number and individual structures to be drilled. An improved understanding of the value of different appraisal strategies was gained by studying in-place oil and gas volumes for various scenarios. The model makes it possible to quickly compare expected values, uncertainty ranges, and other key variables for various scenarios. Alvheim Field The Alvheim field is in the PL203 License in the Norwegian North Sea and extends into the neighboring PL088 and PL036 Licenses. The field consists of three principal oil and gas discoveries—Kneler, Kameleon, and Boa—each of which contain hydrocarbons in good-quality Paleocene sandstones. A series of smaller accumulations that currently are not part of the development (Fig. 1) also occur in the area. In 1974, the first discovery in the area was a gas/oil accumulation in the Gekko structure that was drilled on the basis of 2D-seismic-data interpretation to test the extension of the Heimdal field. Oil and gas were found but were not considered economically feasible to develop. A small oil accumulation, Kobra, was found in 1997, and the gas/oil accumulation in the Kameleon structure was discovered in 1998. After this, the area lay dormant until it was acquired by the current operator in 2001.

Superoxide dismutase 1 protects retinal cells from oxidative damage

Bolstering the endogenous oxidative damage defense system is a good strategy for development of treatments to combat neurodegenerative diseases in which oxidative damage plays a role. A first step in such treatment development is to determine the role of various components of the defense system in cells that degenerate. In this study, we sought to determine the role of superoxide dismutase 1 (SOD1) in two models of oxidative damage-induced retinal degeneration. In one model, paraquat is injected into the vitreous cavity and then enters retinal cells and generates reactive oxygen species (ROS) that cause progressive retinal damage. Assessment of retinal function with serial electroretinograms (ERGs) showed that sod1 -/- mice were much more sensitive than sod1 +/+ mice to the damaging effects of paraquat, while sod1 +/- mice showed intermediate sensitivity. Compared to sod1 +/+ mice, sod1 -/- mice showed greater paraquat-induced oxidative damage and apoptosis. In the second model, mice were exposed to hyperoxia for several weeks, and sod1 -/- mice showed significantly greater reductions in ERG amplitudes than sod1 +/+ mice. In both of these models, transgenic mice carrying a sod1 transgene driven by a beta-actin promoter showed less oxidative stress-induced reduction in ERG amplitudes. These data demonstrate that SOD1 protects retinal cells against paraquat- and hyperoxia-induced oxidative damage and suggest that overexpression of SOD1 should be considered as one component of ocular gene therapy to prevent oxidative damage-induced retinal degeneration.

Chromopore-Linked Conducting Polymers Attached to Semiconductor Surfaces: A Strategy for Development of Dye-Sensitized Solar Cells

It is suggested that attaching chromopores to a conducting polymer chain anchored to a semiconductor surface is a good strategy for development of dye-sensitized solar cells. A model system that illustrates this principle is constructed by bonding mercurochrome to poly(vinyl alcohol) films adsorbed onto nanocrystalline TiO2 films. The dye-polymer structure enables transport of electrons (released in excitation of the dye) along the polymer chain to TiO2 as states in the lowest unoccupied molecular orbital of the polymer. By attaching several chromopores to a polymer chain, panchromatic sensitization can be achieved in principle by avoiding concentration quenching and the insulation by thick dye layers.

The Female World from a Global Perspective

The Female World from a Global Perspective

Application of a physically-based distributed parameter model for arid-zone surface-groundwater management

A conjunctive use study was conducted for the management of surface- and groundwater in the coastal aquifers of the Red Sea coast in Saudi Arabia. The objective of this study was to investigate the conceptual feasibility of implementing a good development strategy of surface- and groundwater in the region. The arid hydrology of the region and the agronomic practices and traditions of water allocation unique to the region required the design and development of a special model. A previous paper presented the analytical and numerical procedures that were used in the design and development of this model. This paper discusses the application of the developed model to conduct a case study in the Wadi Jizan aquifer in Saudi Arabia. Four development strategies based on three surface-water development schemes and two groundwater development schemes were designed. The model was used to simulate the physical and operational behavior of the system for a 17-yr. study period. The strategies were evaluated with respect to their effects on the surface-water system which consists of the wadi, distribution canals and farms, the groundwater system which consists of the unsaturated and saturated zones of the aquifers, and the agronomic system which includes all the components which deals with the use of water for crop production. The study results show that properly designed conjunctive management strategies which make use of the aquifer for storage of excess flood water could be effectively used to conserve and develop the limited freshwater supplies in the region to increase agricultural production.

Design of a physically-based distributed parameter model for arid-zone surface-groundwater management

A conjunctive-use study was conducted for the management of surface- and groundwater in the coastal aquifers of the Red Sea coast in Saudi Arabia. The objective of this study was to investigate the conceptual feasibility of implementing a good development strategy of surface- and groundwater in the region. The arid hydrology of the region and the agronomic practices and traditions of water allocation unique to the region required the design and development of a special model. This paper presents the analytical and numerical procedures that were used in the design of this special management oriented hydrologic model of the surface-groundwater system. The model was developed in three components, namely: (1) the surface-water conveyance model; (2) aquifer unsaturated flow model; and (3) the aquifer saturated flow model. A storage routing technique was used to model the surface flows in the wadi. Numerical techniques based on Green and Ampt type of solutions were used to model the vertical flow in the aquifer unsaturated zone. The flow in the saturated zone of the aquifer was modeled using the discrete-kernel approach of groundwater modeling. The complete model of the physical system was obtained by combining the three model components with the proper modeling of their dynamic interactions.