Good Prevention Practices Research Articles

KNOWLEDGE, ATTITUDES, AND PRACTICES REGARDING COVID-19 PREVENTION AMONG MEDICAL STUDENTS OF CAN THO UNIVERSITY OF MEDICINE AND PHARMACY

Background: The COVID-19 pandemic has been affecting all over the world; medical students are a successor force, providing great support to the prevention of the COVID-19 pandemic. Objectives: to assess the completeness of knowledge, attitudes, and practices of COVID19 prevention as well as utilize factors influencing the good practices of medical students at Can Tho University of Medicine and Pharmacy. Materials and methods: A 2-week cross-sectional study (from October 1 to October 15, 2021) was conducted among 729 of 4th and 6th – year medical students at Can Tho University of Medicine and Pharmacy through an online survey with a set of 36 questions. Results: The score of the Fear of COVID-19 Scale was moderately high (17.61±4.55). The percentage of students with good general knowledge (overall score ≥11) was 56.2%. Approximately 97.5% of the participants had positive attitudes about complying with disease prevention measures. There were 94.2% of students had good practices with preventive measures. The study showed that 2 factors related to good practices were good sufficient knowledge and positive attitudes (p<0.05). Students with sufficient knowledge and positive attitudes performed better than students with insufficient knowledge and negative attitudes by 2.4 times (95% confidence interval: 1.18-4.8) and 7.2 times (95% confidence interval: 2.5-21.9), respectively. Conclusions: The majority of students had enough knowledge (56.2%), positive attitudes (97.5%) and good practices (94.2%) in COVID-19 prevention. High FCV-19S, females, sufficient knowledge, and positive attitudes had a significant correlation with good practices.

Knowledge, Attitude, and Practice toward Prevention of COVID-19 Among Nursing and Midwifery Students: A cross-sectional Study in Gorgan, Northern Iran

Background: Healthcare providers are high-risk groups for the novel coronavirus disease (COVID-19) infection. Nursing students are an essential part of high-risk healthcare providers. The aim of this study was to evaluate the knowledge, attitude, and practice of nursing and midwifery students at Golestan University of Medical Sciences (GOUMS) toward the prevention of COVID-19.
 Methods: This cross-sectional study was conducted on 174 nursing and midwifery students of GOUMS (northeast of IRAN) in 2020. Data were gathered using an online questionnaire comprising three parts – Knowledge (8 questions), Attitude (10 questions), and Practice (8 questions) toward the prevention of COVID-19. The range of scores in each subscale (knowledge, attitude, and preventive practices) were 8–24, 10–50, and 8–24, respectively. Data were analyzed using the SPSS v.16 software. The Mann–Whitney and Kruskal–Wallis tests were used for the analysis.
 Results: Overall, in this study, nursing and midwifery students had a good knowledge (mean score: 23.19 ± 2.56), a positive attitude (mean score: 45.48 ± 4.21), and appropriate practice (mean score: 23.30 ± 3.51) regarding COVID-19 prevention. Also, the results revealed a positive correlation between knowledge and attitude (r = 0.1, P = 0.18) and attitude and practice (r = 0.2, P = 0.01) among the students.
 Conclusion: The findings demonstrated a good preventive knowledge, attitude, and practice toward COVID-19 among nursing and midwifery students.

Loss of Data Control Scenarios and Best Data Loss Prevention (DLP) Practices

Humans (employees in an organizational context) still remain the weakest link in cybersecurity and data loss. Employees can become a data vulnerability for an organization in a number of ways, i.e., copying data on physical media that can be lost or maliciously used, using the internet to intentionally send sensitive data to the wrong entities, unintentionally letting malware in or sending company data to malicious individuals/entities, and a number of other scenarios. Good Data Loss Prevention (DLP) practices like strict device use policies and access control can mitigate (if not eliminate) these security vulnerabilities.

KNOWLEDGE, ATTITUDE, PRACTICE AND STIGMA REGARDING COVID-19 AMONG PEOPLE OF KARNALI PROVINCE, NEPAL

Background: The Human Coronaviruses (HCoVs), the neglected inconsequential pathogens have emerged from animal to man and man to man as a global epidemic with alarming morbidity and mortality in 21st century and Nepal did not remain sacred. It was important to rapidly assess the knowledge, attitude, practice and stigma regarding COVID-19 among people of Karnali Province where large number of labor migrants and villagers have entered the district during pandemic. Methods: An analytical cross-sectional study was done using structured questionnaire among 500 participants from Jumla and Mugu districts of Karnali Province. Descriptive and inferential statistical analysis were done. Ethical principles were followed throughout the study. Results: Among 500 participants, only 46.4% had good knowledge, 50.0% had positive attitude and 33.2% had good preventive practices regarding COVID-19. About one third (30%) participants sensed discriminatory behavior in community. Knowledge and attitude had statistically significant association with preventive practices against pandemic. Conclusions: More than half of the people of Karnali Province had poor knowledge, negative attitude and poor preventive practices regarding COVID-19. The determining factors for this situation were age, marital status, ethnicity, education, occupation and travel history. Hence, it is crucial to improve knowledge and attitude which will ultimately enhance preventive practices. Likewise, it is of utmost importance to address social stigma related to such epidemic, a serious public health issue prevalent in Karnali Province.

ASSESSMENT OF KNOWLEDGE AND PRACTICE ABOUT COVID-19 AMONG HEALTH CARE WORKERS INVOLVING IN VARIOUS AEROSOL GENERATING PROCEDURES

Background: Post-COVID, the importance of the particle and aerosol generation has gained much significance. Hence in the present study we assessed the knowledge and practice about COVID-19 among health care workers involving in various aerosol generating procedures. Methods: We piloted a questionnaire based descriptive cross-sectional study at various aerosol generating departments of KIST Medical College and Teaching Hospital, Imadol, Nepal from June 2020 to December 2020 with IEC No: 076/077/42. All the health care workers at same departments were included. The self- administered questionnaire had two sections; knowledge and practice. The responses noted and analyzed using the 2 tailed multivariate regressions to estimate influencing factors. Results: We observed that the about one third of the respondents get information about COVID-19 mainly from TV and social media. In the multivariate model, source of information, type of health institution and knowledge of COVID-19 are strongly associated with preventive practice of health care workers. HCWs who had good knowledge on COVID-19 were 2 times more likely implement good preventive practice. Conclusions: Type of health facilities, level of education, training on COVID, work experience, type of source of information were significantly associated with knowledge, and practice of HCWs toward COVID-19. Various aerosol generating departments showed good knowledge and practice. Among all OMFS department showed good knowledge and practice as compared to other departments of Dentistry. Also knowledge and practice of Departments of Medicine, Anesthesia, Emergency, Pediatrics and ENT showed good.

Assessment of COVID-19 prevention practice and associated factors in Jimma town, Ethiopia: A mixed study.

BackgroundCOVID-19 has affected the mental and physical wellbeing, social structure, countries' economy as well as individuals and community resilience, trust, and inequalities among societies. However, now almost all of the activities have been returned to the pre-corona era, despite the emergence of new strains and the spread of the disease. Hence, this study was conducted to assess COVID-19 prevention practice and the associated factors.Materials and methodsA community-based cross-sectional study triangulated with the qualitative findings was conducted in Jimma town, Oromia, Ethiopia. A total of 422 sample households were involved in the quantitative study. The quantitative data were collected using a structured questionnaire and 12 key informants were also interviewed for the qualitative part. The quantitative data were processed and entered into the Epi Data version 4.6 (software) and analyzed using SPSS 26.0. Similarly, the qualitative data were analyzed using ATLASti.7.1.04 software package. Descriptive statistics and binary logistics regression (p < 0.25) were conducted to identify the candidate variable for multivariable logistics regression analysis (p < 0.05) and a 95% confidence interval was used to establish the level of significance of the variables with the practice.ResultsInterviews were conducted with a total of 422 participants, yielding a response rate of 100%. Good preventive practices were found to be adopted by 13.3% of the respondents. People aged ≥ 50 years, [AOR = 2.85, 95%, CI = 1.246–0.53] who recovered from COVID-19, [AOR = 2.41, 95%, CI = 1.184–0.92], had chronic diseases [AOR = 3.70, 95%, CI = 1.887–0.25], and living with COVID-19 high risk [AOR = 2.96, 95%, CI = 1.475–0.991 were independently associated with good preventive practices.ConclusionIn this study, it was understood that there were poor COVID-19 preventive practices among the study participants. There was a disparity in adherence to the preventive practices in relation to (i.e., 50 and above years) the experience of contracting COVID-19 and people aged above 65 years old living with the high-risk group. In addition, the community had different misconceptions or risk perceptions related to COVID-19 infection and preventive practices. This highlights the need to design health education programs and implement risk and/or social and behavior change communication interventions to change perceptions or misconceptions of people or community members to bring about the desired behavioral change and prevent the spread of COVID-19.

Knowledge, Attitude and Practice Towards Sexually Transmitted Diseases among Undergraduate Students in Ahmadu Bello University, Main Campus, Samaru, Zaria.

Background: Worldwide, over a million people acquire a sexually transmitted infection (STI) daily. Young individuals of 16-24years age group are more prone to STIs because they lack adequate knowledge about STIs and tend to have wrong perceptions towards sex. Aim: This study aims to assess the knowledge, attitude, and practice towards sexually transmitted diseases among undergraduate students of ABU main campus, Samaru, Zaria. Methods: A descriptive cross-sectional survey design was used, in which 440 questionnaires were administered for the study among which 411(93%) were retrieved and analyzed using Statistical Package for Social Science (SPSS) version 23. Results: Results obtained showed that 77% of the respondents had good knowledge, attitudes of the respondents were found to be positive with an aggregate mean of 4.12 and 67% uses a condom for the prevention of sexually transmitted diseases. Conclusion: From the findings of the study, it was concluded that undergraduate students in Ahmadu Bello University Zaria had good knowledge, positive attitudes, and good preventive practices towards sexually transmitted diseases.

Correctional Officers' Health Literacy and Practices for Pulmonary Tuberculosis Prevention in Prison.

Tuberculosis (TB) prevention in prisons remains a problem that requires advocacy and partnership action. A correctional officer (CO) is responsible for enforcing the rules and maintaining routines at a prison and has the authority to support TB prevention under the limitations of health manpower in prisons. The objective of this cross-sectional study was to determine the health literacy (HL) and practices of TB prevention and their association among Thailand’s COs. A total of 208 COs participated using a random sampling method. A self-administered questionnaire on HL and TB prevention practices was used for data collection. Descriptive statistics, Pearson’s chi-square test, and binary logistic regression were used for the association analysis. The majority of the participants were male (71.2%), married (60.1%), had a bachelor’s degree (60.6%), and had never been trained in TB prevention (90.9%). In total, 63.0% had adequate HL, whereas 78.4% had good practices, and this corresponded with personal prevention (75.5%) and work prevention (74.6%). Significant associations were identified for education, and communication, decision-making, and self-management skills (p < 0.05). The probability (adjusted odds ratio [95% CI]) of good practices was higher among participants with adequate communication skills (7.92 [2.15–29.24]), adequate decision-making skills (6.00 [1.86–19.36]), bachelors’ degree or higher-level education (3.25 [1.12–9.39]), and adequate self-management skills (2.95 [1.08–8.11]). The study findings show that most of the COs have adequate HL which is associated with good practices in TB prevention. Prisons should support HL development among COs for partnership and sustainable TB prevention under the constraint of health personnel.

Cross sectional study of dengue fever related knowledge, attitude and practice among different socio-economic groups of population on control of dengue and its vectors in Vijay Nagar area of Ghaziabad (Uttar Pradesh), India

Dengue Fever (DF) is one of the rapidly spreading mosquito-borne viral illness all over the world. With time DF is spreading to different countries and has expanded its wings from urban to rural areas. Dengue has been made a notifiable public health problem in many places including Delhi during recent decades. Rapid urbanization, environmental changes and neglected rural areas which leads to vector breeding have resulted in rise of Dengue fever. The objective of this study was to assess the knowledge, attitudes and practices (KAP) regarding DF among residents of Vijay Nagar, Ghaziabad. Detailed survey was done among residents of Vijay Nagar area of Ghaziabad using a pre-designed questionnaire knowledge, attitudes and practices of DF among study population was represented as percentage. Out of 275 individuals interviewed, 95% identified fever as an important symptom of DF. The knowledge about other symptoms of DF was low among residents. Only about 19% of residents knew that DF is transmitted by Aedes mosquitoes. Only 30% of residents knew the correct biting time. Despite low knowledge, the residents had good attitude and most of them reported good preventive practices against dengue prevention and control. Awareness campaigns and involvement of community can help to protect the health of people against DF and to limit in future spread of DF.

Health Care Workers’ Knowledge, Attitude and Practice on COVID-19 in a Government Hospital, Biratnagar

World Health Organization declared COVID-19 as a global pandemic on 11th March 2020 due to rapid transmission and severity of illness of this fatal virus from the country of origin. This study was conducted to assess the health care workers’ knowledge, attitude and practice on COVID -19 in a government hospital at Biratnagar. A descriptive, cross-sectional research design was used. Census method was adopted for sampling, structured questionnaire was used to collect data among 115 healthcare workers over a period of two months. More than three fourth (78.3%) scored good knowledge, almost all possessed a positive attitude and more than half (62.6%) had good infection prevention practice on COVID-19. However, 52.2% reported that COVID-19 is contagious and only 13.9% identified as a zoonotic disease. Also, it revealed that only 35.7% practiced correct steps of donning PPE, only 27.8% reported proper sequence of doffing PPE and 40.0% followed standard duration for hand washing as per the WHO, CDC guideline. The study highlighted the gap in some specific aspects of knowledge and practice of the healthcare workers that need immediate concern. Adequate provision of periodically updated educational training programmes on COVID-19 and infection prevention practices focusing on PPE might help bridging the gap.

Knowledge, Attitude, and Preventive Practice Related to Onchocerciasis and Associated Factors among Resource-Limited Selamogo Woreda Residents, South West Ethiopia, 2021.

Introduction Ethiopians work very hard to control and eradicate the vector and the parasite of Onchocerciasis. However, some hard-to-reach areas are not adequately covered by interventions that have previously taken place in various endemic sites in the country. This study aimed to assess knowledge, attitude, and preventive practice of Onchocerciasis among Selamogo residents to enhance the expansion of interventions. Methods We used a survey questionnaire to capture the data on 572 Selamago residents. We checked, cleaned, entered the data into EPI Info v.7, and analyzed it in STATA v.15. We fitted a binary logistic regression model to examine the associated factors. Variables significant at P < 0.20 were included in the model. We declared association at P < 0.05. Results Of the 578 residents we approached, 572 (99%) responded to the interview. We found 48.30% of poor knowledge, 90.90% of poor attitude, and 85.70% preventive practice related to Onchocerciasis. Factors like Amhara ethnicity (AOR = 2.35, 95% CI: 1.05, 5.27), Orthodox Christianity (AOR = 1.87, 95% CI: 1.12, 3.10), Muslims (AOR = 2.28, 95% CI: 1.05, 4.94), secondary school (AOR = 2.31, 95% CI: 1.50, 3.55), diploma (AOR = 10.34, 95% CI: 4.62, 23.16), and preventability of Onchocerciasis (AOR = 3.02, 95% CI: 1.39, 6.55) were associated with KAP. Other factors like medical treatability, admission history to the health facilities, sex, and the number of households were also associated. Conclusion The KAP related to Onchocerciasis is very poor compared to the indicators and evidence in the country. An intervention that considers local resources like taking the experience of groups with good knowledge, attitude, and preventive practice led by educated plus positive attitude people regarding the preventability and treatability of Onchocerciasis might be mandatory to improve the status.

Food handler's level of COVID-19 prevention practice and preparedness of food and drinking establishments to combat the pandemic in Eastern Ethiopia.

BackgroundFood and drinking establishments are potential hotspots for the spread of coronavirus. Food handler's have a higher risk of contracting the disease and transmitting it to others. The aim of this study was to assess the food handler's level of preventive practices toward COVID-19 and the preparedness of food and drinking establishments to tackle the pandemic in Eastern Ethiopia.MethodsThe cross-sectional study design was conducted from September 1 to 30, 2020. A stratified sampling technique was used to select 276 licensed public food and drinking establishments and a simple random sampling technique was employed to select 422 food handlers from the selected establishments. A face-to-face interview and checklist-based observation were used to collect data. The collected data were entered into Epidata 3.1 and exported to STATA version 16 for analysis. Binary logistic regression analysis were conducted to identify factors associated with COVID-19 preventive practice. Statistical significance was declared at p < 0.05.ResultsAbout 406 food handler's participated in this study, making the response rate 96.2%. The study showed that 38.4% of study participants (95% CI: 33.5, 43.1) had good preventive practices for COVID-19. Only 10.5% of food and drinking establishments fulfilled all requirements to prevent COVID-19 transmission. Being male [AOR = 0.61, 95% CI(0.61, (0.39, 0.93)], attending secondary education [AOR = 2.20, (95% CI: 1.37, 3.53)], having a favorable attitude toward COVID-19 [AOR = 1.89, (95% CI: 1.22, 2.95)], and having good knowledge about COVID-19 [AOR = 1.78, (95% CI: 1.13, 2.81)] were significantly associated with the level of COVID-19 preventive practices.ConclusionThe level of good COVID-19 preventive practice was found to be low among the food handler's. Only one in ten food and drink establishments fulfilled the national guideline for preventing COVID-19 transmission. Being male, attending secondary education, having knowledge about COVID-19, and having a favorable attitude toward COVID-19 were significantly associated with good COVID-19 preventive practices. A vibrant guideline on prevention practices should be in place at all establishments, and compliance should be monitored. Local health office experts should take comprehensive measures to make all food and drinking establishments accountable for practicing all preventive measures.

Knowledge, Attitude and Practice Towards Covid 19 Vaccine Among Pregnant Females in Makkah Region

Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) is an emerging respiratory disease that is caused by a novel coronavirus, which was first diagnosed in December 2019 in Wuhan, China, and subsequently spread to many other countries. Numerous countries have reported increasing numbers of confirmed cases and death per day; therefore, on March 11, 2020, the WHO declared COVID-19 a pandemic. COVID-19 is a highly infectious disease and can affect patients with low immunity especially pregnant females. Vaccines are an important source of elevating immunity and promoting health. Our main aim for this study is to determine the knowledge, attitude, and practice of pregnant females towards COVID-19 vaccine in Makkah Mukarramah. A cross-sectional survey was carried out among 73 consenting pregnant women using pretested questionnaires. In our results we found the mean age and mean gestational age of the respondents were between 25 and 30 years of age and third trimesters, respectively. More than four-fifths (90%) of the females believed that COVID-19 is real, and their main source of information was the internet. The majority had adequate knowledge of COVID-19. Majority showed a good attitude and preventive practice of COVID-19 disease; however, 39 percent thought that hospitals are very infected with this virus. The study population has good knowledge, attitude, and practice of COVID-19 disease and the need of vaccination against it. However, community education is needed to reduce anxiety among pregnant women and to increase the acceptance of vaccination towards improving health and immunity. Key words: , , , , ,

Gender differences in serious police misconduct: A machine-learning analysis of the New York Police Department (NYPD)

PurposeDespite a considerable body of research on police misconduct, findings have been mixed, with little consensus regarding its causes and best practices for prevention. Emerging research has focused on the role of gender in understanding and preventing misconduct. The current study examines the extent to which the features associated with serious misconduct differ between male and female officers. MethodsUsing a unique complaint dataset from the NYPD, we apply a sequence of machine learning analytics to consider if it is possible to predict serious misconduct among either group, and whether key predictors differ between groups. ResultsThe results show that it was possible to predict serious misconduct among each group with considerable confidence, while there were notable differences in prevalence, and type of misconduct between sexes. ConclusionsFindings hold important implications for policy, prevention and analytical approaches to police misconduct.

The lasting consequences of childhood sexual abuse on human capital and economic well-being.

Childhood sexual abuse is a prevalent problem, yet understanding of later‐in‐life outcomes is limited due to unobservable determinants. I examine impacts on human capital and economic well‐being by estimating likely ranges around causal effects, using a nationally representative U.S. sample. Findings suggest that childhood sexual abuse leads to lower educational attainment and worse labor market outcomes. Results are robust to partial identification methods applying varying assumptions about unobservable confounding, using information on confounding from observables including other types of child abuse. I show that associations between childhood sexual abuse and education outcomes and earnings are at least as large for males as for females. Childhood sexual abuse by someone other than a caregiver is as influential or more so than caregiver sexual abuse in predicting worse outcomes. Considering the societal burden of childhood sexual abuse, findings could inform policy and resource allocation decisions for development and implementation of best practices for prevention and support.

Practice towards Prevention and Control Measures of Coronavirus Disease and Associated Factors among Healthcare Workers in the Health Facilities of the Horo Guduru Wollega Zone, West Ethiopia, 2021.

Background A novel coronavirus, a virus that causes coronavirus disease (COVID-19), was first identified in Wuhan, China, on December 2019. The virus affects the respiratory system and it is highly contagious, spreading from person to person. Healthcare workers are more at risk due to the nature of their work, which is caring for both COVID-19-affected and nonaffected patients. Lack of knowledge about the disease directly affects early diagnosis and treatment, which may result in the rapid spread of the infection in the community. Having enough knowledge about a disease can always affect an individual's attitudes and practices. However, there is limited evidence on the knowledge, attitude, practice of prevention, and control measures of COVID-19 and associated factors among healthcare workers (HCWs) in resource-limited countries, including Ethiopia. Methods A facility-based cross-sectional study design was used among 334 samples of health workers who were selected using a stratified two-stage sampling technique, from health facilities of the Horo Guduru Wollega Zone from May to June 2021. A structured self-administered questionnaire was used to collect the data from the HCWs. The information collected was entered to EpiData version 3.1 and exported to SPSS version 21 software for further analyses. Bivariable and multivariable binary logistic regression analyses were used to identify factors associated with the KA practice of the HCWs. Those variables with a p value <05 with a 95% confidence interval (CI) were considered as statistically significantly associated with the outcome variable. Result Among the participating HCWs, 208 (64%; 95% CI: (58.8%, 69.2%)) of them had good practices of prevention and control measures of COVID-19 with the mean (±SD) practice score was 7.63 ± 2.45. Multivariable binary logistic regression revealed that being a health center worker (AOR = 0.34, 95% CI: (0.19, 0.60)), being trained (AOR = 0.41, 95% CI: (0.21, 0 .82)), and having sufficient knowledge (AOR = 2.73, 95% CI: (1.35, 5.53)) were significantly associated with good preventive practice. Conclusion The overall magnitude of practice of prevention and control measures of COVID-19 was not sufficient. Therefore, strategies for enhancing the capacity of healthcare workers to exercise practices of prevention and control measures of COVID-19 are needed.

Healthcare providers infection prevention practices and associated factors in community clinics in Bangladesh: A cross-sectional study.

Healthcare associated infections impose serious challenges to safe and high-quality healthcare delivery, and have been closely associated with poor infection prevention practices. Infection prevention practices are poorly studied in Bangladesh, and no previous studies have examined these practices among healthcare providers of community clinics. The study aimed to assess infection prevention practices and associated factors among healthcare providers of community clinics in the rural area of Bangladesh. A cross-sectional study was conducted among 128 community healthcare providers in the Kurigram district of Bangladesh who were identified from 128 community clinics using a stratified random sampling technique. Data were collected between November and December, 2019 via face-to-face survey using a pre-tested semi-structured questionnaire. Only 37.5% community healthcare providers had adequate knowledge on infection prevention measures, and 39.1% had good infection prevention practices. Community healthcare providers with higher education were significantly more likely to have good infection prevention practices, and good infection prevention practices were associated with availability of hand washing facilities, and of soap in community clinic, and adequate knowledge of infection prevention. Implementation of an effective training program regarding infection prevention, along with adequate supply of infection prevention basic resources, and continuous monitoring and supervision are required to improve the currently faltering infection prevention knowledge and practices among community healthcare providers in Bangladesh.

Are Malaysians Ready to Resume the New Norm? Findings From a Nationwide Study

ObjectiveThe study aimed to evaluate the knowledge, attitude, and practices toward the prevention of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) among the public in Malaysia.MethodsA cross-sectional study was conducted online among the general public in Malaysia from June 2020 to August 2020 between the second and third wave (Phase 3 of the Recovery Movement Control Order). Participants were conveniently recruited through multiple social media platforms to encourage nationwide participation. A patient-administered questionnaire was used to assess their knowledge, attitude, and practice toward the prevention of COVID-19. For descriptive analysis, percentage, mean, and standard deviation (SD) were used to report demographic characteristics and knowledge, attitude, and practice scores. For inferential analysis, t-test, ANOVA, Pearson's correlation, Spearman's correlation, Chi-square test, and Binary Logistic Regression was used to analyze the study variables' differentiation, association, and correlations. The confidence interval selected for this study was 95%.ResultsA total of 420 respondents participated in this survey. The majority of the participants (n = 412, 98%) were aware of COVID-19. Most participants (60%) learned about the pandemic through social media. About half of the participants had poor knowledge (45.5%) and a negative attitude (43.3%). Participants residing in urban areas showed good preventive practices as compared to those residing in rural areas (P < 0.05). There was a significant association between participants' attitudes and preventive practices toward COVID-19, where the majority of the participants (57.4%) who showed negative attitudes were more likely to follow poor preventive practices.ConclusionDespite having good knowledge, participants with a negative attitude toward COVID-19 were less likely to follow the preventive practices of COVID-19. People's mindset and willingness may play an important role to influence their practices. Thus, these are the vulnerable groups, and strategies should be made to change their mindset through proper counseling and education.

Factors Associated with COVID-19 Infection of Survivors at Dr. Kariadi Hospital Semarang

The transmission of COVID-19 infection is rapidly spreading in Indonesia, All people are at risk of COVID-19 infection, especially health workers. Factors that may increase the risk of COVID-19 transmission necessitate being explored more. This study aims to find out what factors are associated with the incidence of COVID-19 infection in COVID-19 survivors at Kariadi Hospital Semarang. This study has used a retrospective observational design, with a quantitative analysis conducted involving 80 COVID-19 survivors (health workers = 63 respondents, non-health workers = 17 respondents). Respondents' characteristics questionnaire, exposure questionnaires and knowledge, attitude and practice questionnaires were filled out by respondents through google form and then were analyzed by chi-square test. Most of the COVID-19 survivors in this study were male (52.5%), had a bachelor's degree (50%), married (77.5%), had no comorbidities (73.5%), had a high level of knowledge (90%), appropriate attitude (90%), and good preventive practice (95%), and the most common symptom of COVID-19 experienced was fever (15, 95%). The incidence of COVID-19 infection was significantly more in health worker survivors which were male (p = 0.032), as civil servants (ASN) (p = 0.00), had undergraduate education level (p = 0.00) and hospitalized during COVID-19 infection (p = 0.002). Factors related to the incidence of COVID-19 infection in this study were gender, occupation, education level, and hospitalisation place. Adequate screening and mitigation of COVID-19 risk groups are urgently needed.

Treatment-Seeking Behaviors and Knowledge, Attitude and Practices among Suspected Dengue Adult Patients at the Hospital for Tropical Diseases, Bangkok, Thailand.

Dengue infection is a major public health problem in Thailand with an increasing incidence in the adult population. Patients’ knowledge, attitude and practices (KAP) with regarding dengue infection have direct influences on treatment-seeking behaviors and clinical outcomes. We conducted a cross-sectional study to assess the KAP and treatment-seeking behaviors of suspected dengue adult patients attending the Hospital for Tropical Diseases (HTD) in Bangkok, from March 2014 to February 2015. Among 167 participants, the majority of participants (87.9%) were unaware of dengue infection and most of them reported initial self-medication (95.2%). The mean days of fever before attending to the HTD was 4.9 ± 1.7 days. Outpatient cases reported seeking care significantly earlier than inpatient cases (mean: 3.1 days vs. 5.0 days; p < 0.001). The majority of patients believed that dengue infection has a high mortality rate (63%) and must be treated in hospital (91.3%), highlighting the lack of understanding and misperceptions regarding dengue-related knowledge in the general population. Patients who reported recent or current dengue infection in their family or neighborhood sought medical care early and reported good preventive practices. Health education should focus on the adult population to improve awareness of dengue symptoms and promote early treatment-seeking behavior.