Bertha Von Suttner Research Articles

GeirLundestad. The World’s Most Prestigious Prize: The Inside Story of the Nobel Peace Prize. Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2019.

Peace & ChangeVolume 46, Issue 2 p. 217-219 BOOK REVIEW Lundestad, Geir. The World’s Most Prestigious Prize: The Inside Story of the Nobel Peace Prize. Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2019. Peter van den Dungen, Corresponding Author petervandendungen1@gmail.com Bertha von Suttner Peace InstituteSearch for more papers by this author Peter van den Dungen, Corresponding Author petervandendungen1@gmail.com Bertha von Suttner Peace InstituteSearch for more papers by this author First published: 26 March 2021 https://doi.org/10.1111/pech.12455Read the full textAboutPDF ToolsRequest permissionExport citationAdd to favoritesTrack citation ShareShare Give accessShare full text accessShare full-text accessPlease review our Terms and Conditions of Use and check box below to share full-text version of article.I have read and accept the Wiley Online Library Terms and Conditions of UseShareable LinkUse the link below to share a full-text version of this article with your friends and colleagues. Learn more.Copy URL Share a linkShare onEmailFacebookTwitterLinked InRedditWechat No abstract is available for this article. Volume46, Issue2April 2021Pages 217-219 RelatedInformation

Překladatelský projekt „Bertha von Suttner: Die Waffen nieder!“

Translator training has been increasingly relying on simulations of real-life professional practice. One way of bringing learning closer to authentic professional experience is by introducing project-based instruction. The aim of this paper is to present a project conducted in an optional literary translation seminar at the Institute of Translation Studies (Charles University, Faculty of Arts) in the summer semester of the 2018/2019 academic year. Providing students with an opportunity to engage in an authentic translation assignment, the project was a collaborative translation of Bertha von Suttner’s Die Waffen nieder! (Lay Down Your Arms) from German into Czech under the supervision of two Czech university teachers. During the opening session, a work schedule was drawn up, covering all the stages of translation and editing. Later, groups of students worked on individual chapters, consulting across the teams and with the teachers, both in person and through online shared documents, which is also where the editing took place. The students worked independently on authentic tasks in a real-life context, with the teachers acting as facilitators. The principles of cooperative learning were applied to the project as sharing, collaborating and mutual support were part of all the stages of the translation. The participants were administered a questionnaire to explore the learners’ attitudes and feelings regarding project-based learning in translator training with a view to identifying the possibilities and limits of this type of learning experience compared with conventional forms of instruction. The latter part of the presentation will comment on the most interesting student responses.

The princess at the conference: Science, pacifism, and Habsburg society.

Historians are showing increasing interest in scientific internationalism, the notion that science transcends national differences and hence advances peace and cooperation. This notion became particularly popular in the decades around 1900, the heyday of the universal expositions and the so-called first era of globalization. In this article I argue that in order to properly historicize scientific internationalism, it is imperative to understand how actors imagined science to have pacifist effects, and to relate their technoscientific to their geopolitical imaginaries. To illustrate this, I analyze the 1911 novel Der Menschheit Hochgedanken (translated as When Thoughts Will Soar) by the famous Austrian pacifist Baroness Bertha von Suttner. It tells the story of a scientific conference whose participants, by the sheer brilliance of their thought, ward off war and preserve world peace. Relating the novel to von Suttner’s own life experiences, I situate her internationalism in the social texture and international relations of the late Habsburg Empire. It appears that Von Suttner mobilized notions of the pacific effects of science with an eye to preserving both the European system of states and the position of the aristocracy.

An International Law Perspective on Peace in the Life and Works of Bertha von Suttner

In her lifetime, Bertha von Suttner (1843-1914) was considered the most famous woman in the world. She dedicated her life to the pacifist struggle for international disarmament and the establishment of arbitration tribunals in order to settle disputes without the use of arms. Through several non-fiction books, countless magazine articles and lectures and the formation of the national peace associations in Austria (1891) and in Germany (1892), she contributed significantly to the endeavours of the international peace movement and the dissemination of pacifist ideas. Her tireless commitment also helped to pave the way towards the first international Peace Conference in The Hague in 1899. Her greatest success was her novel “Lay Down Your Arms!” in which she used unprecedented depictions of the atrocities in the battlefield and called unambiguously for the abolition of war.

Floating facilities providing social services – a Floating Salvation Army Refuge in Paris and “School Ship” in Vienna

The article presents two floating architectural structures developed in response to the needs of local communities. The first one – a river barge “Louise-Catherine” – was adapted in 1929 according to the design of Le Corbusier, one of the most influential architects of the first half of the 20th century, for the purposes of Salvation Army shelter docked on the Seine in Paris and it continued its operation as such until 1994. The second one – Bertha von Suttner state junior high school – was developed in a shipyard to serve as a school, which purpose it has been fulfilling since 1994 while moored on the Danube River in Vienna. The author’s intention was to describe both structures while highlighting common features as well as differences, and to analyse them in view of certain selected aspects. The background for the projects’ development was described account taken of different reasons and circumstances. Issues under analysis include decision making processes in terms of architectural programme, functions and spatial developments. The analysis also includes technical aspects such as structural developments, material and infrastructure – in terms of the floating Viennese school – account taken on safety of using a barge as a school establishment. A separate part of the article is dedicated to the issue of social reception, and incase of the former Salvation Army shelter – actions aimed at the protection of a historic structure.

JohnGittings. The Glorious Art of Peace. Paths to Peace in a New Age of War. Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2018.

Peace & ChangeVolume 45, Issue 2 p. 330-332 Book Review Gittings, John. The Glorious Art of Peace. Paths to Peace in a New Age of War. Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2018. Peter van den Dungen, Bertha von Suttner Peace InstituteSearch for more papers by this author Peter van den Dungen, Bertha von Suttner Peace InstituteSearch for more papers by this author First published: 10 March 2020 https://doi.org/10.1111/pech.12402Read the full textAboutPDF ToolsRequest permissionExport citationAdd to favoritesTrack citation ShareShare Give accessShare full text accessShare full-text accessPlease review our Terms and Conditions of Use and check box below to share full-text version of article.I have read and accept the Wiley Online Library Terms and Conditions of UseShareable LinkUse the link below to share a full-text version of this article with your friends and colleagues. Learn more.Copy URL Share a linkShare onEmailFacebookTwitterLinked InRedditWechat No abstract is available for this article. Volume45, Issue2April 2020Pages 330-332 RelatedInformation

Berthavon Suttner. Lay Down Your Arms. Edited by Barbara Burns. Translated by Timothy Holmes. Cambridge, UK: Modern Humanities Research Association, 2019.

Peace & ChangeVolume 44, Issue 3 p. 431-432 Book Review Bertha von Suttner. Lay Down Your Arms. Edited by Barbara Burns. Translated by Timothy Holmes. Cambridge, UK: Modern Humanities Research Association, 2019. Peter van den Dungen, Peter van den Dungen Bertha von Suttner Peace Institute (The Hague)Search for more papers by this author Peter van den Dungen, Peter van den Dungen Bertha von Suttner Peace Institute (The Hague)Search for more papers by this author First published: 07 May 2019 https://doi.org/10.1111/pech.12357Read the full textAboutPDF ToolsRequest permissionExport citationAdd to favoritesTrack citation ShareShare Give accessShare full text accessShare full-text accessPlease review our Terms and Conditions of Use and check box below to share full-text version of article.I have read and accept the Wiley Online Library Terms and Conditions of UseShareable LinkUse the link below to share a full-text version of this article with your friends and colleagues. Learn more.Copy URL Share a linkShare onFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditWechat No abstract is available for this article. Volume44, Issue3July 2019Pages 431-432 RelatedInformation

Cosmopolitan Outsiders: Imperial Inclusion, National Exclusion, and the Pan-European Idea, 1900–1930 by Katherine Sorrels

Reviewed by: Cosmopolitan Outsiders: Imperial Inclusion, National Exclusion, and the Pan-European Idea, 1900–1930 by Katherine Sorrels Laura A. Detre Katherine Sorrels, Cosmopolitan Outsiders: Imperial Inclusion, National Exclusion, and the Pan-European Idea, 1900–1930. New York: Palgrave Macmillan, 2016. 258 pp. The future of European unity is a timely topic. As we watch the negotiations around Brexit and remember the Greek financial crisis of a few years ago, it is easy to think that the idea of the continent working in harmony is a new and faddish one. In reality, the idea of uniting Europe in order to ensure peace and stability is not a postwar invention but rather one that has its origins in the multicultural empires of the eighteenth and nineteenth centuries. Katherine Sorrels’s book Cosmopolitan Outsiders is an interesting examination of the lives and work of two men who advocated for European integration in the early twentieth century, Alfred Fried and Count Richard Coudenhove-Kalergi. The two men had very different personal stories and do not seem to have known each other (although Coudenhove-Kalergi was certainly aware of Fried’s writings), but Sorrels makes a compelling argument for examining them together, as their ultimate goals were assuredly interconnected. Alfred Fried was a secular Viennese Jew and the founder of the German Peace Society. He had relocated to Berlin and was inspired by Bertha von Suttner and the Austrian Peace Society to create a similar institution in his new home. Fried was expelled from the organization within a year of its founding, and eventually he made his way back to Vienna. His experiences in Germany, specifically the highly militaristic nationalism that he encountered in his adopted home, left him even more convinced of the importance of pacifism and shaped his future writing. Count Richard Coudenhove-Kalergi, who created the Pan-European Union in the early twentieth century, was inspired by Fried’s ideas but conceived of European unity in different terms. [End Page 126] Coudenhove’s father, a Bohemian aristocrat and diplomat, had written at length about the problem of anti-Semitism specifically and about progressive causes more generally. Coudenhove’s mother was the daughter of a Japanese merchant, and his biracial identity reinforced his sense that crossing cultural boundaries was inherently valuable. The most important conclusion Sorrels draws is that earlier historians were incorrect to suggest that European unity was the exclusive project of elite insiders. She shows that marginalized people, particularly Jews like Fried, also understood the benefits of overcoming the nationalisms of the nineteenth century and advocated for greater international connections. Marginality could be the result of geography, but she also demonstrates that marginality can be defined by thinking and beliefs outside of the mainstream. This is what binds Fried to Coudenhove, a German-speaking aristocrat in interwar Czechoslovakia. Both men were not members of the cultural majority, and this afforded them the ability to see the issues of European unity in a different light. Perhaps the most compelling sections of Sorrels’s work are those where she links Coudenhove’s ideology of pan-Europeanism and the building of a new elite to the work of two of Austria’s most noteworthy Jewish writers, Stefan Zweig and Joseph Roth. She notes that Zweig was approximately half a generation older than both Coudenhove and Roth and confirmedly part of the Viennese intellectual elite; consequently he romanticized a form of liberalism that was essentially defunct by the time Roth became a public figure. Coudenhove, despite being younger, was more compatible intellectually with the older Zweig. Both men saw Prussian militarism as the essential impediment to a peaceful, united Europe, whereas Roth, who was born in Galicia and had a less privileged upbringing, leaned toward Socialism and identified many socioeconomic factors preventing Europe from achieving a lasting peace. Sorrels notes that, just as Fried and Coudenhove rejected the more northerly version of German nationalism as arrogant and dismissive of its southern neighbors, Roth saw the West-centrism of the Viennese elite as counterproductive and critiqued the older generation of liberal, assimilated Jews, like Zweig, who failed to include the Jews of Eastern Europe in their vision of European unity. She suggests that it was...

One woman - Two sides of the Same Coin? Journalism and Public relations: The case of Bertha von Suttner, Austria

This article demonstrates the relationship between journalism and public relations in the case of Bertha von Suttner (1843–1914) from Austria, Nobel Peace Prize Laureate in 1905. Based on a literature review, the research in this article sheds light on both journalism and public relations in the late nineteenth century in view of this story of an extraordinary woman. Starting with the idea that Bertha von Suttner was not only a renowned journalist and writer, but also a propagandist for peace and women's rights, this paper notes that journalism and public relations are not just two sides of the same coin but, particularly in view of campaigns, can stand side by side for a cause. As well as a theoretical discussion, the contribution highlights the instruments utilised by Bertha von Suttner to fight for peace and equality. Furthermore, the results outline some perspectives, which logically illustrate that both journalism and public relations are based on the same intentions regarding campaigning. Due to this, journalism and public relations merge into one activism field.

PACIFISM IN FIN-DE-SIÈCLE AUSTRIA: THE POLITICS AND LIMITS OF PEACE ACTIVISM

ABSTRACTThe late Habsburg Monarchy produced two of the most renowned peace activists of their day: Bertha von Suttner and Alfred Fried. In comparison to these two Nobel Peace laureates, the main association of Austro-pacifism – theÖsterreichische Friedensgesellschaft(ÖFG) – is less well known. The article concentrates on this organization, which had been founded in 1891, and it draws attention to the political and intellectual environment in which it operated. The ÖFG originated in the milieu of Austro-German liberalism, but had an ambivalent rapport with liberal politics. The Austro-pacifists’ focus on supranational principles and dynastic loyalty sat uneasily with the national dimensions of Cisleithanian politics. The obstacles encountered by the ÖFG illustrate wider aspects of the political culture of fin-de-siècle Austria, ranging from the question of militarism in Austrian society to the challenges created by socialist and nationalist movements. As a whole, the article highlights the inherent limitations of Austro-pacifism, as reflected in its quest for respectability and its acceptance of the social and political order.

... auch ich kämpfe einen verrückten Kampf: Bertha von Suttner, Theodor Herzl, die Friedensbewegung und der Zionismus

In 1889, when Bertha von Suttner published her ground-breaking anti-war novel Die Waffen nieder! she called attention to a decade of war and social stress throughout larger parts of Europe. In a very similar way Theodor Herzl’s booklet Der Judenstaat published nearly ten years later set focus on the misery of the Jewish population in the Austrian-Hungarian Empire, France and Russia. By stressing this ideological equity, this paper sets out to describe the intersection between the Austria peace movement headed by Bertha von Suttner and the Zionist movement founded by Theodor Herzl. As will be argued, their ideological bond does not only reflect a personal sympathy between them, but it also emphasizes the changing character of Theodor Herzl’s versatile diplomatic efforts and the conversion of bourgeoisie conservative Bertha von Suttner and her husband to loyal Philo-Zionists. The concluding remarks summarize some important features of this alliance and highlight thus the significant impact of non Jewish aid for Theodor Herzl’s political aims.

Between Philosemitism and Antisemitism: Defenses of Jews and Judaism in Germany 1871-1932 (review)

Reviewed by: Between Philosemitism and Antisemitism: Defenses of Jews and Judaism in Germany 1871-1932 Guy Stern Between Philosemitism and Antisemitism: Defenses of Jews and Judaism in Germany 1871-1932, by Alan T. Levenson. Lincoln: University of Nebraska Press, 2004. 194 pp. $55.00. Virtually every aspect of the relationship between the Jews living in German-speaking countries and their non-Jewish contemporaries during the sixty-odd years prior to the Nazi accession to power has been analyzed and interpreted. Frequently and understandably a dismal, well-documented diagnosis of open or latent antisemitism emerged. Yet was there no countervailing trend in Germany and Austria, a validation of Jews, Judaism, and Jewish contributions, even as antisemitism and indifference became ever more dominant? That is precisely the question that Alan L. Levenson asked himself and, in the search for an answer, wrote the first cohesive study of philosemitism in Germany during the period of the Wilhelmine Empire and the Weimar Republic. Arising initially during the Wilhelmine Empire, as a counterforce to a politically inspired conservative and chauvinistic crop of philosophizing antisemites, philosemitic proponents never gained the coherence of the hate-groups. [End Page 189] As a result many individual champions became ultimately ineffective while fighting a defensive battle against the antisemites. To these non-Jewish apologists for their stigmatized Jewish contemporaries Levenson affixes the useful appellation of anti-antisemites. Yet even in taking this cautious position these defenders of the Jews would repeat such old bromides as "some of their best friends were Jewish" (p. 6) and they would take the additional defensive stance of credentialing themselves as non-Jews. To do otherwise would have made their advocacy suspect. At times the effort to shield oneself against the appearance of a pro-Jewish bias became tortuous. Members of the Abwehrverein, the Society for the Defense against antisemitism, would try to demonstrate their objectivity by simply appealing to Christian tolerance and equality under German law or even by "admitting" to certain flaws in the Jewish character as a show of objectivity. Levenson meticulously traces the various attitudes of these defenders of German Jewry during the duration of the Empire, highlighting the pioneering writings of Count Heinrich von Coudenhove-Kalergi (father of the founder of the Pan-Europe Movement), also on the benign stance of the Empress Augusta and, in a particularly enlightening excursus, on the ambivalent writings of Friedrich Nietzsche. Equally enlightening is his finding that there was a frequent concinnity between the German Peace movement and philosemitism. In fact Bertha von Suttner, the pioneer of the peace movement and the recipient of the first Nobel Peace Price, became one of the earliest advocates of Theodor Herzl's Zionism. Levenson seeks further evidence for the existence of a philosemitic tendency by examining German-Christian literature. Unearthing examples that contrasted with the plethora of literary (and sub-literary) antisemitic texts does great credit to Levenson's research skills. But the results are meager: five novels and one drama, plus a few honorable mentions in the book's footnotes. Most are by authors little remembered, perhaps because "scholars in German studies appear to have neglected literary philosemitism entirely" (p. 44). The one text that for a while reached near-canonical standing, Wilhelm von Scholz's Der Jude von Konstanz stands, as Levenson points out, at a borderline between philo- and antisemitism. To be sure we encounter greatly sympathetic protagonists in these texts, but however well intentioned, the authors assign them usually to tragic, often brutal endings. With great surefootedness and elegance Levenson leads us next through the abnormality of missionary Protestants, especially Franz Delitsch and Hermann Strack, taking up the cause of anti-antisemitism. For example, they laid to rest the blood libel, and, even more laudable, they became exponents of philosemitism. Their goal of converting Jews did not hinder, perhaps even intensified, their [End Page 190] appreciation of Judentum. After careful analysis of the theology that induced this stance Levenson concludes, "Delitsch and Strack mounted the most aggressive defense of Judaism in Germany before World War I. . . ." (p. 89) In the second part of his study Levenson fills in the details. How did various groups across the political and theological spectrum react to Herzl...

Gentile reception of Herzlian zionism, a reconsideration

This paper examines the gentile reception of Herzlian Zionism in its first decade as reflected in the journal Die Welt and in the writings of three supporters of Herzl. Despite defining itself as the party of Autoemancipation, Herzlian Zionists avidly sought to demonstrate gentile concern, thereby cultivating a different kind of philosemitism from that cultivated by the Jewish mainstream. The cases of the missionary Protestant Carl Friedrich Heman, the literary radical Hermann Bahr, and the novelist Bertha von Suttner offer examples of how various misreadings of Herzlian Zionism enabled individuals to enlist as supporters of the movement. Herzl's own receptivity to gentile enthusiasm and his willingness to gloss over points of difference emerges as an effective and probably necessary tactic for a leader committed to propelling Zionism to world prominence.

Reflections on the First Century of the Nobel Peace Prize

This reflection on Nobel Peace Prize history includes recent awards. The correspondence between Alfred Nobel and Bertha von Suttner provides a background for the challenge of assessing what constitutes peace work and the ambiguity of putting workers for peace into categories. Weighing the merits of awards to individuals and organizations respectively, institutional recognition becomes politically understandable, but seems less able to inspire emulation. Prizes for statesmen and political leaders get a very mixed evaluation in the light of historical context. Awards for human rights illustrate the most recently recognized form of peace work, and the role of organized campaigns for the prize pales against the dramatic story of personal achievement in the cause of humanity.

Brigitte Hamann. <italic>Bertha von Suttner: A Life for Peace</italic>. Translated by Ann Dubsky. Foreword by Irwin Abrams. (Syracuse Studies on Peace and Conflict Resolution.) Syracuse, N.Y.: Syracuse University Press. 1996. Pp. xxi, 360. Cloth $39.95, paper $17.95

Brigitte Hamann. <italic>Bertha von Suttner: A Life for Peace</italic>. Translated by Ann Dubsky. Foreword by Irwin Abrams. (Syracuse Studies on Peace and Conflict Resolution.) Syracuse, N.Y.: Syracuse University Press. 1996. Pp. xxi, 360. Cloth $39.95, paper $17.95

Bertha von Suttner: A Life for Peace

Based on diaries, letters and archival material, this is a biography of Austrian writer and peace activist Bertha von Suttner, the first woman to win the Nobel Peace Prize. It aims to show the relevance of her work in the 20th century.

Book Reviews

Bertha von Suttner: A Life for PeaceBrigitte Hamann Rocking The Boat: Union Women's Voices, 1915–1975edited by Brigid O'Farrell and Joyce Kornbluh Resolving International Conflicts: The Theory and Practice of Mediationedited by Jacob Bercovitch In the Shadow of War: The United States since the 1930sMichael S. Sherry Willaim Appleman Williams: The Tragedy of EmpirePaul M. Buhle and Edward Rice‐Maximin Economic Policy for Building Peace: The Lessons of El Salvadoredited by James K. Boyce Scriptures for a Generation: What We Were Reading in the '60sPhilip D. Beidler Imperial Encounters: The Politics of Representation in North‐South RelationsRoxanne Lynn Doty

Vienna, the 1890s: Jews in the Eyes of Their Defenders. (The Verein zur Abwehr des Antisemitismus)

Advocatesfor minority rights make stringent demands upon those they defend. The relationship between the persecuted and their defenders is often a minefield of conflicting agendas, made even worse by patronizing attitudes on the one side and wounded pride on the other. One example is the Verein zur Abwehr des Antisemitismus (The Association for Defense Against Antisemitism), founded in Vienna in 1891 to combat the alarming rise of political antisemitism, unmistakable in the stunning electoral successes of the Christian Social Party led by Karl Lueger. Abwehrverein members came from Austria's elite of education and property (Bildung und Besitz): Liberal politicians, large-scale industrialists and merchants, members of the free professions, and artists. Most members were Austro-German liberals, and Liberal Reichsrat deputies sat on its board. Its founder and president was Baron Arthur Gunduccar von Suttner (1850–1902), a writer, and husband of Bertha von Suttner, recipient of the Noble Peace Prize in 1905. My intention is to explore the attitude of the Abwehrverein to Jewry, and to raise the question of whether it served Jewish interests well. But before that, a word or two must be said about the association.

Nobel Peace Laureates, Jane Addams and Emily Greene Balch: Two Women of the Women's International League for Peace and Freedom

Nobel Peace Laureates, Jane Addams and Emily Greene Balch: Two Women of the Women's International League for Peace and Freedom Harriet Hyman Alonso In November, 1895, Alfred Nobel, wealthy inventor and entrepreneur, signed his last will and testament. In it, he stipulated that the major part of his estate be converted into a fund and invested, the interest to be used for prizes in five areas he wished to promote, one of which was peace.1 Nobel's interest in the peace cause centered around his passionate friendship with Baroness Bertha von Suttner, the founder of the Austrian Peace Society.2 Nobel envisioned the prize as a tribute to the woman or man who did the most for obtaining peace in Europe. Little did he imagine that it would become one of the most pretigious and lucrative awards in the world.3 In the spring of 1992, eighteen peace historians gathered at the Nobel Institute in Norway to probe the question, "How has the Nobel Peace Prize been accepted in the laureates' own nations?" My assignment was to enlighten the group on the two women from the United States who won the prize: Jane Addams (1931) and Emily Greene Balch (1946).4 Each received the honor for her work with the Women's International League for Peace and Freedom (WILPF). Addams was already a well-known Progressive Era reformer when she was named a Nobel laureate and is well placed in U.S. history. Emily Greene Balch, however, was and still is virtually unknown in the land of her birth. Why, I wondered, was this so? Both women came from similar backgrounds, lived through the same eras, and embraced many of the same causes. They worked together in WILPF and other organizations to ward off U.S. participation in World War I, faced similar harassment during the Red Scare of the 1920s, and worked together in the international search for world peace during the interwar years. After Addams died in 1935, Balch continued working with WILPF until her death in 1961. Three factors may explain the inconsistency in the two women's reputations: 1) Addams is best known for her work in the settlement house movement, an extension of the domestic sphere and traditionally occupied by women, whereas Balch chose peace activism as a career, thereby entering the world of international affairs, a sphere traditionally closed to women. Addams's social work, in other words, did not generally threaten © 1995 Journal of Women's History, Vol. 7 No. 2 (Summer) 1995 Harriet Hyman Alonso 7 the status quo, whereas Batch's peace work did. 2) Addams did not criticize the nation's capitalist ideology while Balch openly declared herself a socialist, allying with political groups which U.S. policy makers disfavored. Throughout her career, Balch challenged the basic economic principles of capitalism. 3) Addams received the prize during a time of relative peace while Balch received it during the early Cold War years. The public's view at the time was that Addams's work mirrored government policy, whereas Balch's reflected clearcut opposition. A comparison of these women's lives and careers offers more insight into the matter. The Early Years Jane Addams and Emily Greene Balch had much in common during their early years. Their upbringing and education led to a similar desire to end poverty and war. The two women were born just six years apart to upper middle-class parents—Addams on September 6,1860, and Balch on January 8,1867.5 Both women had industrious, politically Uberal fathers and traditional Victorian-era mothers. Addams's father, John Huy Addams, a prosperous Illinois miller and banker, was heavily involved in community affairs. An opponent of slavery, he met and befriended many influential figures, among them, Abraham Lincoln. Balch's father, Francis Vergnies Balch, a graduate of Harvard University, volunteered to fight in the Civil War, and served as secretary to the abolitionist U.S. senator, Charles Sumner. Returning to Boston, he devoted the remainder of his life to practicing law. Addams's mother, Sarah Weber Addams, concentrated on her role as wife and mother, and died when Jane was only two years old. Five years...

Bertha von suttner's spiritual daughters: The feminist pacifism of Anita Augspurg, Lida Gustava Heymann, and Helene Stöcker at the International Congress of Women at The Hague, 1915

Three German women with significant contributions to the German women's movement became active in the work of pacifism at the International Congress of Women at The Hague in 1915, a commitment that continued throughout the rest of their lives, Anita Augspurg, Lida Gustava Heymann, and Helene Stöcker addressed the Congress in statements that can be termed feminist pacifism, for their opposition to war grew out of their opposition to social and political structures that oppressed women. While their positions are not identical to those taken by the pre-war pacifist. Bertha von Suttner, there is an echo of her thinking in the voices of these women; and their work at the Congress takes Suttner's legacy of pacifist activism another step further.