Change In Best-corrected Visual Acuity Research Articles

MORPHOLOGIC CHARACTERISTICS AND PROGRESSION PATTERNS OF MACULAR NEOVASCULARIZATION-RELATED ATROPHY IN EYES WITH PATHOLOGIC MYOPIA.

To investigate the development and progression patterns of macular neovascularization (MNV)-related atrophies in eyes with pathologic myopia. Twenty-seven eyes of 26 patients with MNV followed from its onset to progression to macular atrophy were studied. A longitudinal series of autofluorescence and optical coherence tomography images were examined for the patterns of MNV-related atrophy. Changes in best-corrected visual acuity were determined for each pattern. The mean age was 67.2 ± 8.7 years. The mean axial length was 29.6 ± 1.5 mm. Three patterns of atrophy were identified: multiple-atrophic pattern, 63% of the eyes had small atrophies occurring at multiple sites around the MNV edge; single-atrophic pattern, 18.5% had atrophies occurring only on one side of the MNV edge; and exudation-related pattern, 18.5% had atrophy occurring within a previous serous exudation or hemorrhagic area and slightly away from the MNV edge. Eyes with atrophies in multiple-atrophic and exudation-related patterns progressed to large macular atrophies involving the central fovea and showed decrease in best-corrected visual acuity during the 3-year follow-up period. Eyes with single-atrophic pattern had a sparing of the fovea and had good recovery of the best-corrected visual acuity. There are three patterns of MNV-related atrophy in eyes with pathologic myopia with different courses of progression.

Two-year Clinical Outcomes Following Photodynamic Acute Exudative Maculopathy in Patients with Chronic Central Serous Chorioretinopathy.

To analyze the two-year clinical outcomes following photodynamic therapy (PDT)-induced acute exudative maculopathy (PAEM) in patients with chronic central serous chorioretinopathy (cCSCR). Prospective observational study that included 64 eyes of 64 patients with cCSCR who received half-fluence PDT and had a 2-year follow-up. Patients were classified into 2 groups based on whether they had had PAEM at 3 days after treatment (PAEM+, n=22; ≥50 µm increase in subretinal fluid (SRF) or not (PAEM-, n=42). Best-corrected visual acuity (BCVA) and SRF changes evaluated with optical coherence tomography (OCT) were registered at 3 days, 1 month, 3 months, 1 year and 2 years after PDT. The number of recurrences, the appearance of outer retinal atrophy (ORA) and choroidal neovascularization (CNV) were analyzed. BCVA was 75.9±13.6 (20/32) and 82.0±11.0 letters (20/25) at two years in the PAEM+ and PAEM- groups, respectively (p=0.055). There were no differences in the BCVA change (4.2±7.7 vs 3.3±7.1 letters; p=0.654) and the SRF decrease (-117.3±74.2 vs -138.5±83.6 µm; p=0.323) at 2 years between patients with and without PAEM. No differences in the number of recurrences (p=0.267), the appearance of CNV (p=0.155) or ORA (p=0.273) between both groups were noted. Patients with cCSCR with and without PAEM presented similar results at 2 years in terms of BCVA gain, SRF reduction and complication rate.

Detection and Management of Intraocular Inflammation after Brolucizumab Treatment for Neovascular Age-Related Macular Degeneration

To present interim descriptive insights from the OCTOPUS and SWIFT studies on incidence, clinical features, management, and outcomes of intraocular inflammation (IOI), vasculitis, and occlusive vasculitis with brolucizumab treatment (Beovu, Novartis) in patients with neovascular age-related macular degeneration (nAMD) who were anti-VEGF naive or pretreated with anti-VEGFs (ranibizumab or aflibercept). OCTOPUS (NCT04239027) and SWIFT (NCT04264819) studies are prospective phase IIIb single-arm, open-label, multicenter studies assessing brolucizumab. Anti-VEGF naive (OCTOPUS) and pretreated (SWIFT) patients with nAMD. Interim prespecified analysis on the efficacy end point provided an opportunity to analyze IOI-related safety. Reports of IOI-related adverse events (AEs) were reviewed, and AE images and clinical features and outcomes of each case were analyzed by a review committee. Of 505 brolucizumab-treated eyes/patients with median brolucizumab treatment of 8.8 months, 53 eyes demonstrated at least 1 IOI-related AE. The incidence of overall IOI-related AEs was 10.5%; among these events, the incidence was 7.1% for IOI only without retinal involvement and 3.4% for IOI with retinal involvement (2.0% with vasculitis, 1.4% with vascular occlusion with or without vasculitis). Incidence was similar in naive and pretreated patients. Before the onset of the first IOI-related AE, eyes received a median of 2 brolucizumab injections; 81.1% of IOI-related AEs occurred during the loading phase (median, 25.0 days from the last brolucizumab injection). At AE onset, most frequently reported symptoms were floaters (52.8%) and blurred or decreased vision (37.8%). Of the 86.8% of AEs that were treated, most were treated with topical corticosteroids (75.5%), 28.3% by systemic corticosteroids, and 26.8% by intraocular corticosteroids. No severe vision loss was reported for the 7 nontreated AEs. Overall, the median best-corrected visual acuity (BCVA) change at IOI-related AEs resolution from baseline was 1 letter (range,-74 to+32 letters), and 2 patients with occlusive vasculitis had BCVA loss ≥ 15 letters due to IOI-related AEs. All eyes permanently discontinued brolucizumab after the first IOI-related AE. This analysis highlights the need for monitoring and education of patients to report any signs of IOI-related events immediately when being treated with brolucizumab. IOI should be treated promptly and intensely with corticosteroids. Proprietary or commercial disclosure may be found in the Footnotes and Disclosures at the end of this article.

Vision rehabilitation using microperimetric biofeedback training in age-related macular degeneration.

To determine the impact of microperimetric biofeedback training (MBFT) on the quality of vision in patients with age-related macular degeneration (AMD). This study was a prospective, interventional, comparative study with subjects of patients diagnosed with AMD in the National Eye Center Cicendo Eye Hospital, Indonesia. Patients were randomly divided into two groups, intervention and non-intervention with 18 patients in each group. The intervention group would receive six MBFT training sessions of 10-minute time duration each. A statistically significant improvement of best corrected visual acuity (BCVA) was found after the intervention, from 1.24±0.416 to 0.83±0.242 (logMAR; P<0.001). A statistically significant improvement for near vision acuity (NVA) was also observed, from 1.02±0.307 logMAR to 0.69±0.278 logMAR (P<0.001). In addition, reading rate increased, from 40.83±30.411 to 65.06±31.598 words/min (P<0.001). Similarly, a comparison of changes in BCVA, NVA, and reading rate between intervention and non-intervention groups showed a significant difference (P<0.001). MBFT significantly and positively impacts visual acuity, NVA, and reading rate in patients with AMD.

Ten-year visual outcome and change in chorioretinal atrophy after intravitreal ranibizumab for macular neovascularization in pathologic myopia.

To investigate the 10-year visual outcome and chorioretinal atrophy after a single intravitreal ranibizumab injection (IVR) followed by a pro re nata (PRN) regimen for myopic macular neovascularization (mMNV) in pathologic myopia, and to identify the factors associated with 10-year best-corrected visual acuity (BCVA). This retrospective observational study evaluated 26 consecutive treatment-naïve eyes (26 patients) with mMNV in pathologic myopia who underwent a single IVR followed by a PRN regimen of IVR and/or intravitreal aflibercept injection and observed over 10 years. We assessed changes in BCVA and morphological parameters, including the META-PM Study category as a chorioretinal atrophy index. The logarithm of the minimum angle of resolution BCVA changed from 0.36 (Snellen, 20/45) ± 0.39 to 0.39 (20/49) ± 0.36 over 10 years of observation. Compared to baseline, 1-year BCVA improved (P = 0.002), whereas 2-10-year BCVA was not significantly different. Total injection frequency was 3.8 ± 2.6. In none of the eyes, 10-year BCVA was 20/200 or less. Ten-year BCVA correlated with baseline BCVA (P = 0.01, r = 0.47). The META-PM Study category progressed in 60% of eyes. There were no drug-induced complications. BCVA in eyes with mMNV in pathologic myopia was maintained for 10 years after a single IVR followed by a PRN regimen without drug-induced complications. The META-PM Study category progressed in 60% of eyes, especially those with older baseline age. Early diagnosis and treatment of mMNV are essential to maintain good long-term BCVA.

Comparison of anatomical and functional outcomes of treating myopic choroidal neovascularization with bevacizumab or ranibizumab.

To compare results of treatment with bevacizumab and ranibizumab injections in myopic choroidal neovascularization (mCNV). Retrospective, observational case series. patients with mCNV treated with bevacizumab or ranibizumab injections. Best corrected visual acuity (BCVA) and central retinal thickness (CRT) on optical coherence tomography (OCT) scans were collected at baseline, after 3, 6, 12, 24months and the last visit. mean change in BCVA and CRT. We included 85 eyes treated with bevacizumab and 125 eyes treated with ranibizumab. There was no difference between the groups regarding BCVA and CRT change. CNV recurrence occurred at the mean time of 66.1 ± 3.7 and 57.3 ± 6.4months in the bevacizumab- and ranibizumab-treated eyes, respectively (p = 0.006). During the first year 6.9% eyes in the bevacizumab group vs. 27.5% in the ranibizumab group had CNV recurrence (p = 0.001). Risk factors for recurrence of CNV were baseline CNV area (aHR 1.20, 95%CI 1.0-1.32, p = 0.04), subfoveal CNV (aHR 2.13, 95% CI 1.16-3.93, p = 0.01) and ranibizumab treatment (aHR 2.31, 95% CI 1.16-3.93, p = 0.008). Eyes treated with bevacizumab and ranibizumab can achieve similar anatomical and functional improvement. CNV recurrence may occur earlier and more frequently during the first year in eyes treated with ranibizumab.

Complement inhibitors for age-related macular degeneration.

Complement inhibitors for age-related macular degeneration.

Intravitreal Therapy for Uveitic Macular Edema—Ranibizumab versus Methotrexate versus the Dexamethasone Implant: The MERIT Trial Results

To evaluate the effectiveness of 3 different intravitreal treatments for persistent or recurrent uveitic macular edema (ME): dexamethasone implant, methotrexate, and ranibizumab. Single-masked, randomized controlled clinical trial. Patients with minimally active or inactive uveitis and persistent or recurrent uveitic ME in one or both eyes. Patients at 33 centers were randomized 1:1:1 to receive 1 of the 3 therapies. Patients with bilateral ME received the same treatment in both eyes. The primary outcome, measured at 12 weeks, was reduction in central subfield thickness (CST) expressed as a proportion of baseline (CST per CST at baseline) assessed with spectral-domain OCT by readers masked to treatment assignment. Secondary outcomes included improvement and resolution of ME, change in best-corrected visual acuity (BCVA), and elevations in intraocular pressure (IOP). One hundred ninety-four participants (225 eligible eyes) were randomized to dexamethasone (n= 65 participants and 77 eyes), methotrexate (n= 65 participants and 79 eyes), or ranibizumab (n= 64 participants and 69 eyes). All received at least 1 injection of the assigned treatment. At the 12-week primary outcome point, each group showed significant reductions in CST relative to baseline: 35%, 11%, and 22% for dexamethasone, methotrexate, and ranibizumab, respectively. Reduction of ME was significantly greater in the dexamethasone group than for either methotrexate (P < 0.01) or ranibizumab (P= 0.018). Only the dexamethasone group showed a statistically significant improvement in BCVA during follow-up (4.86 letters; P < 0.001). Elevations of IOP by 10 mmHg, to 24 mmHg or more, or both were more common in the dexamethasone group; IOP spikes to 30 mmHg or more were uncommon overall and were not significantly different among groups. Reductions in BCVA of 15 letters or more were more common in the methotrexate group and typically were attributable to persistent ME. At 12 weeks, in eyes with minimally active or inactive uveitis, dexamethasone was significantly better at treating persistent or recurrent ME than methotrexate or ranibizumab. Risk of IOP elevation was greater with dexamethasone, but elevations to levels of 30 mmHg or more were infrequent. Proprietary or commercial disclosure may be found in the Footnotes and Disclosures at the end of this article.

Faricimab for Diabetic Macular Edema in Patients Refractory to Ranibizumab or Aflibercept.

Background and Objectives: Faricimab is the first intravitreal injection of vascular endothelial growth factor-A and angiopoietin-2 bispecific monoclonal antibody. Here, we evaluate the functional and anatomical outcomes of faricimab treatment in patients with diabetic macular edema (DME) that was refractory to ranibizumab or aflibercept. Materials and Methods: We performed a retrospective, observational, consecutive-case study of patients who had DME that was refractory to treatment with ranibizumab or aflibercept and were treated with faricimab between July 2022 and January 2023 under a pro re nata regimen. All the participants were followed for ≥4 months after the initiation of faricimab. The primary outcome was a recurrence interval of ≥12 weeks, and the secondary outcomes were the changes in best-corrected visual acuity (BCVA) and central macular thickness (CMT). Results: We analyzed 18 eyes of 18 patients. The mean recurrence interval of previous anti-VEGF injection was 5.8 ± 2.5 weeks, which was significantly extended to 10.8 ± 4.9 weeks (p = 0.0005) by the switch to faricimab. Eight patients (44.4%) achieved a recurrence interval of ≥12 weeks. A history of subtenon injection of triamcinolone acetonide (p = 0.0034) and the presence of disorganization of the retinal inner layers (p = 0.0326) were found to be significantly associated with a recurrence interval of <12 weeks. The mean BCVAs were 0.23 ± 0.28 logMAR and 0.19 ± 0.23 logMAR, and the mean CMTs were 473.8 ± 222.0 µm and 381.3 ± 219.4 µm at baseline and 4 months, respectively, but these changes were not statistically significant. None of the patients experienced serious adverse events. Conclusions: Faricimab may extend the treatment interval for patients with DME that is refractory to ranibizumab or aflibercept. DME previously treated with the subtenon injection of triamcinolone acetonide or associated with disorganization of the retinal inner layers may be less likely to be associated with a longer recurrence interval after switching to faricimab.

Efficacy, durability, and safety of faricimab in patients from Asian countries with neovascular age-related macular degeneration: 1-Year subgroup analysis of the TENAYA and LUCERNE trials

PurposeTo evaluate 1-year efficacy, durability, and safety of faricimab among patients from Asian countries in the TENAYA/LUCERNE trials of neovascular age-related macular degeneration (nAMD).MethodsTreatment-naïve patients with nAMD were randomly assigned (1:1) to faricimab 6.0 mg up to every 16 weeks (Q16W), based on disease activity at weeks 20 and 24, or aflibercept 2.0 mg Q8W. The primary endpoint was change in best-corrected visual acuity (BCVA) from baseline averaged over weeks 40, 44, and 48.ResultsIn the pooled TENAYA/LUCERNE trials, there were 120 (9.0%) and 1209 (91.0%) patients in the Asian (faricimab n = 61; aflibercept n = 59) and non-Asian country (faricimab n = 604; aflibercept n = 605) subgroups, respectively. In the Asian country subgroup, mean BCVA change from baseline at the primary endpoint visits was 7.1 (95% CI, 4.3–9.8) letters with faricimab and 7.2 (4.4–10.0) letters with aflibercept. In non-Asian country patients, mean vision gains were 6.1 (5.2–7.1) and 5.7 (4.8–6.7) letters with faricimab and aflibercept, respectively. At week 48, 59.6% of Asian country patients in the faricimab group achieved Q16W dosing (vs. 43.9% non-Asian) and 91.2% achieved ≥ Q12W dosing (vs. 77.5% non-Asian). Central subfield thickness reductions were similar between the subgroups, with meaningful and similar reductions from baseline observed at the primary endpoint visits and over time. Faricimab was well tolerated in both subgroups, with an acceptable safety profile.ConclusionConsistent with the global TENAYA/LUCERNE findings, faricimab up to Q16W showed sustained visual and anatomical benefits in patients with nAMD from Asian and non-Asian countries.Trial registrationClinicalTrials.gov identifier: NCT03823287 (TENAYA); NCT03823300 (LUCERNE). Date of registration: January 30, 2019.

Brolucizumab Intravitreal Injections for Wet Age-Related Macular Degeneration: Real-Life Study on a Cohort of Italian Patients.

Background and Objectives: To report the real-life Brolucizumab therapeutical outcomes of treatment-naïve and non-treatment-naïve eyes with neovascular age-related macular degeneration (nAMD) and to analyze the incidence of therapy-related adverse events. Materials and Methods: A total of 56 eyes of 54 patients diagnosed with nAMD were retrospectively evaluated over a 3-month follow-up. Naïve eyes received a 3-month loading phase, whereas non-naïve eyes were treated with one intravitreal injection + ProReNata scheme. The main outcome measures were best-corrected visual acuity (BCVA) and central retinal thickness (CRT) change. In addition, patients were stratified on the basis of fluid accumulation site, whether intra-retinal (IRF), sub-retinal (SRF), or sub-retinal pigmented epithelium (SRPE), to separately assess the eventual BCVA change in each subgroup. Finally, the incidence of ocular adverse events was evaluated. Results: In naïve eyes, a significant improvement of BCVA (LogMar) was observed at all timepoints from baseline (1 month-Mean Difference (MD): -0.13; 2 months MD: -0.17; 3 months MD: -0.24). In non-naïve eyes, a significant mean change was observed at all timepoints, with the exception of 1-month follow-up (2 months MD: -0.08; 3 months MD: -0.05). CRT significantly changed in both groups at all timepoints at a similar pace within the first two months, with naïve eyes displaying a larger overall thickness decrease at the end of the follow-up (Group 1 = MD: -123.91 µm; Group 2 = MD: -110.33 µm). With respect to the location of the edema, a significant BCVA change was observed in naïve patients with fluid in all three sites at the end of the follow-up (SRPE = MD: -0.13 (p = 0.043); SR = MD: -0.15 (p = 0.019); IR = MD: -0.19 (p = 0.041). Non-naïve patients exhibited significant mean BCVA changes only with respect to SR and IR fluid presence (SRPE = MD: -0.13 (p = 0.152); SR = MD: -0.15 (p = 0.007); IR = MD: -0.06 (p = 0.011). One naïve patient experienced acute-onset anterior and intermediate uveitis which completely resolved after therapy. Conclusions: Brolucizumab was demonstrated to be a safe and efficient alternative in improving both the anatomical and functional parameters of eyes with nAMD in this small, uncontrolled, series of patients.

Efficacy and Safety of the Aflibercept Biosimilar SB15 in Neovascular Age-Related Macular Degeneration

Aflibercept biosimilars can expand available treatment options in retinal diseases and have the potential to improve patient access to safe and effective therapy. To establish equivalence in efficacy and similarity in safety, pharmacokinetics, and immunogenicity of SB15 and reference aflibercept (AFL) in neovascular age-related macular degeneration (nAMD). This was a randomized double-masked parallel group phase 3 trial conducted at 56 centers in 10 countries from June 2020 to March 2022, including follow-up through 56 weeks. Of 549 screened participants, 449 participants 50 years and older with treatment-naive nAMD were included and randomly assigned to SB15 (n = 224) or AFL (n = 225). Key exclusion criteria included considerable scarring, fibrosis, atrophy, and hemorrhage. This report includes results up to the end of the parallel group period at week 32. Of the 449 randomized participants, 438 (97.6%) completed week 32 follow-up. Participants were randomized 1:1 to receive 2 mg of SB15 or AFL every 4 weeks for the first 12 weeks (3 injections), followed by dosing every 8 weeks up to week 48, with final assessments at week 56. The primary end point was the change in best-corrected visual acuity (BCVA) from baseline to week 8 with predefined equivalence margins of -3 letters to 3 letters. Other key end points were changes in BCVA and central subfield thickness up to week 32, safety, pharmacokinetics, and immunogenicity. The mean (SD) age among the 449 included participants was 74.0 (8.1) years, and 250 participants (55.7%) were female. Baseline demographic characteristics and most disease characteristics were comparable between treatment groups. The least squares mean change in BCVA from baseline to week 8 in the SB15 group was equivalent to that in the AFL group (6.7 letters vs 6.6 letters, respectively; difference, 0.1 letters; 95% CI, -1.3 to 1.4). Comparable efficacy between treatment groups was maintained up to week 32 (least squares mean change from baseline in BCVA: SB15, 7.6 letters vs AFL, 6.5 letters; least squares mean change from baseline in central subfield thickness: SB15, -110.4 μm vs AFL, -115.7 μm). No clinically relevant differences were observed in the incidence of treatment-emergent adverse events (TEAEs) (SB15, 107/224 [47.8%] vs AFL, 98/224 [43.8%]) and ocular TEAEs in the study eye (SB15, 41/224 [18.3%] vs AFL, 28/224 [12.5%]). The serum concentration profiles and cumulative incidences of overall antidrug antibody positive participants were comparable. In this phase 3 randomized clinical trial, SB15 and AFL showed equivalent efficacy and comparable safety, pharmacokinetics, and immunogenicity in participants with nAMD. ClinicalTrials.gov Identifier: NCT04450329.

Comparison of Retinal and Choroidal Microvasculature Changes in Monocular Amblyopic and Non-amblyopic Eyes following Short-term Patch Occlusion Treatment

Purpose Our objective was to investigate whether there were differences in the short-term changes of retinal and choroidal microvasculature between amblyopic and non-amblyopic eyes after patch occlusion treatment in patients with monocular amblyopia. Additionally, we aimed to determine if these changes were associated with improvements in clinical parameters. Methods We conducted a retrospective, longitudinal paired-eye case-control study by analyzing the medical records of patients under the age of 12 who had monocular amblyopia and underwent patch occlusion treatment for a duration of 2 to 12 months. Using optical coherence tomography angiography images, we compared the foveal avascular zone width, retinal blood vessel density (VD), choroidal thickness (CT), and choroidal vascularity index (CVI) in amblyopic and non-amblyopic eyes before and after patch occlusion treatment. We analyzed the correlations between the aforementioned parameters and changes in best-corrected visual acuity (BCVA) and stereopsis. Results Overall, 114 eyes from 57 patients were enrolled. At baseline, parafoveal superficial plexus VD, foveal and parafoveal deep capillary plexus VD (DCPD) were lower by 0.994 ± 3.312% (p = .026), 2.403 ± 8.273% (p = .033), and 2.469 ± 4.095% (p < .001), respectively; CT was thicker by 30.6 ± 90.7 μm (p = .014); and CVI was higher by 1.920 ± 3.432% (p < 001) in the amblyopic eyes than in the non-amblyopic eyes. Following short-term patch occlusion treatment, foveal and parafoveal DCPD increased by 1.264 ± 3.829% (p = .017) and 1.028 ± 3.662% (p = .036), respectively, CT thinned by 15.5 ± 51.5 μm (p = .019), and CVI decreased by 1.296 ± 3.997% (p = .018) in the amblyopic eyes. Following patch occlusion treatment, as the foveal DCPD decreased and CVI increased, the BCVA improved (p = .017 and .035, respectively). Conclusion Following patch occlusion treatment, increased foveal DCPD and decreased CVI were associated with improved BCVA.

Visual prognosis and complications of congenital ectopia lentis: study protocol for a hospital-based cohort in Zhongshan Ophthalmic Center

IntroductionCongenital ectopia lentis (CEL) is a rare ocular disease characterised by the dislocation or displacement of the lens. Patients with mild lens dislocations can be treated with conservative methods (eg,...

Macular Telangiectasia Type 2: A Classification System Using MultiModal Imaging MacTel Project Report Number 10.

To develop a severity classification for macular telangiectasia type 2 (MacTel) disease using multimodal imaging. An algorithm was used on data from a prospective natural history study of MacTel for classification development. A total of 1733 participants enrolled in an international natural history study of MacTel. The Classification and Regression Trees (CART), a predictive nonparametric algorithm used in machine learning, analyzed the features of the multimodal imaging important for the development of a classification, including reading center gradings of the following digital images: stereoscopic color and red-free fundus photographs, fluorescein angiographic images, fundus autofluorescence images, and spectral-domain (SD)-OCT images. Regression models that used least square method created a decision tree using features of the ocular images into different categories of disease severity. The primary target of interest for the algorithm development by CART was the change in best-corrected visual acuity (BCVA) at baseline for the right and left eyes. These analyses using the algorithm were repeated for the BCVA obtained at the last study visit of the natural history study for the right and left eyes. The CART analyses demonstrated 3 important features from the multimodal imaging for the classification: OCT hyper-reflectivity, pigment, and ellipsoid zone loss. By combining these 3 features (as absent, present, noncentral involvement, and central involvement of the macula), a 7-step scale was created, ranging from excellent to poor visual acuity. At grade 0, 3 features are not present. At the most severe grade, pigment and exudative neovascularization are present. To further validate the classification, using the Generalized Estimating Equation regression models, analyses for the annual relative risk of progression over a period of 5 years for vision loss and for progression along the scale were performed. This analysis using the data from current imaging modalities in participants followed in the MacTel natural history study informed a classification for MacTel disease severity featuring variables from SD-OCT. This classification is designed to provide better communications to other clinicians, researchers, and patients. Proprietary or commercial disclosure may be found after the references.

THREE-DIMENSIONAL HEADS-UP VITRECTOMY VERSUS CONVENTIONAL MICROSCOPIC VITRECTOMY FOR PATIENTS WITH EPIRETINAL MEMBRANE.

To investigate the efficacy and safety of 3D heads-up display (3D-HUD) vitrectomy compared with conventional microscopy (CM) vitrectomy in epiretinal membrane (ERM) surgery. Epiretinal membrane removal with or without internal limiting membrane (ILM) peeling was performed using a 3D-HUD or CM system. The mean changes in best-corrected visual acuity (BCVA) and in central macular thickness (CMT) and postoperative complications were assessed. Baseline demographics were comparable except for the follow-up period. Both BCVA and CMT improved at the final visit (all P < 0.05). The ERM recurrence and dissociated optic nerve fiber layer (DONFL) rates were lower in the 3D group (both P < 0.05). conventional microscopic vitrectomy (odds ratio [OR] = 12.86, P = 0.02) and absence of ILM peeling (OR = 45.25, P < 0.05) were associated with ERM recurrence. In the DONFL, CM vitrectomy (OR = 1.98, <0.05) and combined phacovitrectomy (OR = 2.33, P = 0.03) were analyzed as risk factors for DONFL. The improvement in BCVA and CMT in ERM surgery using a 3D-HUD is comparable with that of CM vitrectomy, with a significantly low rate of ERM recurrence and DONFL occurrence. Therefore, 3D vitrectomy might have an advantage for ERM surgery.

LONG-TERM PROGNOSIS OF CHOROIDAL NEOVASCULARIZATION COMPLICATING ANGIOID STREAKS.

To report the very long-term visual prognosis of choroidal neovascularization complicating angioid streaks in the antivascular endothelial growth factor era. Retrospective monocentric study aimed at analyzing patients' demographics, choroidal neovascularization features, angioid streak-associated conditions, and previous and current therapies for choroidal neovascularization. The main outcome measures were the quantitative measurement of central retinal pigment epithelial atrophy enlargement by comparing the ratio of pixels involved on automated infrared images acquired by spectral-domain optical coherence tomography and the changes in best-corrected visual acuity. The secondary outcome measures were the number of intravitreal injections and the changes in central choroidal thickness and central retinal thickness. Subgroup analyzes were performed to compare macular atrophy extent between eyes of patients with or without proven pseudoxanthoma elasticum ("PXE" or "no PXE") and between eyes previously treated or not with photodynamic therapy ("PDT" or "no PDT"). Thirty-three eyes of 23 patients were included. The mean best-corrected visual acuity decreased significantly from 66 ± 19 Early Treatment Diabetic Retinopathy Study letters at the time of the first antivascular endothelial growth factor injection to 52 ± 23 Early Treatment Diabetic Retinopathy Study letters at the end of the follow-up (mean follow-up duration: 109 ± 42 months, range: 47-175 months). The ratio of central retinal pigment epithelial atrophy enlargement was 201%, 110%, 240%, and 111% in the PXE, no PXE, PDT, and no PDT groups, respectively. Despite the use of antivascular endothelial growth factor agents, the very long-term prognosis appeared relatively poor, especially in patients with PXE. This study also suggests that PDT should be used with caution in the management of choroidal neovascularization in eyes with angioid streaks.

Glycated Hemoglobin Improvement After Medical and Surgical Eye Care in American Veterans Involves Multidisciplinary Care.

The effects of diabetes mellitus (DM) on visual function have been extensively studied. Fewer studies evaluate the effect of visual function on DM, and previous small studies have shown mixed results concerning the relationship between glycated hemoglobin (HbA1c) and cataract surgery. We performed a retrospective, observational, single-site study at a Veterans hospital to evaluate this relationship and the relationship between HbA1c and non-surgical eye care. We compared pre- and post-operative/examination HbA1c in 431 surgical and 431 matched, non-surgical subjects who underwent eye examination at the same institution. Subgroup analysis was performed by age, elevated (≥8) pre-operative/examination HbA1c, and change in diabetic management. We also assessed for a relationship between changes in best-corrected visual acuity (BCVA) and HbA1c. The Minneapolis Veterans Affairs Health Care System Research Administration determined this study to be Institutional Review Board exempt from the requirements of 38 CFR 16 under Category 4 (iii). Pairwise comparison of pre- versus post-operative HbA1c trended towards reduction at 3-6 months in all surgical subjects, with a statistically significant reduction in older subjects, and those with higher pre-operative HbA1c. Eye examination subjects experienced a significant HbA1c reduction 3-6 months after eye examination. Reduction in post-operative/examination HbA1c was associated with concurrent change in diabetic management. We found an overall reduction in HbA1c in diabetic Veterans who interacted with an ophthalmologist, whether for cataract surgery or eye examination. HbA1c reduction was greatest when ophthalmic care was delivered as part of a multidisciplinary care team. Our findings add new evidence to further support the importance of ophthalmic care in patients with DM and suggest improved visual function may facilitate improved glycemic control.

Systematic review of efficacy and meta-analysis of safety of ranibizumab biosimilars relative to reference ranibizumab anti-VEGF therapy for nAMD treatment

TopicThis systematic review and meta-analysis provides a summary of the efficacy and safety of ranibizumab biosimilars relative to reference ranibizumab anti-vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) therapy for the treatment of...

Impact of inverted internal limiting membrane-flap technique on functional outcome and structural restoration of small and medium size macular holes.

To evaluate the impact of the inverted internal limiting membrane (ILM)-flap technique on the visual outcome and anatomical recovery for small (<250 μ), medium (<400 μ), and large (>400 μ) macular holes (MHs). Retrospective study included consecutive idiopathic MH cases operated on using the inverted ILM-flap technique. Clinical data were retrieved from electronic medical records (EMRs), surgical videos, and optical coherence tomography (OCT) machines. Eyes with axial length >25 mm, coexisting macular diseases, and follow-up <6 weeks were excluded. Data included the presence or absence of ILM flap and restoration of External Limiting Membrane (ELM), Ellipsoid Zone (EZ) lines. Mean visual improvement and structural recovery were compared between eyes showing ILM flap and those showing no flap in three MH size groups. Forty eyes of 38 patients with a mean age of 62.7 ± 10.1 years and a mean MH diameter of 348 ± 152 μm were included. The mean follow-up was 527 ± 478 days with anatomical closure observed in all eyes. Mean best-corrected visual acuity (BCVA) improved significantly from 0.87 ± 0.38 to 0.35 ± 0.26. ILM flap was visible in 29 (72.5%) all MHs, 7 (53.8%) small MHs (n = 13), 8 (61.5%) medium MHs (n = 13), and 14 (100%) large MHs (n = 14). The mean BCVA change was 0.47 ± 0.34, 0.53 ± 0.48, and 0.56 ± 0.20 in large, medium, and small MHs, respectively, and the difference between eyes showing ILM flap versus no flap in each MH size group was not statistically significant (P > 0.05). However, for medium MHs, it was higher in the ILM flap (0.66 ± 0.52) group compared to the no flap (0.32 ± 0.37) group. One eye with small MH developed significant gliosis resulting in reduced BCVA. ELM was restored in all eyes with small and medium MHs. We observed that the ILM flap did not adversely affect anatomical and visual outcomes for MHs <400 μm. Restoration of ELM suggests minimal interference in structural recovery by an ILM flap.